| 1. |
- Thordstein, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of inflammation on cerebral electric activity in fetal sheep
- 2008
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Ingår i: 2nd Congress of the European Academy of Paediatrics, Nice 23-28 okt 2008.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- OBJECTIVE Intrauterine infections can by themselves induce fetal brain damage but also potentiate the effects of other harmful influences such as asphyxia and seizures. Using an EEG technique that permits the recording of extremely low frequencies, often called DC EEG, changes in the level, i.e. DC shifts can be detected. The DC level has been suggested to depend mainly on the potential over the blood brain barrier (BBB), in turn decided primarily by the arterial level of pCO2. Fetuses affected by infection/inflammation that produce detrimental effects on the brain, may have elevated levels of pCO2 and disturbance of the BBB. We aimed at investigating the possibility that the DC EEG could be used to detect the effects of inflammation on the fetal brain. METHODS Fetal sheep were instrumented at 97 days of gestation with catheters, four active EEG electrodes placed on the dura mater as well as extracranial reference and ground electrodes. After three days of recovery, the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was given to the fetus (200 ng i.v.). RESULTS Exposure to LPS induced a positive DC shift in parallel to the assumed affection of cerebral function and to the pCO2 elevation. This change was not always obvious in standard EEG. CONCLUSIONS These recordings of fetal DC EEG appear to be the first to be done. They indicate that the effects of inflammation on cerebral function can be monitored by DC EEG. Such monitoring might be feasible also during late stages of labour and in neonates.
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| 2. |
- Börjesson, Anders
(författare)
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In silico studies of carbon nano tubes and metal clusters
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Carbon nanotubes have been envisioned to become a very important material in various applications. This is due to the unique properties of carbon nanotubes which can be exploited in applications on length scales spanning from the nano world to our macroscopic world. For example, the electronic properties of carbon nanotubes makes them utterly suitable for nano electronics while the strength of them makes them suitable for reinforcements in plastics. Both of these applications do however require... mer the ability for systematic production of carbon nanotubes with certain properties. This is called selective carbon nanotube growth and today this has not been achieved with total success. In the work presented in the thesis several different computational methods have been applied in our contribution to the systematic search for selective carbon nanotube growth. Put in a context of previous knowledge about carbon nanotube growth our results provide valuable clues to which parameters that control the carbon nanotube growth. In association with the latest results we even dare to, with all modesty, speculate about a plausible control mechanism. The studies presented in the thesis addressed different stages of carbon nanotube growth, spanning from the properties affecting the initiation of the growth to the parameters affecting the termination of the growth. In some more detail this included studies of the melting temperatures of nanoscaled metal clusters. The expected size dependence of the melting temperatures was confirmed and the melting temperatures of clusters on substrates were seen to depend both on the material and shape of the surface. As this constitute the premises prior to the carbon nanotube growth it was followed by studies of the interaction between carbon nanotubes and metal clusters of different size and constitution. This was done using different computational methods and at different temperatures. It soon became apparent that the clusters adapted to the carbon nanotube and not vice versa. This held true irrespectively of the constitution of the cluster, that is for both pure metal and metal carbide. It was also seen that there exist a minimum cluster size that prevent the carbon nanotube end from closing. Closure of the carbon nanotube end is likely to lead to the termination of the growth which lead to studies of other reasons for growth termination, e.g., Ostwald ripening of the catalyst particles. This was investigated with the result that the rate of the Ostwald ripening may depend on both the chirality and diameter of the carbon nanotubes. It is suggested that this may provide some answers to the controlled growth of carbon nanotubes.
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| 3. |
- Wänström Lindh, Ulrika
(författare)
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Light shapes spaces : experience of distribution of light and visual spatial boundaries
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Light enables us to experience space. The distribution of light is vital for spatial experience but has not been the main focus of previous research on lighting. The lighting designer’s professional knowledge is to a great extent experience-based and tacit. With design practice as the point of departure, this thesis aims to explore spatiality and enclosure in relation to the distribution of light – with the intention of increasing subjects’ understanding of what can be regarded as a space, and to show how spaces can be shaped by the distribution of light. By focusing on users’ experiences and interpretations, relationships between the distribution of light and perceived spatial dimensions and experienced spatial atmosphere have been investigated. The main contribution of this thesis is to widen the base of knowledge that lighting designers, architects and customers can use as a common reference. This thesis is based on three studies: the Scale Model Study, the Auditorium Study and the Church Park Study. The thesis includes concept- and method development. The mixed methodologies comprise a range from introspective phenomenological observations to deep interviews and questionnaires. The experimental setups have also shifted from scale models to real-life interior and exterior settings. Consequently, a quantitative approach has complemented the mainly qualitative approach. Through artistically based research, patterns and relationships are dealt with in complex real spaces. The findings of these studies lead to a discussion of when, why and how patterns of brightness and darkness influence spatial perceptions of dimensions. The findings also show that brightness not only contributes to our experiencing a space as more spacious than it really is, but in certain situations brightness can actually have the reverse effect. Furthermore, darkness can contribute to a spacious impression, which has hardly been discussed in previous research. What subjects regard as a space may shift between the clearly defined physical space and the perceived space, which include light zones. Light zones can create a sense of inclusion or exclusion for subjects, which affects their sense of community and their feeling of safety. Light topography, e.g. the height of luminaire positions, as well as light direction influence the way we experience the private and the public. Enclosure can, if related to visible spatial boundaries, facilitate reassurance and safety.
