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| 2. |
- Olin Lauritzen, Sonja, et al.
(författare)
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Introduktion : Vardagsvärlden och medicinen
- 2004
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Ingår i: När människan möter medicinen. - Stockholm : Carlsson. - 9172036052 - 91 7203 605 2 ; , s. 9-29
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Svenaeus, Fredrik
(författare)
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Fronesis - en hermeneutisk dygd
- 2003
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Ingår i: Erfarenhetens rum och vägar. - Botkyrka : Mångkulturellt centrum. - 9188560783 ; , s. 61-74
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Svenaeus, Fredrik
(författare)
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Sjukdomens mening : det medicinska mötets fenomenologi och hermeneutik
- 2003
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- När läkare och andra som arbetar i vården möter sina patienter står de inför den svåra uppgiften att försöka förstå och hjälpa människor som lider på många olika sätt och av många olika anledningar. Detta är ett tolkningsarbete som kräver stor kunskap och erfarenhet av lyssnandets konst. I tider av tilltagande biologisering är det viktigt att peka på hur sjukdomen rymmer många olika dimensioner. Den sjuka människan lever i ett samhälle och en kultur som präglar hennes upplevelser. Kropp, tanke och känsla är sammanvävda i livet med sjukdomen. Sjukdomar är berättelser på samma gång som de är fysiologiska tillstånd. Utifrån fenomenologin och hermeneutiken, två besläktade filosofiska tanketraditioner, tillhandahåller författaren teorier om sjukdomars natur och mötet med den sjuka människan som kastar nytt ljus över den medicinska praktiken. De förankras i den kliniska vardagen genom fallbeskrivningar om personer med ett vitt spektrum av vanliga tillstånd och sjukdomar: utmattningsdepression, influensa, diabetes, huvudvärk, prostatacancer, ryggproblem, posttraumatiskt stressyndrom och hjärnblödning. Boken är framför allt avsedd att användas på läkarutbildningen i kurser i patientkommunikation och i medicinens filosofi och etik. Den är även av intresse inom andra vårdutbildningar och för alla som vill veta mer om sjukdomars mening, ett ämne som blir mer och mer aktuellt i vår samhällsdebatt.
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| 6. |
- Svenaeus, Fredrik, 1966-
(författare)
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The hermeneutics of medicine and the phenomenology of health : steps towards a philosophy of medical practice
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study is an attempt to develop an ontology and epistemology of medicine with the aid of the philosophical theories of phenomenology and hermeneutics. Medicine, in this work, is considered to be a particular form of practice with a certain intersubjective structure, rather than an assembly of scientific theories and technologies applied in the clinic. To be more precise, medicine is suggested to be an interpretive, helping meeting between two persons - doctor or other health-care professional and patient - the goal of which is health for the ill, help-seeking party. Phenomenology and hermeneutics, mainly in the forms developed by Martin Heidegger and Hans-Georg Gadamer, are then used to more fully understand what is meant by an interpretive, helping meeting and by its goal - health. Health is characterized with the aid of the phenomenology of Heidegger, developed in his main work Sein und Zeit, as homelike being-in-the-world. Its opposite, illness, is explicated as an attunement (Befindlichkeit) of unhomelikeness, lived through every aspect of the being-in-the-world of Dasein, from body to language, and thus penetrating the entire understanding of the ill person. Medical practice, having the goal of establishing homelikeness in the patient's being-in-the-world, is then laid out, with the help of a reading of Gadamer's Wahrbeit und Methode, as a dialogic, interpretive coming together of the two different lifeworld horizons of doctor and patient. The two parties of the meeting must through this process of gradual fusion of horizons ultimately reach a to some extent shared understanding, which results in a therapeutic decision. The hermeneutics of medicine is thus, to speak with Gadamer, an applicative hermeneutics - a kind of understanding and interpretation put to work in a certain setting with a specific goal. This attentive, dialogic, goal-directed hermeneutics of medicine is shown, not to exclude, but to envelop the explanations, predictions and therapies of modern medical science. The philosophical analysis in this study is carried out through the illustrative use of clinical examples. Through choosing common types of illnesses and medical encounters, strategically placed in different paradigmatic corners of the clinical territory - streptococcal infection, chronic fatigue syndrome, prostate cancer, diabetes and stroke - the author has attempted to encompass as much as possible of the vast and diverse area of clinical practice.
