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- Gerlee, Philip, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Scientific Models : Red Atoms, White Lies and Black Boxes in a Yellow Book
- 2016
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A zebrafish, the hull of a miniature ship, a mathematical equation and a food chain - what do these things have in common? They are examples of models used by scientists to isolate and study particular aspects of the world around us. This book begins by introducing the concept of a scientific model from an intuitive perspective, drawing parallels to mental models and artistic representations. It then recounts the history of modelling from the 16th century up until the present day. The iterative process of model building is described and discussed in the context of complex models with high predictive accuracy versus simpler models that provide more of a conceptual understanding. To illustrate the diversity of opinions within the scientific community, we also present the results of an interview study, in which ten scientists from different disciplines describe their views on modelling and how models feature in their work. Lastly, it includes a number of worked examples that span different modelling approaches and techniques. It provides a comprehensive introduction to scientific models and shows how models are constructed and used in modern science. It also addresses the approach to, and the culture surrounding modelling in different scientific disciplines. It serves as an inspiration for model building and also facilitates interdisciplinary collaborations by showing how models are used in different scientific fields. The book is aimed primarily at students in the sciences and engineering, as well as students at teacher training colleges but will also appeal to interested readers wanting to get an overview of scientific modelling in general and different modelling approaches in particular.
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| 2. |
- Hassellöv, Martin, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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REACH missar nano!
- 2009
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Ingår i: Miljöforskning. ; 2009:3-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Tedersoo, Leho, et al.
(författare)
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Response to Comment on “Global diversity and geography of soil fungi”
- 2015
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 349:6251
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Schadt and Rosling (Technical Comment, 26 June 2015, p. 1438) argue that primer-template mismatches neglected the fungal class Archaeorhizomycetes in a global soil survey. Amplicon-based metabarcoding of nine barcode-primer pair combinations and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–free shotgun metagenomics revealed that barcode and primer choice and PCR bias drive the diversity and composition of microorganisms in general, but the Archaeorhizomycetes were little affected in the global study. We urge that careful choice of DNA markers and primers is essential for ecological studies using high-throughput sequencing for identification.
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| 4. |
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Algebra, Geometry, and Mathematical Physics 2010
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6596 .- 1742-6588.
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This proceedings volume presents results obtained by the participants of the 6th Baltic–Nordic workshop 'Algebra, Geometry, and Mathematical Physics (AGMP-6)' held at the Sven Lovén Centre for Marine Sciences in Tjärnö, Sweden on October 25–30, 2010. The Baltic–Nordic Network AGMP 'Algebra, Geometry, and Mathematical Physics' http://www.agmp.eu was created in 2005 on the initiative of two Estonian universities and two Swedish universities: Tallinn University of Technology represented by Eugen Paal (coordinator of the network), Tartu University represented by Viktor Abramov, Lund University represented by Sergei Silvestrov, and Chalmers University of Technology and the University of Gothenburg represented by Alexander Stolin. The goal was to promote international and interdisciplinary cooperation between scientists and research groups in the countries of the Baltic–Nordic region in mathematics and mathematical physics, with special emphasis on the important role played by algebra and geometry in modern physics, engineering and technologies. The main activities of the AGMP network consist of a series of regular annual international workshops, conferences and research schools. The AGMP network also constitutes an important educational forum for scientific exchange and dissimilation of research results for PhD students and Postdocs. The network has expanded since its creation, and nowadays its activities extend beyond countries in the Baltic–Nordic region to universities in other European countries and participants from elsewhere in the world. As one of the important research-dissimilation outcomes of its activities, the network has a tradition of producing high-quality research proceedings volumes after network events, publishing them with various international publishers.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(författare)
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Mellan genialitet och galenskap: Recension av Benjamin Labatuts roman "MANIAC"
- 2023
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Ingår i: Tidskriften Alba. - 1403-5448.
