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| 2. |
- Kiiski, Ritva, et al.
(författare)
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An inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (enalapril) augments endotoxin-induced hypotension in the pig
- 1999
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Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - 0300-9734. ; 104:2, s. 163-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Septic shock causes an extensive inflammatory reaction including increased capillary leakage and a decrease in systemic blood pressure. Human septic shock can be replicated in the endotoxaemic pig. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is involved in the degradation of bradykinin, an inflammatory mediator, and in the regulation of blood pressure. Inhibition of ACE is a common approach to reduce hypertension as well as left ventricular insufficiency. Fifteen anaesthetised pigs received a continuous 3 h endotoxin infusion. The animals were randomly given an inhibitor of ACE (enalpril) [at a dose (0.5 mg x kg-1) that did not per se reduce mean arterial blood pressure (MAP); (n = 7)], or the corresponding volume of saline (n = 8). Another seven pigs were randomised for treatment with enalapril (0.5 mg x kg-1) + saline (n = 3). Four pigs were randomised to serve as untreated controls (saline + saline). Basic physiologic variables were registered. Endotoxaemia progressively reduced MAP. This decrease was significantly augmented by enalapril. Hypovolemia caused by increased permeability or salt/water excretion did not seem to explain this effect as neither blood haemoglobin nor plasma sodium differed between the two groups of endotoxaemic pigs. Inhibitors of ACE are known to potentiate the cardio-depressant effect of bradykinin. This may explain the reduction in MAP by enalapril during porcine endotoxaemia.
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| 5. |
- Larsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Peroxidase labelling of chicken anti-bodies
- 1999
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Ingår i: Food and Agricultural Immunology. - 0954-0105. ; 11:1, s. 43-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chicken antibodies have several advantages over mammalian antibodies due to the phylogenetical differences between birds and mammals, resulting in an increased sensitivity and a decreased background in many immunological assays. So far, there has been a very limited use of avian antibodies. This is probably partly due to tradition but also because there are very few optimized methods for the labelling of chicken antibodies. We report upon the suitable conditions for peroxidase-labelling of chicken antibodies with a modified periodate method.
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| 6. |
- Larsson, Anders, 1961-
(författare)
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Proximity Matters? Geographical aspects of changing strategies in automotive subcontracting relationships:the case of domestic suppliers to Volvo Troslanda assembly plant.
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- This study analyses the significance of geographical proximity in the restructuring process of a domestic subcontractor system in the Swedish automotive industry, using the Volvo Torslanda assembly plant as a case. The focus is on: i) the organisation of buyer-subcontractor relationships, ii) time-related delivery strategies, iii) the significance of geographical proximity. The findings provide an empirical contribution to the general understanding of the geographical buyer- subcontractor relationships in the automotive industry. The case covers the development of the domestic subcontractor system in the 1990s and is subdivided into three parts: i) the 40 most important domestic subcontractors in 1996/97, ii) the development of the Arendal supplier-park project 1997-1998, and iii) an analysis of Hydro- Raufoss Automotive Plastics AB, a Norwegian subcontractor, 1993-1998. Up until 1996/97 geographical proximity played a marginal role in the organisation of domestic subcontracting. The system was in the initial stage of an organisational restructuring, showing the first signs of an emerging subcontractor hierarchy. The average delivery frequency increased from weekly to daily deliveries during the 1990s, facilitated by a good infrastructure. Proximity became an important strategic factor with the development of the S80-model, launched in 1998. The main reason was the accelerating use of sequential production on the Volvo assembly line, which directly integrated the production processes of Volvo and its subcontractors. To better respond to the tight time schedule, a number of subcontractors established operations in the new Volvo-led supplier-park, five minutes from the assembly plant. In the introductory phase, there were no explicit plans for subcontractor co-operation. Instead, the park served as a Odelivery-pointO where incoming components were sorted in sequence and delivered to Volvo on an hourly basis. An exception to this was Hydro-Raufoss, which had developed from a delivery-warehouse into a complete production unit. The launch of new models offers an opportunity to implement structural changes in the subcontractor system. Whether the recent change in VolvoOs ownership will also have a bearing on this is, however, a moot point.
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| 10. |
- Schou, Henning, et al.
(författare)
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Uncompensated blood loss is not tolerated during acute normovolemic hemodilution in anesthetized pigs
- 1998
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Ingår i: Anesthesia and analgesia. - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0003-2999. ; 87:4, s. 786-794
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clinically, hemodilution to a hematocrit of 9% has been studied, but the effects of hypovolemia during this degree of hemodilution have not been elucidated. We studied the response to blood loss during extreme hemodilution and evaluated indicators of hypovolemia. Systemic and myocardial hemodynamics, oxygen transport, and blood lactate concentrations were measured in 12 anesthetized pigs exposed to a graded blood loss of 10, 20, 30, and 40 mL/kg. Six animals were hemodiluted (hematocrit 10.8% +/- 1.4%, mean +/- SD), and six animals served as controls (hematocrit 34.6% +/- 1.5%). Hemodilution decreased systemic oxygen delivery to 9.5 +/- 0.6 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1) (controls 21.7 +/- 3.9 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1)) (P < 0.01) despite a 31% increase in cardiac output. Systemic oxygen uptake was unchanged. Arterial lactate increased to 3.3 +/- 1.1 mM/L (controls 1.6 +/- 0.6 mM/L) (P < 0.05), and mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) decreased to 38.2% + 4.8% (controls 68.6% +/- 2.9%) (P < 0.01). At a blood loss of 10 mL/kg, cardiac output continued to be greater in the hemodiluted animals (P < 0.01). Arterial blood pressure decreased to 61 +/- 8 mmHg (controls 84 +/- 18 mm Hg) (P < 0.05), whereas heart rate was unchanged. Systemic oxygen delivery decreased to 8.8 +/- 1.2 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1) (controls 14.1 +/- 2.5 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1)) (P < 0.01). Systemic oxygen uptake was maintained by a further increase in oxygen extraction, and SvO2 decreased to 29.7% +/- 7.3%, compared with 55.3% +/- 9.0% in controls (P < 0.01). Arterial lactate increased to 4.9 +/- 1.4 mM/L (controls 1.8 +/- 0.8 mM/L) (P < 0.01). Myocardial oxygen delivery and lactate uptake were unchanged. When the blood loss equaled 30 mL/kg, myocardial lactate production occurred, and two hemodiluted animals died of circulatory failure. Central venous and capillary wedge pressures changed minimally during the blood loss and did not differ between groups. We conclude that a decrease in arterial blood pressure and SvO2 were early signs of hypovolemia during hemodilution, whereas central venous pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were insensitive indicators. IMPLICATIONS: Anesthetized pigs with extremely low hemoglobin levels (one third of normal) showed poor tolerance to blood loss >10 mL/kg. A decreasing arterial blood pressure, a decreasing oxygen saturation in the venous blood, and an increase in arterial blood lactate concentration were useful indicators of blood loss.
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