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- Karlsson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Nuclear Waste, Risks andSustainable Development
- 2006
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Ingår i: VALDOR 2006. - Stockholm : Statensk kärnkraftsinspektion. - 9163188767 ; , s. 257-330
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Carlberg, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Weak Convection Influencing Radial Segregation
- 2000
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Ingår i: European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP. - : European Space Agency. ; , s. 431-436, s. 431-436
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The influence of weak convection, caused by surface tension forces, on radial segregation occuring in crystals grown under microgravity conditions is studied in a project involving both numerical simulations and space experiments. The geometry studied is a Bridgman configuration with a partially coated surface. Small slots in the coating give free surface in a controlled way, and the free surface area is the parameter in the investigation. The experiments will be performed in a GAS module, which will be flown in the beginning of year 2001. The paper presents the experimental technique in detail as well as some results obtained during the development phase. Numerical simulations have been performed and results of how the radial segregation varies with the convection level will be presented. The project is the first phase of a research program, which will continue with experiments in the ISS.
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- Ssenku, J. E., et al.
(författare)
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Phytoremediation potential of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. for heavy metal-polluted and heavy metal-degraded environments
- 2017
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Ingår i: Phytoremediation Potential of Bioenergy Plants. - Singapore : Springer. - 9789811030833 - 9789811030840 ; , s. 189-209
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Regeneration of heavy metal-polluted and heavy metal-degraded sites has remained a global challenge despite the existence of numerous conventional physico-chemical techniques that can be applied. In view of the large size of the degraded areas and the cost implications, the application of the inexpensive “green” and sustainable technique of phytoremediation is unrivalled by any other possible alternative techniques. However, its effectiveness is largely dependent on judicious selection of the plant to be used. We thus assessed the suitability of Leucaena leucocephala for phytoremediation of heavy metal-polluted and heavy metal-degraded sites. L. leucocephala has numerous inherent characteristics that can be exploited to augment phytoremediation and lower the cost of regeneration. The species can survive in harsh environmental conditions with the exception of heavily frosted conditions and occurs in a wide range of ecological settings. The species is fast growing, capable of reaching maturity in 6 to 7 months to produce a vast amount of seeds that can germinate into numerous seedlings to carry on further remediation of the polluted site. It can produce large quantities of phytomass that can accumulate heavy metals and can repeatedly be harvested to regenerate a polluted area through phytoextraction. Heavy metal-laden phytomass of L. leucocephala moulds into furniture and is used for construction to preclude contamination at the site of use. It is excellent on coppicing, thus eliminating the costs of replanting during the phytoremediation programme. The species is endowed with high proficiency for nitrogen fixation through nodule formation and can substantially revitalize microbial mass and micro-bioactivities to pave way for re-establishment of self-sustaining plant communities over the polluted sites. Its flexibility to nodulate with rhizobia of other legumes and its rhizobia to nodulate with other legumes could optimize nitrogen content revitalization of the polluted soils. However, the species is invasive and could be adopted under stringent measures to avoid its spread. It is also very palatable to animals and may thus be of limited application in the phytoremediation of areas accessible to animals. Suitability of the species in heavily polluted areas is minimal as many of the inherent characteristics may not fully be expressed.
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- Nilsson, Mats E., et al.
(författare)
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Perceptual validation of auralized road traffic noise
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Inter-Noise 2011. - Osaka, Japan : The Institute of Noise Control Engineering of Japan and the Acoustical Society of Japan. ; 4, s. 3453-3460
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Auralization of road-traffic noise may be a useful tool for city planning, for instance as a support to decisions regarding noise mitigation. However, to be useful, the auralizations need to be perceptually valid. That is, the auralized sounds should be perceptually indistinguishable from real sounds or, at least, similar with respect to perceptual factors crucial for correct decisions. For this reason, the auralization methodology developed in the Swedish LISTEN-project was perceptually evaluated. In four listening experiments, listeners assessed recordings and auralizations of the same car passages. Although real and auralized sounds were not completely indistinguishable, perfect discrimination was not possible. Moreover, good agreements between auralized and real sounds were found for perceived similarity, perceived annoyance and perceived speed. The results illustrate the usefulness of psychoacoustic methods and multivariate statistics for perceptual evaluation of auralizations and provide support for the validity of the LISTEN-approach to auralization.
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- Falkenberg Hansen, Kjetil, 1972-
(författare)
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The acoustics and performance of DJ scratching, Analysis and modelling
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis focuses on the analysis and modeling of scratching, in other words, the DJ (disk jockey) practice of using the turntable as a musical instrument. There has been experimental use of turntables as musical instruments since their invention, but the use is now mainly ascribed to the musical genre hip-hop and the playing style known as scratching. Scratching has developed to become a skillful instrument-playing practice with complex musical output performed by DJs. The impact on popular music culture has been significant, and for many, the DJ set-up of turntables and a mixer is now a natural instrument choice for undertaking a creative music activity. Six papers are included in this thesis, where the first three approach the acoustics and performance of scratching, and the second three approach scratch modeling and the DJ interface. Additional studies included here expand on the scope of the papers. For the acoustics and performance studies, DJs were recorded playing both demonstrations of standard performance techniques, and expressive performances on sensor-equipped instruments. Analysis of the data revealed that there are both differences and commonalities in playing strategies between musicians, and between expressive intentions. One characteristic feature of scratching is the range of standard playing techniques, but in performances it seems DJs vary the combination of playing techniques more than the rendering of these techniques. The third study describes some of the acoustic parameters of typical scratch improvisations and looks at which musical parameters are typically used for expressive performances. Extracted acoustic and performance parameters from the data show the functional ranges within which DJs normally play. Unlike traditional musical instruments, the equipment used for scratching was not intended to be used for creating music. The interface studies focus on traditional as well as new interfaces for DJs, where parameter mappings between input gestures and output signal are described. Standard performance techniques have been modeled in software called Skipproof, based on results from the first papers. Skipproof was used for testing other types of controllers than turntables, where complex DJ gestures could be manipulated using simplified control actions, enabling even non-experts to play expressively within the stylistic boundaries of DJ scratching. The last paper describes an experiment of using an existing hardware platform, the Reactable, to help designing and prototyping the interaction between different sound models and instrument interfaces, including scratching and Skipproof. In addition to the included papers, studies were conducted of expressivity, description of the emotional contents of scratching, DJ playing activities, and the coupling between playing techniques and sample. The physical affordances of the turntable, mixer and samples, as well as genre conventions of hip-hop, are assumed to explain some of the findings that distinguish scratching from other instrumental sounds or practices.
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