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Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- John von Neumann var ett för de allra flesta okänt ungerskt underbarn av judisk härkomst som sedermera flydde undan nazisterna till USA, där han dog 1957. Han var ett matematiskt universalgeni som gav viktiga, för att inte säga avgörande, bidrag till fysikens, biologins, data- och samhällsvetenskapens och meteorologins (och därmed klimatvetenskapens) utveckling under 1900-talet. Vid sidan av den mer allmänt kände Alan Turing föranstaltade han det som vi idag lär känna som A.I. och teoretiserade tidigt om hur man kunde tänka på maskiner som livsformer analogt med biologiska – en idé som idag ingår både i evolutionsbiologiska verktygslådor liksom i visioner och mardrömsscenarier om en teknologisk singularitet bortom vilken generella A.I. dominerar och, i värsta fall, tränger ut människoarten. Det är denne märkliga och skrämmande person Benjamín Labatuts välskrivna roman sätter i centrum för en berättelse om gränslandet mellan genialitet och galenskap, vetenskap och teknik från förra sekelskiftet till nu, logikseminariernas tankelekar och konkret global politisk utveckling på liv och död. Romanen är pärlande klart översatt av Anna Petronella Foultier. Man behöver nog ha ett visst intresse för vetenskap, teknik och/eller global politik för att uppskatta den fullt ut, men mycket sådant förklaras under hand på ett skenbart enkelt vis, så jättestora kunskaper behövs inte.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Gerlee, Philip, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Vetenskapliga modeller : Svarta lådor, röda atomer och vita lögner
- 2012
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vad har en zebrafisk, ett fartygsskrov i miniatyr, en matematisk ekvation och en näringskedja gemensamt? De är alla exempel på vetenskapliga modeller som används inom dagens forskning för att beskriva vår omvärld och gör det möjligt för forskare att isolera och i detalj studera ett visst fenomen. Boken inleds med att introducera begreppet på ett intuitivt plan, genom att dra paralleller till mentala modeller och konstnärliga representationer, och fortsätter med en historisk tillbakablick som sträcker sig från 1600-talet till nutid. Vi diskuterar också den iterativa konstruktionsprocessen och balansen mellan enkelhet och komplexitet som den innebär, vilket i sin tur är kopplat till avvägningen mellan en förklarande modell och en förutsägande. För att belysa skillnader mellan olika synsätt på modeller presenteras också en intervjustudie där forskare från tio stycken forskningsfält beskriver sin relation till modeller. Avslutningsvis innehåller boken ett kapitel där typiska modeller från flera discipliner beskrivs i detalj. Syftet med denna bok är att ge en övergripande introduktion till vetenskapliga modeller och visa hur modeller är uppbyggda samt hur de används inom vetenskapligt arbete. Vi hoppas också att den kan tjäna som inspiration till nya modeller och även underlätta det interdisciplinära samtalet. Boken vänder sig i första hand till studenter på landets ingenjörs- och naturvetarprogram samt till studenter på lärarhögskolorna, men även till dig som har ett vetenskapligt intresse och vill få en översikt av modellering i stort och olika modelleringstraditioner i synnerhet.
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| 9. |
- Tapani, Sofia, 1982
(författare)
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Stochastic modelling and analysis of early mouse development
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to model and describe dynamical events for biological cells using statistical and mathematical tools. The thesis includes five papers that all relate to stochastic modelling of cells. In order to understand the development and patterning of the early mammalian embryo, stochastic modelling has become a more important tool than ever. It allows for studying the processes that mediate the transition from pluripotency of the embryonic cells to their differentiation. It is still unclear whether the positions of cells determine their future fates. One alternative possibility is that cells are pre-specified at random positions and then sort according to a already set fate. Mouse embryonic cells are thought to be equivalent in their developmental properties until approaching the eight-cell stage. Some biological studies show, in comparison, that patterning can be present already at sperm entry and in the pronuclei migration. We investigate in Paper I the dynamics of the pronuclei migration by analysing their trajectories and find that not only do the pronuclei follow a noise corrupted path towards the centre of the egg but they also have some attraction to each other which affects their dynamics. Continuing in Paper II and III, we use these results to model this behaviour with a coupled stochastic differential equation model. This enables us to simulate distributions that describe the meeting plane between pronuclei which in turn can be related to the orientation of the first cleavage of the egg. Our results show that adding randomness in sperm entry point is different from the randomness added through the environment of the egg. We are also able to show that data sets with normal eggs and eggs treated with an actin growth inhibitor give rise to considerably different model dynamics, suggesting that the treatment is affecting the migration in an invasive way. Altering the pronuclei dynamics can alter the polarity of the egg and may transfer into the later axis-formation process. Invasiveness of experimental procedures is a difficult issue to handle. The alternative to invasive procedures is not appealing since it means that important developmental features may not be discovered because of individual variability and noise, leading to guesswork of the underlying mechanisms. The embryonic cells are easily affected by treatments performed to make the measuring, made by hand, easier or by the light exposure of the microscope. Treatments as such are used for example for producing flourescent proteins in membranes or slowing processes down. Paper IV and Paper V serve to analyse how light induced stress affects yeast cells and we employ a method for analysing the noisy non-stationary time series, which are a result of the yeast experiments, using wavelet decomposition.
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| 10. |
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