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Sökning: swepub > Karlstads universitet > Lantbruksvetenskap

  • Resultat 1-10 av 70
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1.
  • Adler, Anneli, et al. (författare)
  • Lignin-first biorefining of Nordic poplar to produce cellulose fibers could displace cotton production on agricultural lands
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Joule. - : Elsevier BV. - 2542-4351. ; 6:8, s. 1845-1858
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Here, we show that lignin-first biorefining of poplar can enable the production of dissolving cellulose pulp that can produce regenerated cellulose, which could substitute cotton. These results in turn indicate that agricultural land dedicated to cotton could be reclaimed for food production by extending poplar plantations to produce textile fibers. Based on climate-adapted poplar clones capable of growth on marginal lands in the Nordic region, we estimate an environmentally sustainable annual biomass production of ∼11 tonnes/ha. At scale, lignin-first biorefining of this poplar could annually generate 2.4 tonnes/ha of dissolving pulp for textiles and 1.1 m3 biofuels. Life cycle assessment indicates that, relative to cotton production, this approach could substantially reduce water consumption and identifies certain areas for further improvement. Overall, this work highlights a new value chain to reduce the environmental footprint of textiles, chemicals, and biofuels while enabling land reclamation and water savings from cotton back to food production.
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2.
  • Waldo, Staffan, et al. (författare)
  • Swedish coastal herring fisheries in the wake of an ITQ system
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Marine Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0308-597X .- 1872-9460. ; 38, s. 321-324
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The European common fisheries policy (CFP) advocates measures to sustain small-scale fisheries; hence, in the European Commission's proposal for a reformed CFP, these are exempted from a mandatory system with tradable fishing concessions. This opens up for management actions designed for small-scale fisheries, but also implies new management issues. This article provides insights into the topic based on a Swedish small-scale herring fishery in the western Baltic Sea that was exempted from an ITQ-system. The fishery has been profitable since the system was introduced, and the increasing effort of both incumbent fishermen and new entrants implies a situation where fishermen compete for a limited quota. The migratory pattern of the herring implies high densities in the southern parts of the fishing areas during spring and in the northern parts during autumn. This forms the basis for two different fisheries in the area, as well as for the current management proposal to divide the quota into a spring and an autumn part. This and other management proposals are discussed in the paper. The main conclusion from the case study is that, when exempting a fishery from tradable fishing concessions, it is important to build other institutions dealing with the fundamental problem of access to the quota. Failure to do so might result in an over-capacity issue and threaten the long-run development of an otherwise successful small-scale fishery.
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3.
  • Hosseini, Ahmad, et al. (författare)
  • A holistic optimization framework for forest machine trail network design accounting for multiple objectives and machines
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Canadian Journal of Forest Research. - : Canadian Science Publishing. - 0045-5067 .- 1208-6037. ; 49:2, s. 111-120
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ground-based mechanized forestry requires the traversal of terrain by heavy machines. The routes they take are often called machine trails, and are created by removing trees from the trail and placing the logs outside it. Designing an optimal machine trail network is a complex locational problem that requires understanding how forestry machines can operate on the terrain as well as the trade-offs between various economic and ecological aspects. Machine trail designs are currently created manually based on intuitive decisions about the importance, correlations, and effects of many potentially conflicting aspects. Badly designed machine trail networks could result in costly operations and adverse environmental impacts. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop a holistic optimization framework for machine trail network design. Key economic and ecological objectives involved in designing machine trail networks for mechanized cut-to-length operations are presented, along with strategies for simultaneously addressing multiple objectives while accounting for the physical capabilities of forestry machines, the impact of slope, and operating costs. Ways of quantitatively formulating and combining these different aspects are demonstrated, together with examples showing how the optimal network design changes in response to various inputs.
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4.
