| 1. |
- Flygare, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Utvärdering av metoder mot mobbning
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- Denna utvärdering ger besked om insatser och arbetssätt som effektivt förebygger och åtgärdar mobbning. Utvärderingen är unik genom att den omfattar stora mängder data, både kvalitativa och kvantitativa från 39 skolor, att enskilda individers utsatthet följs upp vid tre tillfällen och att den omfattar flera program samtidigt.Resultaten visar bland annat att olika insatser har olika effekt för pojkar och flickor samt olika effekt beroende på om mobbningen är social eller fysisk. Den visar också att ingen enskild insats har dramatiskt positiva effekter. För att en skola ska lyckas förebygga och åtgärda mobbning krävs ett systematiskt arbete och en kombination av insatser. Åtta namngivna program som används mot mobbning har ingått i utvärderingen: Farstametoden, Friends, Lions Quest, Olweusprogrammet, SET – Social och emotionell träning, Skolkomet, Skolmedling samt Stegvis. I utvärderingens fristående metodfördjupning Utvärdering av metoder mot mobbning. Metodappendix och bilagor till rapport 353, (endast publicerad som pdf ) redovisar forskarna utförligt utvärderingens design och redogör för tillvägagångssättet vid datainsamling och analys.
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| 2. |
- Nyberg, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Soil frost effects on soil water and runoff dynamics along a boreal transect : 2. Simulations
- 2001
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Ingår i: Hydrological Processes. - 0885-6087. ; 15:6, s. 927-941
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A physically based SVAT-model was rested with soil and snow physical measurements, as well as runoff data fr om an 8600 m(2) catchment in northern Sweden in order to quantify the influence of soil frost on spring snowmelt runoff in a moderately sloped, boreal forest. The model was run as an array of connected profiles cascading to the brook. For three winter seasons (1995-98) it was able to predict the onset and total accumulation of the runoff with satisfactory accuracy. Surface runoff was identified as only a minor fraction of the total runoff occurring during short periods in connection with ice blocking of the water-conducting pores. Little surface runoff, though, does not mean that soil frost is unimportant for spring runoff. Simulations without frost routines systematically underestimated the total accumulated runoff. The possibility of major frost effects appearing in response to specific combinations of weather conditions were also tested. Different scenarios of critical initial conditions for the winter, e.g, high water saturation and delayed snow accumulation leading to an increased frost penetration, were tested. These showed that under special circumstances there is potential for increased spring runoff due to soil frost.
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| 3. |
- Bishop, Kevin, et al.
(författare)
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Water storage in a till catchment. II : Implications of transmissivity feedback for flow paths and turnover times
- 2011
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Ingår i: Hydrological Processes. - 0885-6087. ; 25:25, s. 3950-3959
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores the flow paths and turnover times within a catchment characterized by the transmissivity feedback mechanism where there is a strong increase in the saturated hydraulic conductivity towards the soil surface and precipitation inputs saturate progressively more superficial layers of the soil profile. The analysis is facilitated by the correlation between catchment water storage and groundwater levels, which made it possible to model the daily spatial distribution of water storage, both vertically in different soil horizons and horizontally across a 6300-m2 till catchment. Soil properties and episodic precipitation input dynamics, combined with the influence of topographic features, concentrate flow in the horizontal, vertical, and temporal dimensions. Within the soil profile, there was a vertical concentration of lateral flow to superficial soil horizons (upper 30?cm of the soil), where much of the annual flow occurred during runoff episodes. Overland flow from a limited portion of the catchment can contribute to peak flows but is not a necessary condition for runoff episodes. The spatial concentration of flow, and the episodic nature of runoff events, resulted in a strong and spatially structured differentiation of local flow velocities within the catchment. There were large differences in the time spent by the laterally flowing water at different depths, with turnover times of lateral flow across a 1-m-wide soil pedon ranging from under 1?h at 10- to 20-cm depth to a month at 70- to 80-cm depth. In many regards, the hydrology of this catchment appears typical of the hydrology in till soils, which are widespread in Fenno-Scandia. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 4. |
- Björström Svanström, Cecilia M., et al.
(författare)
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Device performance of APFO-3/PCBM solar cells with controlled morphology
- 2009
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - Weinheim. - 0935-9648. ; 21:43, s. 4398-4403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polymer/fullerene solar cells with three different device structures: A) diffuse bilayer, B) spontaneously formed multilayer, and C) vertically homogenous thin films, are fabricated. The photocurrent/voltage performance is compared and it is found that the self-stratified structure (B) yields the highest energy conversion efficiency.
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| 7. |
- Erlandsson, A., et al.
