| 1. |
- Gustafsson, A., et al.
(author)
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Carbohydrate-dependent inhibition of Helicobacter pylori colonization using porcine milk
- 2006
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In: Glycobiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0959-6658 .- 1460-2423. ; 16:1, s. 1-10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Breast milk has a well-known anti-microbial effect, which is in part due to the many different carbohydrate structures expressed. This renders it a position as a potential therapeutic for treatment of infection by different pathogens, thus avoiding the drawbacks of many antibiotics. In a previous study, we showed that pigs express the Helicobacter pylori receptors, sialyl Lewis x (Le x) and Le b, on various milk proteins. Here, we investigate the pig breed- and individual-specific expression of these epitopes, as well as the inhibitory capacity of porcine milk on H. pylori binding and colonization. Milk proteins from three different pig breeds were analysed by western blotting using antibodies with known carbohydrate specificity. An adhesion assay was used to investigate the capacity of pig milk to inhibit H. pylori binding to neoglycoproteins carrying Le b and sialyl-di-Le x. alpha1,3/4-fucosyltransferase transgenic FVB/N mice, known to express Le b and sialyl Le x in their gastric epithelium, were colonized by H. pylori and were subsequently treated with Le b- and sialyl Le x-expressing or nonexpressing porcine milk, or water (control) only. The degree of H. pylori colonization in the different treatment groups was quantified. The expression of the Le b and sialyl Le x carbohydrate epitopes on pig milk proteins was breed- and individual specific and correlated to the ability of porcine milk to inhibit H. pylori adhesion in vitro and H. pylori colonization in vivo. Milk from certain pig breeds may have a therapeutic and/or prophylactic effect on H. pylori infection.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Liu, J., et al.
(author)
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Anti-pig antibody adsorption efficacy of {alpha}-Gal carrying recombinant P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1/immunoglobulin chimeras increases with core 2 {beta}1, 6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase expression
- 2005
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In: Glycobiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0959-6658 .- 1460-2423. ; 15:6, s. 571-83
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have previously described the construction of a P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1-mouse immunoglobulin Fc fusion protein, which when transiently coexpressed with the porcine alpha1,3 galactosyltransferase in COS cells becomes a very efficient adsorber of xenoreactive, anti-pig antibodies. To relate the adsorption capacity with the glycan expression of individual fusion proteins produced in different cell lines, stable CHO-K1, COS, and 293T cells producing this fusion protein have been engineered. On alpha1,3 galactosyltransferase coexpression, high-affinity adsorbers were produced by both COS and 293T cells, whereas an adsorber of lower affinity was derived from CHO-K1 cells. Stable coexpression of a core 2 beta1,6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase in CHO-K1 cells led to increased alpha-Gal epitope density and improved anti-pig antibody adsorption efficacy. ESI-MS/MS of O-glycans released from PSGL-1/mIgG(2b) produced in an alpha1,3 galactosyl- and core 2 beta1,6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase expressing CHO-K1 cell clone revealed a number of structures with carbohydrate sequences consistent with terminal Gal-Gal. In contrast, no O-glycan structures with terminal Gal-Gal were identified on the fusion protein when expressed alone or in combination with the alpha1,3 galactosyltransferase in CHO-K1 cells. In conclusion, the density of alpha-Gal epitopes on PSGL-1/mIgG(2b) was dependent on the expression of O-linked glycans with core 2 structures and lactosamine extensions. The structural complexity of the terminal Gal-Gal expressing O-glycans with both neutral as well as sialic acid-containing structures is likely to contribute to the high adsorption efficacy.
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| 4. |
- Löfling, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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Studies of Lewis antigens and H. pylori adhesion in CHO cell lines engineered to express Lewis b determinants.