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| 4. |
- Rydén, Bo, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Fjärrvärmens Affärsmodeller: Slutrapport för Fjärrsynprojekt
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fjärrvärmen är en integrerad del av det framtida hållbara energisystemet, med ambitionen att i än högre grad bidra till de samhälleliga målen om låga utsläpp från uppvärmning, minskad användning av primärenergi och synergier med andra sektorer, exempelvis energiåtervinning från avfall, industrier och avloppsrening. Som produkt och bransch har fjärrvärmen gjort en betydande resa sedan starten för mer än 50 år sedan och den har genomgått en omfattande utveckling, framför allt inom teknikområdet. Nya utmaningar och förändrade omvärldsförhållanden ställer dock nya och ökade krav på fjärrvärmeaffären och fjärrvärmeföretagens affärsmodeller. Fjärrvärmens Affärsmodeller är ett tvärvetenskapligt forskningsprojekt som genomförts inom ramen för forskningsprogrammet Fjärrsyn. Projektet har pågått under 2010-2013. Målsättningen har varit att generera ny kunskap och bättre verktyg för att konkurrenskraftiga affärsmodeller skall kunna utvecklas. Syftet är att stärka fjärrvärmen, att uppmuntra affärsutveckling och att skapa resurseffektiva lösningar för framtidens hållbara energisystem, till nytta för fjärrvärmebranschen, kunderna, miljön och samhället i stort. Inom ramen för olika delstudier har vi bland annat undersökt hur fjärrvärmeföretag skapar och levererar värde, möter sina kunder, använder sina nyckelresurser, hur intäkter uppstår och hur väl organisationen utnyttjas. Vi har även analyserat de utmaningar företagen står inför, fjärrvärmeaffärens möjligheter att tackla dagens komplexa problem, liksom dess förutsättningar för att utvecklas och generera långsiktigt uthålligt värde. Denna slutrapport redovisar projektets forskningsresultat och slutsatser, samt beskriver det breda tvärvetenskapliga arbetssättet och den aktiva och omfattande kommunikation som tillämpas mellan forskningsprojektet och dess intressenter. I tre lättlästa temaböcker har projektet också redovisat resultat och metoder om hur dagens prismodeller kan utvecklas, hur kunddialogen och kundens förtroende kan stärkas och hur fjärrvärmeaffären som helhet kan utvecklas.
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| 5. |
- Hemlin, Sven, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Organizational support for innovation in biosciences: Comparing high and low performers in Sweden and Croatia
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Sociological Association, ESA 9th conference, 2-5 September, 2009, Lisbon.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a need to better understand the organizational factors influencing innovative performance. This cross-cultural study examined organizational support factors in biotech R&D groups differing in innovative performance. The objective was to twofold; first to explore how organizing influences innovativeness in R&D, and, second to examine if R&D organizing is related to nations having a low and high innovation degree, respectively. Results supported that organizing R&D as well as national innovation performance are related. Crucial organizational issues found were how much organizations encouraged innovations, the degree of perceived autonomy and to what extent organizations could supply knowledge. Some of the implications of these results are introduced.