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| 7. |
- Gunnarson, Martin
(författare)
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Please Be Patient : A Cultural Phenomenological Study of Haemodialysis and Kidney Transplantation Care
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis examines the practice of haemodialysis and kidney transplantation, the two medical therapies available for persons with kidney failure, from a phenomenological perspective. A basic assumption made in the thesis is that contemporary biomedicine is deeply embedded in the cultural, historical, economic, and political circumstances provided by the particular local, national, and transnational contexts in which it is practiced. The aim of the thesis is twofold. On the one hand, the aim is to examine the forms of person- and patienthood enacted and negotiated in haemodialysis and kidney transplantation care and in the daily lives of persons with kidney failure. On the other hand, the aim is to investigate the ways in which the enacted and negotiated forms of person- and patienthood are culturally embedded and normatively charged. In order to examine and investigate this twofold aim, an empirical material has been gathered that comprises observations and in-depth interviews with patients and caregivers at four haemodialysis units, one in Riga, Latvia, and three in Stockholm, Sweden. The theoretical approach and methodology of the study is cultural and phenomenological in character, drawing on an ethnological and anthropological understanding of culture as processual and relational, and on a phenomenological understanding of personhood as embodied and intertwined with the surrounding world. The thesis shows that patients’ encounters and attempts to deal with the diagnoses and treatments associated with kidney failure are complex and often misalign them with the normatively charged orientations enacted and recommended by medicine. The complex situation that emerges when they undergo transplantation, for example, stands in stark contrast to the widespread official view of organ transplantation as a self-evidently health-bringing and normalising therapy. Through their repeated and extensive experiences of undergoing haemodialysis and living with the disease, patients eventually become able to create a synthesis between their lived experiences of their own body and their body as a medical object – what in the thesis is called a ‘sick body’ – a synthesis that allows them to reorient themselves in life and experience a sense of direction. This process relies, to a large extent, on the temporal structure that haemodialysis affords life; it is by repeatedly undergoing the treatment that patients become able to create a sick body. Even so, many of them find this temporal structure problematic; they experience it as disruptive of their control and future-orientedness and as causing an existentially difficult-to-handle boredom. The thesis also shows that the political developments and the norms prevalent in the two national contexts studied greatly affect the orientations of the treatment practices and the participants’ lives. In both Riga and Stockholm, ideals of freedom, activity, control, and self-actualisation influence what forms of patienthood and personhood are enacted. The study indicates that persons who fall ill with a serious and chronic disease only gradually become able to understand and actively cope with their differently embodied circumstances of life. This suggests that medical professionals should not too hastily enlist their patients as experts on their own bodies, but rather provide them with the time and support necessary for making repeated attempts at creating and maintaining a life with a sick body.
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| 8. |
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The Body as Gift, Resource, and Commodity : Exchanging Organs, Tissues, and Cells in the 21st Century
- 2012. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Departing from three metaphors—the body as gift, resource, and commodity—the book explores the contemporary exchange of organs, tissues, and cells. Although the gift is the sanctioned metaphor for donating parts of the body, the underlying perspective from the side of states, authorities, and the medical establishment often seems to be that the body shall be understood as a resource. But medicine, as some of the contributors to this book show, is not sealed off from the market economy. Increasingly, therefore, body parts become commodities on legal as well as illegal markets.The chapters of the book are arranged in a way that presents, one after the other, the three metaphors of the body, starting with the body as gift, proceeding by way of the body as resource, and ending in the body as commodity. Although all three metaphors as ways of conceptualizing and making use of the human body can be found throughout human history, the present drive of commercialization will increasingly force us to identify and scrutinize the way these metaphors are used. Not only in addressing the fascinating question of what kind of an object (subject) the human body is, but also in trying to decipher what interests lurk behind the use of the metaphors in question when claiming that human bodies, organs, tissues, and cells are gifts, resources or commodities. The ambition of this volume is to address and remedy the need of a hermeneutics not only of depth, but also of suspicion, in the case of organ transplantation and other medical technologies involving the transfer of human tissues and cells.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Seniuk, Patrick
(författare)
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Encountering Depression In-Depth : An existential-phenomenological approach to selfhood, depression, and psychiatric practice
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation in Theory of Practical Knowledge contends that depression is a disorder of the self. Using the existential-phenomenology of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, I argue that if we want to disclose the basic structure of depressed experience, then we must likewise disclose how selfexperience is inseparable from depressed experience. However, even though depression is a contemporary psychiatric category of illness, it is nevertheless a historically and heterogenous concept.To make sense of depression in the context of contemporary psychiatric practice, I show that depression has historically been characterized by two broad models of causation; that is, a phenomenon that is causally explained by either a biological dysfunction or a psychological conflict. But this stark characterization is not limited just to history; by conducting qualitative interviews with psychiatric professionals, I illustrate how this causal dichotomy remains prevalent in contemporary psychiatric practice. On one hand, the clinicians report dissatisfaction with the depression diagnostic criteria (i.e. it is impersonal or vague), while on the other hand, the clinicians also recognize that a depression diagnosis is useful insofar as a diagnosis facilitates access to various resources associated with psychiatric care. Consequently, clinicians have developed a coping strategy that is witnessed in their empathetic desire to distance patients from their depression diagnosis, which led to statements such as, “you are not the problem, the problem is depression.” One consequence of this approach is that depression is artificially cleaved from the person who experiences depression, which subsequently means that depression is viewed to be something independent of oneself.Because I argue that depression and the self are mutually implicated, it is crucial to disseminate some of the most influential contemporary models of selfhood. I show that the brainbound, situated, psychological, and narrative model of self, all have respective strengths and weaknesses. But I also go beyond these models and characterize selfhood as a developmental phenomenon that is expressed as an embodied-style. This style reflects the way in which we establish perceptual contact with the otherness, without which there could be no self-experience.
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