- 2008
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In: Glycobiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2423 .- 0959-6658. ; 18:7, s. 494-501
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Many microbes bind and adhere via adhesins to host cell carbohydrates as an initial step for infection. Therefore, cell lines expressing Lewis b (Le(b)) determinants were generated as a potential model system for Helicobacter pylori colonization and infection, and their expression of blood group Lewis determinants was characterized. CHO-K1 cells were stably transfected with selected glycosyltransferase cDNAs, and two Le(b) positive clones, 1C5 and 2C2, were identified. Expression of Lewis (Le(a), Le(b), Le(x), and Le(y)) determinants was analyzed by flow cytometry of intact cells, SDS-PAGE/Western blot of solubilized glycoproteins, and thin layer chromatography immunostaining of isolated glycolipids (GL). Binding of H. pylori to cells was examined by microscopy and quantified. Flow cytometry showed that 1C5 and 2C2 were Le(a) and Le(b) positive. 1C5 expressed Le(b) on O-linked, but not N-linked, glycans and only weakly on GLs. In contrast, 2C2 expressed Le(b) on N-, O-glycans, and GLs. Furthermore, both clones expressed Le(a) on N- and O-glycans but not on GLs. 2C2, but not 1C5, stained positively for Le(y) on N-linked glycans and GLs. Both clones, as well as the parental CHO-K1 cells, expressed Le(x) on GLs. A Le(b)-binding H. pylori strain bound to the 1C5 and 2C2 cells. In summary, two glycosyltransferase transfected CHO-K1 cell clones differed regarding Lewis antigen expression on N- and O-linked glycans as well as on GLs. Both clones examined supported adhesion of a Le(b)-binding H. pylori strain and may thus be a useful in vitro model system for H. pylori colonization/infection studies.
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| 5. |
- Strokan, V, et al.
(author)
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Distribution of the Galalpha1-3Gal antigen in cultured adult and fetal porcine pancreatic islet cells: an immunoelectron microscopic study.
- 2000
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In: Transplantation. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0041-1337. ; 70, s. 846-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The distribution of the Galalpha1-3Gal antigen (Galalpha) in cultured adult porcine islets (API) and fetal porcine pancreatic islet-like cell clusters (ICC) was studied using immunoelectron microscopy. API and ICC were cultured for 1 and 5 days, respectively, and immunogold labeled using human affinity isolated anti-Galalpha1-3Gal antibody, GS-IB4 lectin and antibodies against islet pancreatic hormones, vimentin, and von Willebrand factor. Differentiated endocrine cells were Gala-negative, but, in ICC, some immature endocrine cells were slightly Gala-positive. The Gala-expression in API was much weaker compared to ICC. In both API and ICC, the Gala antigen was expressed on duct epithelial cells, acinar cells, and endothelial cells. In ICC, strong Gala expression was observed on flattened cells covering their surfaces. These cells were identified as centroacinar cells originating from intra-islet ducts. In conclusion, although mature endocrine cells of cultured API and ICC lack the Gala-xenoantigen, several other cellular compounds are strongly Gala positive, which may contribute to xenorejection of these grafts.
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| 6. |
- Groth, C G, et al.
(author)
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Xenotransplantation in Sweden.
- 1999
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In: Bulletin of the World Health Organization. - : B World Health Organ.. - 0042-9686. ; 77:1, s. 75-6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 7. |
- Bally, Marta, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Norovirus GII.4 Virus-like Particles Recognize Galactosylceramides in Domains of Planar Supported Lipid Bilayers.
- 2012
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In: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : Wiley. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 51:48, s. 12020-4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A sticky situation: Domain-dependent recognition of the glycosphingolipid galactosylceramide by norovirus-like particles (see picture; red/yellow) is shown using supported lipid bilayers (purple) as model membranes. Optimal ligand presentation is found to promote strong binding to GalCer. This presentation can be found at the edges of the glycosphingolipid-enriched domains (green) and binding is repressed in the absence of these domains.
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| 8. |
- Breimer, Michael, 1951, et al.
(author)
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Multicenter evaluation of a novel endothelial cell crossmatch test in kidney transplantation.
- 2009
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In: Transplantation. - 1534-6080. ; 87:4, s. 549-56
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Despite their clinical importance, clinical routine tests to detect anti-endothelial cell antibodies (AECA) in organ transplantation have not been readily available. This multicenter prospective kidney transplantation trial evaluates the efficacy of a novel endothelial cell crossmatch (ECXM) test to detect donor-reactive AECA associated with kidney allograft rejection. METHODS: Pretransplant serum samples from 147 patients were tested for AECA by a novel flow cytometric crossmatch technique (XM-ONE) using peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cells as targets. Patient enrolment was based on acceptance for transplantation determined by donor lymphocyte crossmatch results. RESULTS: Donor-reactive AECA were found in 35 of 147 (24%) patients. A significantly higher proportion of patients with a positive ECXM had rejections (16 of 35, 46%) during the follow-up of at least 3 months compared with those without AECA (13 of 112, 12%; P<0.00005). Both IgG and IgM AECAs were associated with graft rejections. Mean serum creatinine levels were significantly higher in patients with a positive ECXM test at 3 and 6 months posttransplant. CONCLUSIONS: XM-ONE is quick, easy to perform on whole blood samples and identifies patients at risk for rejection and reduced graft function not identified by conventional lymphocyte crossmatches.
