| 11. |
- Svederberg, Eva, 1946-
(author)
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Tänkande bakom val och användning av livsmedel : faktorer som medverkar till eller utgör hinder för förändring av matvanor
- 1997
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Avhandlingsarbetet fokuserar tänkande och handlande i förhållande till livsmedel som pedagogiska förutsättningar för förståelse av kostbudskap och näringsrekommendationer. Studiens syfte var att undersöka och beskriva hur tidigare erfarenheter framträder i människors tänkande och handlande i förhållande till deras val och användning av fettrika resp. kostfiberrika livsmedel för att belysa faktorer som medverkar till eller utgör hinder för förändring av matvanor i hälsofrämjande riktning. I studien ingick arton metallarbetarfamiljer i Sverige där föräldrarna är födda och uppvuxna i Finland, Kroatien eller Sverige. Den öppna och explorativa datainsamlingen i varje familj bestod av en deltagande observation vid tillagning av en vardagsmiddag och två halvstrukturerade och fokuserade intervjuer, en om fettrika livsmedel och en om kostfiberrika livsmedel. Analysen hade en tolkande och kontextuell karaktär och syftade till beskrivningskategorier för beskrivning av vad som karaktäriserar tänkandet bakom val och användning av livsmedel. I analysen användes även en aspekt av det sociokulturella begreppet habitus, symboliskt kapital. I de familjer som förändrat sina matvanor i enlighet med svenska näringsrekommendationer (SNR), var erfarenheter relaterade till hälsoproblem i familjen företrädesvis avgörande i tänkandet bakom val och användning av livsmedel. I de familjer som inte alls eller endast marginellt förändrat sina matvanor i hälsofrämjande riktning, var erfarenheter relaterade till den sociokulturella bakgrunden företrädesvis avgörande.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Ahlner Malmström, Elisabet, 1948-
(author)
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Är barns bilder språk?
- 1991
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- "Är barns bilder språk?" Det traditionella språkbegreppet har ändrat karaktär. Begrepp tenderar att bli utslitna - så även begreppet "språk". Bildspråk är en av byggstenarna i vår kommunikation.I denna bok presenteras en bildpedagogisk metod för barn i åldrarna 2-7 år. Författaren delar med sig av sina egna bildpedagogiska erfarenheter. Med många exempel i ord och bild visar hon hur en bildspråklig medvetenhet kan utvecklas hos barn. Inte minst framgår hur roligt barnen ofta tycker det är att prata om sina bilder, i synnerhet när de vuxna själva har utvecklat sitt bildkunnande. Här behandlas sådant som färgblandning, modellteckning och diktillustrering. Bildanalys pekar på vad som kan upptäckas i barnens bilder. Här finns dessutom en översikt över bildpedagogikens historia och dess olika teorier.Den välillustrerade boken ger en utmärkt grund för pedagoger - och föräldrar - som vill stimulera barnen att uttrycka sig i bild.
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| 16. |
- Aili, Carola, 1963-
(author)
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Lärarna själva sänker sin status
- 1999
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In: Pedagogiska Magasinet. - 1401-3320. ; :2, s. 8-11
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- När lärare definierar ”de avvikande fallen” i sin yrkesutövning i termer av andras kunskapssystem eller andras problem, och därmed också andras misslyckande, så avhänder de sig möjligheten att utveckla en verklig kompetens för den verksamhet de är satta att bedriva. Det hävdar Carola Aili som anser att lärarna saknar ett akademiskt kunskapssystem.
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| 17. |
- Akimoto, K, et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of titanium implants placed into simulated extraction sockets : a study in dogs
- 1999
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In: International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants. - 0882-2786 .- 1942-4434. ; 14:3, s. 351-360
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of gap width on bone healing around implants placed into simulated extraction socket defects of varying widths in 10 mongrel dogs. All premolars were removed and the alveolar ridges were reduced to a width of 7 mm. Nine weeks later, a total of 80 implants, 10 mm long by 3.3 mm wide, were placed into osteotomy sites prepared to 3 different diameters in the coronal half, simulating extraction sockets. Three experimental sites, with gap sizes of 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 1.4 mm, were created; the control sites had no gap. The depth of each defect was measured at the time of implant placement. All implants were stable at the time of placement. The dogs were euthanized 12 weeks after implant placement, and blocks containing the implants and adjacent bone were submitted for histologic evaluation. Clinically, all control and test sites healed, with complete bone fill in the defect. Percentages of bone-to-implant contact were measured histologically. As the gap widened, the amount of bone-to-implant contact decreased, and the point of the highest bone-to-implant contact shifted apically. These changes were statistically significant (P < .001). No statistically significant differences in bone-to-implant contact were found between the sites when the apical 4 mm of implants were compared. Within the limits of this study, the simulated extraction socket defects healed clinically, with complete bone fill, regardless of the initial gap size. However, the width of the gap at the time of implant placement had a significant impact on the histologic percentage and the height of bone-to-implant contact.
