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- Ovesen, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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When Every Household is an Island - Social Organization and Power Structures in Rural Cambodia
- 1996
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cambodia has had an unusually turbulent history during the last 30 years. From being a relatively quiet colonial backwater under the French, the country was hurled into the postwar political struggles in Indochina. In the 1970s it was subject to one of the most drastic revolutionary experiments ever attempted, under the leadership of Pol Pot and his 'Khmer Rouges'. The atrocities and social upheavals which characterized that period have left profound impacts on the contemporary society, impacts that are still imperfectly analyzed and assessed. Sweden has been actively engaged in assistance to Cambodia since 1979, to begin with through emergency relief, and later as development aid. The present study has the character of an anthropological survey of the social situation in the Cambodian countryside. Very little social science research has been carried out on location in rural Cambodia, and as part of its planning of a country strategy, the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) commissioned a study of social organization and power structures in rural Cambodia. The book is based primarily on studies of the existing literature, supplemented by a brief fieldwork in rural environment. It is meant as a first inventory of problems and prospects that may hopefully be of some use for development planners as well as for academic researchers. The authors are two anthropologists and one development researcher.
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| 4. |
- Eastmond, Marita, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Revisiting a 'Repatriation Success': The Case of Cambodia
- 1998
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Ingår i: The End of the Refugee Cycle? - Refugee Repatriation and Reconstruction. - Oxford : Berghahn Books. - 9781571819871 ; , s. 38-55
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In various parts of the world, and throughout the twentieth century, the transition from conflict to peace has led to the repatriation of exiles to their countries of origin (Coles 1985). Over recent decades, increases in the world's refugee and asylum-seeking populations have led to an increase in the number of people going back to their countries of origin at the end of war and conflict.1 The visibility of such moves is also growing. The laws of migration are such that every outward movement generates a back flow and there is research which suggests that this might be proportional, varying with flows of different magnitude and under different circumstances. This logic means that increases in returns from coercive war-related migration will also be associated with earlier increases in outward movements.
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| 5. |
- Öjendal, Joakim, 1962
(författare)
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Conflict and Cooperation over Shared Water Resources - In Search of Security for the Lower Mekong River Basin
- 1997
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The assumption in the thesis is that water has been a common good which is becoming scarce, therefore, it is fought over by many different actual and potential users. Water is, moreover, a life necessity which renders it, in the face of shortage, into a conflict prone issue. The purpose of the thesis is to clarify the risks for conflict and potential for development stemming from the use of the water resources of the Mekong River. The thesis draws on theoretical debates on the conditions for, and consequences of, water sharing and water utilization. The dimension of sharing or non-sharing is highlighted on the regional level, and the dimension of large versus small scale strategies is focused on the sub-national level.
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| 7. |
- Öjendal, Joakim, 1962
(författare)
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Mainland Southeast Asia: Co-operation or Conflict over Water?
- 1995
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Ingår i: Hydropolitics: Conflicts Over Water as a Development Constraint. - London : Zed Books. - 9781856493314 ; , s. 149-177
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The lack of fresh water is now recognised as one of the world's main sources of conflict. Some 26 countries are already classified as water scarce, and this - as Israel, Southern California and even the Netherlands know - is not a problem confined to the South. This original overview addresses two major themes: water availability as a constraint on development, and water scarcity as a source of international conflict. It presents original case studies from three continents and argues for the development of wholly new perceptions, ethical assumptions and strategies relating to water management for the future.
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| 8. |
- Öjendal, Joakim, 1962
(författare)
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Regionalization in East Asia Pacific? An Elusive Process
- 1997
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This is a state-of-the-art report prepared within the UNU/WIDER project The New Regionalism and the International System - Implications for Development and Security, covering East and Southeast Asia. The report constitutes an initial inventory study on regionalization incentives and prospects and is arranged around the three themes of economic development, regional security and ecological problems. It is basically a study of secondary material with an extensive bibliography. The aim of the report is, first, to provide a survey of recent literature regarding regionalization and regional cooperation in East Asia in general and in Southeast Asia in particular, and, second, to review a number of historical and contemporary debates in regard to the potential regionalization process in East Asia-Pacific in general and in Southeast Asia in particular. To satisfy these vast aims, the report therefore tries to give the reader advice on where to find further readings. The UNU/WIDER project mentioned above acknowledges a number of new features of regional cooperation in the world and the theoretical point of departure for this report - as well as for the larger research programme of which it is a part - is the new regionalism which, it is argues, goes beyond the more traditional debates on regional cooperation. It attempts to display signs of multidimensionality and 'from within approaches. These tendencies are explored and described through discussions on concepts such as open regionalism and new regionalism. The report takes note of recent literature on world regionalization before it lists the most important regional initiatives in East and Southeast Asia. It observes the current imbalance between drastically increased regional economic interactivity coupled with the absence of, or very low keyed, political mechanisms for handling this situation. It argues that there is a need for enhanced political/security cooperation in order to sustain the current transformation process in East and Southeast Asia. Increased regional cooperation on a wide range might be the answer to this question. The report elaborates here on what a maximalist and minimalist approach to regionalization would mean. A version of the maximalist approach could be a developed APEC, while the minimalist version is an extended ASEAN; it is likely that somewhere in between these poles, we will find a future, deepened, regional cooperation. The report reviews various East and Southeast Asian debates pertinent to the question of regionalization. The underlying factors for further regionalization are mentioned briefly for East Asia and, in somewhat more detail, for Southeast Asia before a number of scenarios are discussed and a tentative conclusion is drawn. The report concludes that there are hectic activities in terms of regionalization in East and Southeast Asia. There are, however, severe obstacles to institutionalized regionalization. This does not necessarily stop the process, but rather makes it uncertain in terms of its scope, depth and future direction. The conclusion also gives prominence to a number of key questions such as: the pivotal relation between the US and Japan, the relation between Japan and Southeast Asia, the extension of ASEAN to Indochina and the nature and degree of Asian exclusiveness in any East Asian regional cooperation formula.
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- Öjendal, Joakim, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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The Mighty Mekong Mystery: A Study on Problems And Possibilities of the Natural Resources Utilization in the Lower Mekong River Basin
- 1997
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The South East Asian region faces a steadily inreasing preesure on its water resources. The ongoing rapid economic development in the region in combination with continued growth of the population with further concentrations to urban centres presents a steadily growing demand for water. A large part of the water resources in the region are carried by the Mekong River and offers a spectrum of both present and future potential risks for conflicts regarding utilisation/exploitation rigths-and needs-of not only the water itself but also other related natural resources on which peoples livelihoods depend.
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