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| 9. |
- Bäcker, Annika E., 1965, et al.
(author)
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Biochemical and enzymatic characterization of blood group ABH and related histo-blood group glycosphingolipids in the epithelial cells of porcine small intestine.
- 1997
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In: Glycobiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0959-6658 .- 1460-2423. ; 7:7, s. 943-53
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Non-acid glycosphingolipids were isolated from small intestinal epithelial cells of a single blood group A pig. One very predominant blood group compound was obtained chemically pure upon HPLC fractionation. It was characterized by mass spectrometry and 1H NMR spectroscopy to be the type 1 chain blood group A hexaglycosylceramide. Support for the presence of minute amounts of additional A glycolipids was obtained by mass spectrometry and immunostaining of TLC plates with anti-A antibodies specific for A type 2 chain, A type 3 and 4 chain, and the ALe(b) determinant. Among precursor chains, globoside (type 4) and lactotetraosylceramide (type 1) were immunologically identified, whereas no neolactotetraosylceramide (type 2) and gangliotetraosylceramide reactivities were detected. We addressed the question whether the predominant expression of type 1 chain based A glycolipids reflects a restricted glycolipid precursor chain specificity of the alpha 1-2 fucosyl- and/or the alpha 1-3 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases, or if the biosynthesis of the precursor chains themselves is regulated. All precursor core saccharides, lacto- (type 1), neolacto-(type 2), and gangliotetraosylceramide as well as globopentaosylceramide (type 4), could serve as acceptors for fucose in vitro when a crude microsomal fraction obtained from mechanically released, porcine intestinal epithelial cells was used as an enzyme source. Under the same conditions an N-acetylgalactosamine residue could be transferred to the blood group H structures based on these core saccharide chains. Lactotriaosylceramide, but not gangliotriaosylceramide, could serve as an acceptor for UDP-galactose. When the product was digested with beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) from S.pneumoniae, under conditions where it specifically cleaves Gal beta 1-4 residues, approximately 40% of the radioactivity was cleaved off, indicating that a substantial amount of neolactotetraosylceramide was made in vitro, as opposed to the predominance of lactotetraosylceramide-based structures found in vivo.
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| 10. |
- Gustafsson, A., et al.
(author)
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Carbohydrate phenotyping of human and animal milk glycoproteins
- 2005
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In: Glycoconjugate journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0282-0080 .- 1573-4986. ; 22:3, s. 109-18
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Breast-milk has a well-known anti-microbial effect, which is in part due to the many different carbohydrate structures expressed. This renders it a position as a potential therapeutic for treatment of infection by different pathogens, thus avoiding the drawbacks of many antibiotics. The plethora of carbohydrate epitopes in breast-milk is known to differ between species, with human milk expressing the most complex one. We have investigated the expression of protein-bound carbohydrate epitopes in milk from man, cow, goat, sheep, pig, horse, dromedary and rabbit. Proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and the presence of carbohydrate epitopes on milk proteins were analysed by Western blotting using different lectins and carbohydrate-specific antibodies. We show that ABH, Lewis (Le)x, sialyl-Lex, Lea, sialyl-Lea and Leb carbohydrate epitopes are expressed mainly on man, pig and horse milk proteins. The blood group precursor structure H type 1 is expressed in all species investigated, while only pig, dromedary and rabbit milk proteins carry H type 2 epitopes. These epitopes are receptors for Helicobacter pylori (Leb and sialyl-Lex), enteropathogenic (H type 1, Lea and Lex) and enterotoxic Escherichia coli (heat-stable toxin; H type 1 and 2), and Campylobacter jejuni (H type 2). Thus, milk from these animals or their genetically modified descendants could have a therapeutic effect by inhibiting pathogen colonization and infection.
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