(författare)
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Studies of the Interactions between Anticytokeratin 8 monoclonal antibody TS1, its Antigen and its Anti-Idiotypic antibody αTS1
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Recognition 2003;16:157-163.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The monoclonal antibody TS1 against cytokeratin 8 and its antiidiotype anti-TS1 have been used for immunotargeting and therapy of carcinomas in experimental tumor model systems. The interaction surfaces between mab TS1, the cytokeratin 8 epitope, and its anti-idiotypic antibody, anti-TS1, were studied in detail in order to make future veneering of the interactions possible. The V-genes of TS1 and anti-TS1 were cloned and sequenced and the CDRs and the framework residues were identified. Amino acids participating in the interactions were identified following chemical modifications of residues in non-protected and protected molecules of cytokeratin 8, anti-TS1 and TS1. From the sequences, the three-dimensional structures were generated using computer modelling of the antibody variable regions. Several charged amino acid, histidine and tyrosine residues were displayed in the antibody surfaces implicated in the interactions and chemical modification confirmed the importance of these amino acids. The cytokeratin 8 epitope has previously been identified by Johansson et al. and it displays negatively charged amino acid residues which could be identified in the chemical modification. It was also revealed that the TS1 binding to cytokeratin 8 and anti-TS1 respectively are partly overlapping; a histidine identified in TS1 is probably involved only in the interaction with anti-TS1. Furthermore, the chemical modification demonstrated that exchanging asparticglutamic acids to asparagineglutamine residues in TS1 increased the binding of TS1 to cytokeratin 8, indicating that there is at least one acidic amino acid that is an obstacle in the TS1CK8 binding. The detailed assembly of the interaction surfaces will facilitate the future use of site directed mutagenesis to improve the TS1CK8 ssociation rate and the clearing of TS1 with anti-TS1 in vivo
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| 8. |
- Helldin, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Experience of quality of life and attitude to care and treatment in patients with schizophrenia: Role of cross-sectional remission
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice. - 1365-1501. ; 12:2, s. 97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveThe concept of cross-sectional remission was investigated in a sample of patients with schizophrenia. A total of 243 patients were tested for quality of life, burden and handicap, insight and satisfaction with the care provided in an epidemiological study. The question addressed was if remission is of importance for outcome.MethodsCross-sectional remission was defined by applying the symptom criteria of remission, where none of eight selected PANSS items should exceed 3 points. Out of 243 patients, 38% were in met cross-sectional remission. Quality of life was assessed with the MOS SF-36 and the Rosser Index. The Patients' understanding of their illness was assessed based on symptoms and disorder insight. Finally, attitudes to care and, health service were assessed by the UKU/Consumer Satisfaction Questionnaire and the Drug Attitude Inventory.ResultsPatients who were in cross-sectional remission reported higher quality of life and reduced burden related to the disorder, a greater level of insight into their symptoms and the illness, and a more positive attitude to treatment, including drugs.ConclusionThis study implies that remission, here expressed in terms of cross-sectional remission, is of importance for patients' well-being. Patients who had no interference from symptoms in their daily functioning found their life better, had a superior insight and were more positive to treatment.
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| 10. |
- Hugoson, A., et al.
(författare)
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Dental caries in relation to smoking and the use of Swedish snus: epidemiological studies covering 20 years (1983-2003)
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6357. ; 70:4, s. 289-296
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AbstractObjective.The aim of this study was to evaluate some intra-oral caries-associated variables and tobacco use on dental caries.Materials and methods.The participants were randomly recruited from three cross-sectional studies in Jönköping, Sweden,in 1983, 1993 and 2003. Each study consisted of 130 individuals in each of the 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70-year age groups. Ofthese, 550, 552 and 523 dentate individuals attended respective year of examination. They were all examined both clinicallyand radiographically. A questionnaire was completed in conjunction with the examination. In the studies, 345 were smokers,104 snus users and 1142 non-tobacco users, in total 1591 individuals.Results.In 1983 and 1993, there were no significantdifferences in mean DFS between non-users and smokers, but a statistically significantly higher mean DFS in comparison withsnus users. In 2003, there was no statistically significant difference in mean DFS between the groups. Multiple regressionsshowed that, after adjusting for age, gender and socio-demographic variables, there was a statistically significant associationbetween DFS and smoking in 1983 (smoking excluded in favour of lactobacilli when further analysed) and DFS and plaqueindex (PLI) in 1993. In 2003, there was no association, apart from buffer capacity (Power rising) between DFS and theexamined intra-oral caries-associated variables and tobacco use.Conclusions.The results of these epidemiological studies,performed in 1993 and 2003, indicate that daily smoking or snus use does not increase the risk of dental caries.
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