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| 6. |
- Meiling, Pär, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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En förstudie om utmaningar och risker med transporter av farligt gods i urban miljö Case: riskområde Älvstaden i Göteborg
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Forskarna i det planerade projektet RADAR har genomfört den förstudie som redovisas här. Den visar på behov av ny kunskap om transporter av farligt gods i urban miljö. En projektansökan med Älvstaden som case är under utveckling. RADAR står för behov av ny kunskap och detektering av utmaningar och risker med transporter av farligt gods i urban miljö. Internationell forskning visar att transportolyckor i urban miljö orsakar betydande materiella skador, utsläpp av miljöfarliga ämnen, och dessvärre dödsfall (Olsson et al, 2016). Transporter av farligt gods har inte genererat några stora olyckor i Sverige (Trafikverket, 2014). Ändå inträffade 296 olyckor under perioden 2007-2012 (MSB 2014). I urban miljö ökar riskerna i och med vägnätets närhet till bostäder och verksamheter och Älvstaden i Göteborg är ett område som utgör ett tydligt exempel på detta med betydande flöden av människor och farligt gods på en liten yta. Projektet RADAR syftar till att klargöra och analytiskt beskriva risker och utmaningar med transport av farligt gods i urban miljö, och att undersöka och analysera den fysiska planeringens styrning, praktik och konflikter. Det övergripande syftet med RADAR är att bidra till nollvisionen i trafiken och ett säkrare samhälle genom att tillföra relevant kunskap som kan användas av de aktörer som har som ansvar att skydda liv, hälsa, egendom och miljö. RADAR relaterar till MSB:s strategi för forskning och utveckling – Investering i kunskap för ett säkrare samhälle, SDG 11 Hållbara städer och samhällen, och till Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030.
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| 7. |
- Johansson, Tore
(författare)
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Spänning i offentlig upphandling - Om användande av ett strategiverktyg
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tension in Public Procurement - The usage of a strategy tool: Public procurement is about public purchases, but also about sale of goods and services to the public sector. In research, public procurement is usually analyzed from a market or a transactional perspective. In contrast, this study uses a strategy-as-practice lens that focuses on the micro activities when public procurement is used as a strategy tool. Both buyers and sellers use public procurement, why public procurement as a strategy tool has potential to assist in their shared strategy work. However, if and how buyers and sellers participate in each other’s strategy work when using public procurement is unclear. The purpose of this thesis is to explore public procurement as a strategy tool and its use when buyers and sellers construct strategies. This is done by focusing on strategic work when buyers and sellers participate in public procurement. A qualitative and case-orientated approach were used to generate the empirical material, which included interviews, shadowing and documents. This study shows how public procurement as a strategy tool helps its users in their strategy work. When the tool was used, its content and the characteristics of the actor, but also practice, guided the strategy work. Three different hierarchal levels of practice were identified, why the ability to guide was determined by the level of detail and the scope of the practice. When constructing strategies, public procurement as a strategy tool emphasized managing information and strategy production. As a result, collecting information, identifying and sorting factors, were the core activities of strategic work. Strategy production was about managing positions and strategic factors. Three categories of factors were identified. Buyers and sellers did participate in each other's activities when constructing strategies, if they were given the opportunity and if they had something to gain from it. The parties' motives and characteristics, but also their perceived relational closeness, determined the design of the interaction and work. For practitioners, the use of public procurement as a strategy tool can contribute to align and make strategic work visible in relation to what is of strategic value.
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| 8. |
- Meiling, Pär, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Physical planning of transport of dangerous goods in urban context as information environment
- 2021
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Ingår i: The 18th Scandinavian Workshop on E-Government (SWEG) 2021.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this research in progress is to explore the process of physical planning related to transport of dangerous goods in the City of Gothenburg (CoG) in Sweden. We have identified actors involved, some of their conflicts of interest, and challenges discernable in the planning process and in external yet related activities. Such activities are transportation of dangerous goods itself, and its supervisory control. Qualitative data in terms of written documentation from the detailed plan for transport of dangerous goods in CoG, and transcriptions of interviews have been analyzed. The ontology of the planning process, in terms of internal and external actors, activities, documentation, including legal frameworks, and issues such as access to information, information sharing, and information quality, indicate that the process can be seen as an information environment (Magoulas and Pessi, 1998; Hugosson, Magoulas, and Pessi, 2011). In the next step, the authors intend to expand the research work, and to conceptualize the planning process as an information environment. Stimulated by the idea of possible similarities between the planning process and large architectural design projects, the information environment is planned to be studied as form, context, and temporality (Boland, et al., 2008 and 2020). The research relates to the zero vision in traffic and a safer society (Trafikutskottet, 1998), strategy for research and development - Investing in knowledge for a safer society (MSB 2019), SDG 11 Sustainable cities and communities, and to the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030. This paper reports on research executed within the transdisciplinary research project Transparent information management and collaboration for increased safety in the transport of dangerous goods (TISS, 2016-2021).
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| 9. |
- Player-Koro, Catarina, et al.
