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- Johansson, Börje, et al.
(författare)
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Technical Change, Location and Trade
- 1987
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Ingår i: Papers in regional science (Print). - Umeå : Umeå universitet. - 1056-8190 .- 1435-5957. ; 62:1, s. 13-35
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The difference between the slow adjustment of localized resources and the faster processes of technical change and product renewal cause a relocation pressure on existing production. Introduction of new products, techniques and establishments is stimulated by opportunities to attain temporary monopoly profits and is restrained by sunk costs in older vintages and competition for local resources. Introduction is more frequent in nodes with a rich and varied importstructure. The process can be modelledas a chain of import, production and export cycles with relocation. Conditions for introduction and change of location are analysed by means of a spatial vintage model.
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| 4. |
- Axelsson, Karin
(författare)
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Eating problems and nutritional status after stroke
- 1988
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Eating problems and nutritional status were studied in a consecutive series of 104 stroke patients admitted to emergency hospital care. During their stay in hospital eating problems were observed in 46 patients. Certain common types of eating problems were identified: aberrant eating behaviour as regards chewing,lokalization or swallowing, eating small amounts, hoarding of food in the mouth, leakage of food from the mouth and unawareness of eating problems. Poor nutritional status occurred in 16 % of the patients on admission and in 22 % on discharge from the stroke unit.A subgroup of 32 patients hospitalized for 21 days or longer was studied for three weeks. On at least one occasion during these three weeks a poor nutritional status was observed in 18 patients, of whom 17 had eating problems.All subjects who had eating problems during their hospital stay, plus those patients without eating problems but with neurological deficits and those living in a nursing home one year after the stroke (n=36) were selected for a longitudinal study 18 months after the onset of stroke. Eating problems were identified in 23 of these patients during their hospital stay while 21 had such problems when they were followed up.Two patients who could not eat due to severe dysphagia (after a stroke) for three years and 18 months respectively, were successfully trained to eat normally. One patient exhibited impaired oral and hypopharyngeal function and the other impaired hypo- pharyngeal function and a spastic crico-pharyngeal muscle. In both patients training in swallowing was the main remedical measure and one of them also had a myotomy of the spastic muscle.
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| 6. |
- Gärling, Anita
(författare)
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Parents' perceptions of children's accident risk
- 1988
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of the present thesis was, first, to study how parents and other adults percieve or judge children’s accident risk, and, secondly, to relate such judgements to the subjects’ preferences for and satisfaction with different residential conditions.A theoretical framework is proposed which assumes that judgements of children’s accident risk are based on beliefs about what causes accidents to children. Such beliefs are furthermore assumed to be acquired more often from indirect sources than from own direct experiences. Nevertheless, because of parents’ higher motivation to protect their children, they are assumed to differ from other adults who are not parents with respect to their causal models and, as a consequence, their risk perceptions.To test some implications of the theoretical framework, three empirical studies were carried out in which parents and nonparents were requested to judge the risk children run of having accidents under different circumstances and to judge the strengths of five causes of such accidents, the parent, the child, the environment, other people, and chance. In two of the studies the subjects were also requested to express their preferences for different residential neighborhoods varying in traffic conditions, or satisfaction with their own residential conditions either as it is or if changed in different ways.Support for the implications of the theoretical framework was obtained in that causal explanations of accidents were shown to play a decisive role for judgements of accident risk. However, very slight differences were found between parents’ and nonparents’ causal models and risk perceptions. The results furthermore indicated that accident risk was of importance for parents’ satisfaction with their residential conditions if changes with perceived accident consequences were implemented. In this respect parents differed from nonparents. For the latter other things than children’s accident risk tended to be more important.
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| 7. |
- Hansson, Pär, 1957-
(författare)
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Intra-industry trade: measurements, determinants and growth : a study of Swedish foreign trade
- 1989
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The conclusions are that a traditional factor proportions model seems neither theoretically nor empirically to explaing IIT. However, a relaxation of the assumption of homogeneous products in an industry gives rise to several implications for IIT. Industry characteristics such as an industry’s factor intensity and the degree of product differentiation play important roles. The more extreme an industry is with regard to factor intensity, i.e., if an industry is very capital or very labor intensive, the smaller IIT is in that industry. The more differentiated the products, the less the elasticity of substitution in demand between different products in an industry, the larger the IIT. In order to test the latter, a new measure of product differentiation closely related to the concept in the theoretical model is developed. Furthermore, similarity in relative factor endowments in the trading countries and transaction costs - tariffs and transport costs - influence IIT. The more similar the relative factor endowments, the larger the IIT. The less the transaction costs, the greater the IIT.
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| 8. |
- Hultmark, Dan, 1949-
(författare)
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Insect immunity : Inducible antibacterial proteins from Hyalophora cecropia
- 1982
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A powerful bactericidal activity can be induced in the hemolymph of many insects as a response to an injection of bacteria. The nature of the effector molecules of this immune response was investigated, using pupae of the Cecropia moth, Hyalophora cecropia. Three major types of antibacterial proteins were found: the cecropins, the P5 proteins, and lysozyme. They appear in the hemolymph as a result of de novo synthesis.Six different cecropins were purified and characterized. The full amino acid sequences of the three major cecropins A, B and D were determined, as well as partial sequences of the three minor cecropins C, E and F. The cecropins are all very small (Mr = 4,000) and basic (pI > 9.5) proteins, and they show extensive homology in their sequences. The three major cecropins are products of different genes. Their C-terminals are blocked by uncharged groups, which can be removed by mild acid hydrolysis. The minor cecropins are closely related to the major forms, and may be unblocked precursors or, in one case (cecropin F), a minor allelic form. The cecropins were shown to be lytic, and to be efficient against several Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains, but not against mammalian cells.The P5 proteins are bactericidal proteins, larger than the cecropins (Mr = 20,000 - 23,000). Six forms, differing in isoelectric point, were isolated. They form two closely related groups, the basic (P5 A-D) and the acidic forms (P5 E-F). Within each group, the different forms have almost identical amino acid compositions.The Cecropia lysozyme is similar to lysozymes isolated from other insects, as well as to that from hen egg white. It is lytic to a restricted number of Gram positive bacteria.The presence of cecropins and other antibacterial factors was demon-strated also in other lepidopterans, notably Galleria mellonella, and may explain earlier observations of antibacterial factors in the latter species.
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