| 1. |
- Sterner, Thomas, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Policy design for the Anthropocene
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Sustainability. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2398-9629. ; 2, s. 14-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019, Springer Nature Limited. Today, more than ever, ‘Spaceship Earth’ is an apt metaphor as we chart the boundaries for a safe planet1. Social scientists both analyse why society courts disaster by approaching or even overstepping these boundaries and try to design suitable policies to avoid these perils. Because the threats of transgressing planetary boundaries are global, long-run, uncertain and interconnected, they must be analysed together to avoid conflicts and take advantage of synergies. To obtain policies that are effective at both international and local levels requires careful analysis of the underlying mechanisms across scientific disciplines and approaches, and must take politics into account. In this Perspective, we examine the complexities of designing policies that can keep Earth within the biophysical limits favourable to human life.
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| 2. |
- Kåberger, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Economic Efficiency of Compulsory Green electricity Quotas In Sweden
- 2004
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Ingår i: Energy and Environment. - : Multi-Science Publishing. - 0958-305X .- 2048-4070. ; 15:4, s. 675-697
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Green certificates are not an efficient as a measure to correct for the effect of environmental external costs of fossil fuels and nuclear power. Nor are they efficient as a measure to create markets for new electricity supply technologies.Removing subsidies and introducing environmental taxes on energy sources with undesired external effects more efficiently corrects for incurred environmental costs. It appears that guaranteed feed-in tariffs are a more efficient policy instrument to promote the industrialisation of technologies for new sustainable sources of electricity.Alternatively, the certificate scheme could be reformed in a number of ways to improve performance. However decisions to change or abolish the instrument cannot be taken lightly since instrument stability is very important for the credibility of future policy.
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| 3. |
- Rääf, Christopher, et al.
(författare)
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Restoring areas after a radioactive fallout : A multidisciplinary study on decontamination
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. - : Elsevier. - 0265-931X .- 1879-1700. ; 270
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Land remediation is an important part of restoration measures after a radioactive fallout containing long-lived fission products such as 137Cs. In this multidisciplinary study, we focused on three main issues related to remediation of contaminated urban areas. First, we assessed how much decontamination contributes to reducing resident radiation exposure and how much this reduction depends on the timing of implemented measures. Second, we calculated direct and indirect costs of decontamination in an industrialized country such as Sweden. Finally, in a survey study, we considered reactions of Swedish citizens to being given the hypothetical option of moving to a site decontaminated after radioactive fallout and how this predicted response might influence the design of contingency plans. The main findings are that clean-up operations must be done within the first few years after a fallout to contribute significantly to reducing residual dose. If conducted within 1-2 years, large-scale decontamination can, on average, avert 20-200 manSv per km2 residential area and unit ground deposition of 137Cs (1 MBq). The estimated direct costs (in 2020 purchasing power) would amount to 100 million Euro per km2 decontaminated residential area (comparable to Japanese estimates after the Fukushima accident), generating 39,000 m3 of radioactive waste on average, mainly in the form of 137Cs-contaminated topsoil. In our survey study of 2291 Swedish respondents about their willingness to return to decontaminated homes, women, families with resident children, and high-income earners exhibited more skepticism about returning, even if authorities were to deem it safe. The demographic pattern in attitudes was similar to that found among evacuees in the Fukushima prefecture after 2011. We conclude that predefined ranges of measured 137Cs ground deposition can be used as guidance for rescue leaders in the early post-accident phase in long-term planning for affected areas. This planning should include timing and intensity of decontamination measures, duration of evacuation, and risk communication to citizens. Because some citizens expressed both high risk perception and risk aversion, however, timely and dialogic communication is unlikely to limit a shift after the incident to an older and more male-dominated population composition. There is a risk that those who can afford to do so will move away, whereas people whose wealth is locked in property (houses or businesses) will feel stuck. Perceptions of unfairness may fray the social fabric and complicate resettlement, which in some cases may mean inefficient outlay of decontamination costs. We believe that the issue of monetary compensation to affected residents requires priority in future work.
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| 4. |
- Fischer, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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How Should Support for Climate-Friendly Technologies Be Designed?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 41:1, s. 33-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stabilizing global greenhouse gas concentrations at levels to avoid significant climate risks will require massive ‘‘decarbonization’’ of all the major economies over the next few decades, in addition to the reduced emissions from other GHGs and carbon sequestration. Achieving the necessary scale of emissions reductions will require a multifaceted policy effort to support a broad array of technological and behavioral changes. Change on this scale will require sound, well-thought-out strategies. In this article, we outline some core principles, drawn from recent social science research, for guiding the design of clean technology policies, with a focus on energy. The market should be encouraged to make good choices: pricing carbon emissions and other environmental damage, removing distorting subsidies and barriers to competition, and supporting RD&D broadly. More specific policies are required to address particular market failures and barriers. For those technologies identified as being particularly
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| 5. |
- Coria, Jessica, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Services Provision: A Tale of Confused Objectives, Multiple Market Failures and Policy Challenges
- 2014
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Ingår i: Handbook on the Economics of Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity'. - Belgium : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 978 1 78195 151 4 - 9781781951514
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent years, there has been a marked proliferation in the literature on economic approaches to ecosystem management, which has created a subsequent need for real understanding of the scope and the limits of the economic approaches to ecosystems and biodiversity. Within this Handbook, carefully commissioned original contributions from acknowledged experts in the field address the new concepts and their applications, identify knowledge gaps and provide authoritative recommendations.
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| 6. |
- Mukanjari, Samson, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Coordinated Carbon Taxes or Tightened NDCs: Distributional Implications of Two Options for Climate Negotiations
- 2023
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Ingår i: Q Open. - 2633-9048. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Concerns about fairness among countries remain significant obstacles to a stronger global climate treaty. This paper addresses the distributional implications of two mechanisms to strengthen the Paris Agreement, the incorporation of national carbon pricing, and the tightening of nationally determined contributions (NDCs). Both are found to be viable mechanisms. They are also less extreme, and therefore more acceptable, than both grandfathering, which favors the most fossil-intensive economies, and equal per capita allocation, which favors low-income countries that use less fossil fuel. However, compensatory funding for developing countries will also be needed at scale. An analysis of the ambitiousness of current climate policies shows a broad range of outcomes: the more ambitious NDCs have emission levels below either the per capita or grandfathering levels, and sometimes both. However, some NDCs, especially those tabled by the largest emitters, are severely lacking in ambition.
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| 7. |
- Mukanjari, Samson, et al.
(författare)
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Do markets Trump politics? Fossil and renewable market reactions to major political events
- 2024
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Ingår i: Economic Inquiry. - 0095-2583 .- 1465-7295. ; 62:2, s. 805-836
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the effects of three events with major importance for climate policy on energy sector stocks: the Paris Agreement, the Trump election and presidency, and the Biden election. By combining event studies with impulse-indicator saturation methods, we show that the Paris Agreement and the election of Mr. Biden benefited renewable industries, while the election of Mr. Trump had negative effects. For fossil fuel industries, the effects were largely the opposite. Despite Trump's efforts to eliminate environmental regulations, his presidency did however witness a decrease in both US coal production and consumption, while natural gas and oil consumption increased.
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