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- Spjut, Lina, 1978-
(författare)
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Att (ut)bilda ett folk : Nationell och etnisk gemenskap i Sveriges och Finlands svenskspråkiga läroböcker för folk- och grundskola åren 1866-2016
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this comparative study, elementary school textbooks in history, geography and social science/civics from Sweden and Finland 1866 – 2016 are analysed and compared. The focus is textbooks’ expressions of imagined communities, identification and common history. The study has an asymmetric design, because the textbooks are all written in Swedish for pupils in a Swedish majority population in Sweden and a Finland-Swede minority population in Finland.The aim is to contribute a deeper understanding of textbooks’ role in creating and teaching imagined communities. Research questions focus on how imagined communities are mediated in textbooks and results are compared between Sweden and Finland and over time, and on similarities and differences in offered communities expressed through concepts and use of history. The thesis also raises questions about how present needs affect textbooks’ interpretations of the past and what that signifies. Theory and method are inspired by Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis. The theoretical framework is typologies of use of history, and the textbooks have been contextualised through the contexts of school, curricula, politics, minorities, language policies and history culture. The textbooks’ development over time, between contexts and between school subjects are compared at all levels throughout the study.Results show that textbooks have had, and still have a role in creating and educating pupils into national and ethnical identities; this is seen over the entire period of time studied, though with different approaches according to the school subject and country. Even though ethnical and nationalistic narratives are more implicit today, they are still visible in current textbooks.
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| 2. |
- Spjut, Lina, 1978-
(författare)
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Den envise bonden och Nordens fransmän : svensk och finsk etnicitet samt nationell historieskrivning i svenska och finlandssvenska läroböcker 1866-1939
- 2014
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sweden and Finland were one country for more than 600 years and there are many remaining links between the two countries. Throughout the period, but even today there are Swedish and Finnish populations on both sides of the Gulf of Bothnia. When Russia conquered the Finnish part of the country in 1809, the state and its population were separated and the situations for the language groups changed and developed differently in Sweden and Finland. During the period studied in this thesis, 1866-1939, a new type of nation emerged in Europe, based on versions of nationalism constructed on ethnicity and language. Elementary schools played an important role in this nation building, spreading the mother language and the nation’s history. Elementary school textbooks were designed in relation to nation building, language and ethnic identification. The thesis compares how Swedish and Finland-Swedish textbooks describe ethnicity and common history in Sweden and Finland in a period of nationalism.The main aim of the thesis is to compare how two textbooks-traditions describes their Swedish and Finnish populations and if, or how, the textbook history is to be seen as related to these descriptions. The textbooks examined were written for elementary schools from 1866-1939 to be used in the teaching of history and geography. The research question focuses on descriptions of Swedes and Finns and whether it is possible to see differences in the nation’s historiography. Patterns of reproduction or transformation are also analysed in the textbooks.In the study 105 textbooks were examined and the quotations from the textbooks connected to the aim are sorted and analysed using Critical Discourse Analysis. The results show that Finns are rendered invisible in Swedish history textbooks. The geography textbooks describe Swedes as cultural and civilised with a peace-loving national character, while Finns are described as uncultured, peripheral and stubborn. This pattern is similar in Swedish and Finland-Swedish geography textbooks. At the beginning of the study it is a positive stubbornness, portrayed as brave and truthful to Sweden. Later on, the stubborn Finn is described negatively as old-fashioned and clinging to old habits. The Swede´s are described as more flexible through time; they have refined their national character and developed cultivation and democracy. The historiography differs in what is described, and how. One example is that the Finns´ contribution to the common country is quite hard to find in the textbooks. Swedish textbooks also seem to want to steal the honour from any Finnish success by placing Swedish ethnicity before Finnish national identity in cases where Swedish-speaking Finns have done great things. These types of descriptions are both reproduced and transformed as the actual relations between Finland and Sweden change and it is obvious that textbook history does not tell about the past but rather the story that the present wants to propagate.
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