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| 18. |
- Andersson, H. Ingemar, 1950-, et al.
(author)
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Characteristics of subjects with chronic pain, in relation to local and widespread pain report : a prospective study of symptoms, clinical findings and blood tests in subgroups of a geographically defined population
- 1996
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. - 0300-9742 .- 1502-7732. ; 25:3, s. 146-154
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The relation between reported chronic pain and clinical findings was studied by comparing survey data six months before and eighteen months after a clinical examination. Studied individuals (n = 165) were randomly selected from subsamples of an initial survey (n = 1806) to a general population. Among individuals reporting chronic pain 85% were assessed to have chronic pain at the examination. Diagnoses were found in 22% of examined pain individuals. Myofascial pain syndrome and myalgia were the most common findings. Compared with located neck-shoulder pain, widespread pain had a greater impact on the individual, a worse prognosis regarding pain duration and working capacity, and revealed a raised serum urate level of unclear significance. Although no specific cause of pain is found in individuals with widespread pain it is important to identify and treat this group due to the great effects on functional capacity and the worse prognosis.
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| 19. |
- Andersson, H. Ingemar, 1950-
(author)
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Chronic pain : epidemiological studies in a general population
- 1998
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim was to study the epidemiology of chronic pain (> 3 months duration) and factors associated to pain prevalence, prognosis, health care and medication in a general population. A cross-sectional mailed survey to a random population sample (n = 1806) was followed by a clinical examination and a prospective study of three selected groups. Pain related diagnoses from primary health care was monitored and compared with pain prevalence. The most important findings were: - a high total prevalence of chronic pain, 55.2%, without gender difference but varying by age and socioeconomic level. About one fourth (12.8%) reported high pain intensity and functional impairments. Women experienced pain at more locations and with higher intensity. - in a multivariate analysis increasing age, female gender, low education, high work strain, depression and insomnia were associated with chronic pain. - widespread pain showed a worse 2- year prognosis compared with neck shoulder pain. - musculoskeletal location of pain dominated, myalgia and myofascial pain being the most common symptom descriptions. - co-morbidity with chronic pain was common. More hypertensives and an increased level of serum uric acid associated to widepread pain indicated possible metabolic connections to pain. - smoking (current and previous) was associated with low-back and widespread pain. - chronic pain had a substantial influence of primary health care-seeking and medication; high pain intensity being the most important predictor of care and medication. - pain related diagnoses in primary health care increased between 1987 and 1996. Chronic pain, mainly with musculoskeletal location, is a community health problem. A multi-factorial approach in prevention and treatment on the basis of present knowledge is necessary.
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| 20. |
- Andersson, H. Ingemar, 1950-, et al.
(author)
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Chronic pain in a geographically defined general population : studies of differences in age, gender, social class, and pain localization.
- 1993
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In: The Clinical Journal of Pain. - 0749-8047 .- 1536-5409. ; 9:3, s. 174-182
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To establish basic epidemiological data on chronic pain (duration > 3 months) in a defined population. Relationships between age, gender, and social class were tested. DESIGN: A survey of pain symptoms, including location, intensity, duration, and functional capacity, was conducted by means of a mail questionnaire. SETTING: General populations in two Swedish primary health care districts. Medical care was provided in a state health system. SUBJECTS: A random sample (from the population register) of 15% of the population aged 25-74 (n = 1,806). The response rate was 90%. OUTCOME MEASURES: Descriptive epidemiologic data in relation to objectives of the study. RESULTS: Without sex differences, 55% (95% confidence interval, 53-58%) of the population had perceived persistent pain for 3 months and 49% for 6 months. Among individuals with chronic pain, 90% localized their pain to the musculoskeletal system to a variable extent. Women experienced more multiple localizations of pain and had pain in the neck, shoulder, arm, and thigh to a greater extent than men. Prevalence of pain increased by age up to 50-59 years for both genders and then slowly decreased. The neck-shoulder area was the most common site of pain (30.2%), followed by the lower back (23.2%). Even in the youngest age groups more than one of four reported chronic pain. Blue-collar workers and employers (including farmers) reported chronic pain to a greater extent than other groups. In 13% of the population, manifest pain problems were associated with reduced functional capacity. CONCLUSION: Chronic pain symptoms are common but unevenly distributed in a general population. The results may influence planning and consultation in primary health care as well as warranting selective prevention activities.
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