  • Lindahl, Cecilia, et al. (författare)
  • Occupational Safety Climate in the Swedish Equine Sector
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Animals. - : MDPI. - 2076-2615. ; 12:4, s. 1-20
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Swedish equine sector is considered a high-risk work environment, with relatively high injury rates and high severity of injuries. General safety research has identified a correlation between the safety performance and safety culture, but little is known about the intricacies of the safety culture in the Swedish equine sector, especially concerning managers’ and employees’ perceptions of their work environment. The safety climate assessment is recognised as an effective tool for identifying potential problems in the workplace, thus enhancing safety behaviour and decreasing the frequency and severity of injuries. The aim was to evaluate the safety climate at riding schools and trotting stables through the Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire (NOSACQ-50) diagnostic tool, and to get a better understanding of the workers’ perceptions regarding safety and safety management at their workplace through complementary interviews. The results showed that the safety climate was generally positive and that employees were aware of the risks relating to their work. Riding schools commonly had routines in place for risk assessment and work environment management, but such routines were often lacking at trotting stables, indicating inadequate prioritisation of safety by the management. The main area that should be targeted to improve safety in the sector is employees’ prioritisation and non-acceptance of risks. Proactive instead of reactive safety management should be promoted, where safety is an integral part of daily work and all employees are encouraged to identify factors contributing to occupational injuries and develop strategies for injury prevention.
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5.
  • Nestorson, A., et al. (författare)
  • Control of aroma permeability in latex coatings by altering the vinyl acid content and the temperature around Tg
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Polymer testing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0142-9418 .- 1873-2348. ; 26:7, s. 916-926
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The mass transport of four different aroma compounds (ethyl butyrate, 1-hexanol, heptanal and limonene) through styrene-acrylate latex dispersion coatings with different amounts of vinyl acid groups has been studied using a permeation cell. The permeation test was studied above and below the glass transition temperature of the styrene-acrylate latex films in order to study the influence of changes in free volume and polymer rigidity on the aroma permeation induced by glassy-rubbery transition. An increase in the carboxylic acid content of the latices reduced the diffusivity. The solubility of all the aroma compounds tended to increase with increasing carboxylic acid groups content in the latex films, including the non-polar limonene. Other factors than polarity and chemical attraction forces including volatility and molar volume of the aroma compounds thus affected the mass transfer. Since solubility and diffusion oppose each other, the differences in permeability towards aroma compounds between the latex films were small. Below the glass transition temperature, the free volume is less, resulting in a lower mobility of the permeants and, therefore, a lower diffusivity than above the glass transition. A small increase in solubility was seen at the lower temperature, probably due to the lower volatility of the aroma compounds. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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6.
  • Nestorson, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Interactions between aroma compounds and latex films : Partition coefficients and influence on latex film formation
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Packaging technology & science. - : Wiley. - 0894-3214 .- 1099-1522. ; 19:2, s. 71-82
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The potential of various latex grades to take up, retain and release different types of aroma compound has been explored. The latex grades used included two styrene-acrylate latices and two styrene-butadiene latices, of which one contained talc. The aroma compounds used were ethyl butyrate, 1-hexanol, heptanal, 3-octanone, ?-pinene and limonene dissolved in propylene glycol. It was shown that talc improves both the uptake of aroma compounds in the dispersion phase and the retention during the film formation process. However, the styrene-acrylate latex had a greater ability than the styrene-butadiene latex to hold the aroma compounds once the films were formed. These results have been compared to calculated solubility parameters. The uptake of 1-hexanol and propylene glycol in the latex dispersions were higher than expected from the theoretical calculations, probably because of the amphiphilic nature of these molecules. In addition, the influence of aroma compounds on the film formation was evaluated.
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7.