(författare)
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Production of knowledge of teachers’ professional work in the digital platforms infrastructures of schools – the problem of locating and defining the ethnographic field
- 2022
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Ingår i: Oxford Ethnography and Education Conference, 12-14 September 2022, Oxford, England.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Constructing a field has always been a necessary and difficult task for ethnographers. As been argued by for instance by Burrell (2009), defining the nature and boundaries of an empirical field are key for the ethnographic process. In an effort to identify and bound fields and make ethnographies recognizable in relation to each other, a plethora of prefixes for the word ethnography have emerged. Types of ethnography have been minted such as critical- and institutional ethnography, and since the emergence of digital cultures attempts to define fields or approaches to ethnography as having specific characteristics have flourished (Hammersley, 2018). Prefixes such as digital, network and trace have emerged, indicating lineages from earlier forms of ethnography and attempts to articulate distinct sets of methods. In practice, however, many of these prefixes are used interchangeably and the differences between forms of ethnography can have little significance. One area that, distinctions between different forms of ethnography have significance, however, is in limiting or at least complicating the task of defining the kind of ethnography that one is engaged in as one works with an empirical situation that may not necessarily fit nicely in to one definition or another. One such situation is the focus of our work in a Swedish project that examines the possibilities and constraints in teachers’ work with a specific focus on how teachers regulate and are regulated by the digital infrastructure and technologies embedded both in schools and classrooms and in teachers’ everyday life outside school. Based on that situation, the aim of this paper is to examine the problem of locating and defining the empirical field in relation to different forms of ethnography. The backdrop for the study is the strong political and economic push for school digitization in Europe and other parts of the world. It forms part of a global technology market and platform economy where internet platform businesses make up the major part and reach into the core of schools’ everyday work. As a consequence, teachers’ now work in classrooms and schools that are inextricably embedded and inseparable to the employment of digital technologies. The ‘new’ normality of teachers is to be constantly connected to the schools’ digital systems that has expanded teachers’ work across space and time and resulted in the creation of new digital work practices. Findings: In our results we will present a reflexive critique of our own ethnographic engagement with school administrators, principals and teachers in Swedish upper secondary school. This involved collections of different kinds of policy, mapping of infrastructure, combined with participant observation, teachers’ self-report of online and offline work, interviews and focus-group interviews. Contribution to education/ethnography: Our intention is to make a contribution to the ongoing discussion of doing ethnography in the hybrid world where home and field are no longer neatly separated and where the distinction between on- and offline is blurred and overlapping. Burrell, J. (2009). The field site as a network: A strategy for locating ethnographic research. Field methods, 21(2), 181-199. Hammersley, M. (2018). What is ethnography? Can it survive? Should it?. Ethnography and Education, 13(1), 1-17.
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| 10. |
- Player-Koro, Catarina, et al.
(författare)
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Teacher’s adaptation to cycles of digital platform procurement: tensions between local professional work and global imaginaries of efficiency and governance
- 2022
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Ingår i: Paper for the Nordic Educational Research Association NERA, 1-3 June 2022, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper examines cycles of digital platform procurement in the context of the marketized educational sector in Sweden. It focuses on how teachers’ work is structured by these cycles, the digital platforms they result in, and the political and administrative regulations that guide them. More specifically, our interest is in understanding the consequences of disruptions caused by the recurring periods of procurement and implementation that school administrations and teachers must adapt to. The purpose is to explore and problematize tensions including those between the functionalities and experiences promised by platform providers and those actually delivered, and those associated with the time and effort required to engage in the often complex and uncertain work of restructuring routines to the logics instantiated in a new digital platform. In the Swedish context, platform technology has increasingly taken on the role of an infrastructure, sociotechnically connecting clouds, software, people, and data (Plantin et al., 2018). This “platformization” comes with the business logic of platform capitalism (Srnicek, 2017), profiting on the individuals’ data production while positioned as making workplaces more efficient. While this logic has been well-articulated, research on how teachers’ working conditions and routines are changing in relation is relatively scarce (Bergviken Rensfeldt, Hillman, Selwyn, 2018; Selwyn, 2020; Selwyn, Nemorin & Johnson, 2017; Shulte, 2019). This study builds on analyses of tensions that have already been identified in relation to school reforms more generally as existing between the regulating principles of market efficiency and governance and the working conditions in the teaching profession (Anderson & Cohen, 2015; Ball, 2003; Lundström & Parding, 2011). The analysis presented is situated in relation to a politico-economic push for school digitalization that has been a decades-long process, both on a global scale and within the Nordic countries. It contributes to the body of work showing how digital platforms such as Learning Management Systems commonly provided by global technology companies like Google and Microsoft restructure everyday workplace technologies in schools according to the imagery of global platform infrastructures. As part of a larger project on digitalization and teachers’ working conditions, empirical material was collected through ethnographic engagement with school administrators and teachers in an upper secondary school while they became acquainted with and restructured their routines for a new Learning Management System. This involved policy and infrastructure ethnography, combined with participant observation and trace ethnography of teachers’ online and offline work.
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