  • Rafiee, Hamed, et al. (författare)
  • A Cluster Analysis on the Energy Use Indicators and Carbon Footprint of Irrigated Wheat Cropping Systems
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 14:7, s. 4014-4014
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The objective of this study is to analyze the energy use efficiency and carbon footprint of irrigated wheat systems in different Iranian provinces. The authors resort to the k-means clustering technique to fulfil the said objective. The empirical results reveal that the average total input energy (59.5 GJ ha−1) is higher than the average energy output (45.82 GJ ha−1) from wheat production, resulting in an average energy efficiency of 0.77, thus rendering the production of irrigated wheat in Iran energy-inefficient on average. Among the thirty wheat-producing Iranian provinces considered in this analysis, only six—East Azerbaijan, Golestan, Ardabil, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Alborz, and West Azerbaijan—register an energy use efficiency greater than unity. The average total of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from irrigated wheat is 2243.54 kg CO2-eq ha−1 (with electricity and diesel fuel contributing 52.4% and 29.4%, respectively). The authors categorize the clusters into five groups ranging from sustainable to unsustainable. Five of the six provinces referred to earlier fall into the ‘sustainable’ category, with Bushehr being the sixth. The wheat production units in the ‘sustainable’ category can serve as a benchmark for the clusters in the other categories, which can move up the ladder of sustainability. The authors also recommend measures that policymakers can undertake to ensure the sustainable development of wheat production in Iran, fulfilling the social imperative of food self-sufficiency while truncating the environmental footprint and ensuring economic feasibility.
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8.
  • Yin, Haiyan, et al. (författare)
  • Non-fluorine surface modification of acetylated birch for improved water repellence
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Holzforschung. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 0018-3830 .- 1437-434X. ; 75:9, s. 857-868
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this work, a non-fluorinated surface treatment, i.e., hydrophobized silicone nanofilaments, was applied on both birch and acetylated birch wood samples via a gas-phase based reaction. A superhydrophobic behavior was observed on both the surface-modified samples as revealed by the static water contact angles (CAs) greater than 160°, also valid for samples prepared with the shortest reaction time of 1 h. The dynamic wettability behavior of the samples was studied by a multicycle Wilhelmy plate method. The surface-modified acetylated birch exhibited a pronounced enhanced water resistance, resulting in very low water uptake of 3 ± 1 wt% after 100 cycles, which was not only about 29 and 5 times lower than that of the non-surface-modified birch and acetylated birch, respectively, but also three times lower than that of the surface-modified birch. Moreover, the aesthetic appearance of the acetylated wood was maintained as the surface modification only resulted in a small color change. This work shows the potential of preparing super water-repellent wood by non-fluorinated surface modification.
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9.
  • Yin, Haiyan, et al. (författare)
  • Susceptibility of surface-modified superhydrophobic wood and acetylated wood to mold and blue stain fungi
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Progress in organic coatings. - : Elsevier. - 0300-9440 .- 1873-331X. ; 182
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The susceptibility of surface-modified wood, surface-modified acetylated wood and acetylated wood to mold and blue stain fungi was investigated. The surface modifications were based on fluorinated and non-fluorinated silicone nanofilaments for increased hydrophobicity. Results showed an increased mold resistance of the surface-modified superhydrophobic wood with mold appearing later or with less intensity on the modified surfaces than on the untreated wood in accelerated mold chamber tests due to the increased water resistance of the samples. All acetylated wood samples exhibited good mold resistance as the available water in acetylated wood was reduced. The surface modifications on acetylated wood had a slightly negative effect on mold resistance due to side effects from the modification. The surface-modified wood showed high blue stain fungi coverage, whereas almost no blue stain fungi were observed on the acetylated wood and surface-modified acetylated wood. The surface-modified superhydrophobic wood showed high mold coverage after conditioning in a high-humidity environment or after exposure to UV irradiation. Meanwhile, the acetylated wood and surface-modified superhydrophobic acetylated wood showed a small amount of mold coverage in these conditions. 
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10.
  • Yin, Haiyan, et al. (författare)
  • Wettability performance and physicochemical properties of UV exposed superhydrophobized birch wood
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Applied Surface Science. - : Elsevier. - 0169-4332 .- 1873-5584. ; 584
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The effect of prolonged ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on the performance of superhydrophobized birch and acetylated birch wood was investigated. The surface modification of the wood was based on a newly developed method using silicone nanofilaments. The combination of surface modification and acetylation of wood showed good wetting resistance also after 600 h of UV exposure, with water contact angles greater than 140° and water uptake 30 times lower by weight than that of the non-surface-modified wood as determined by multicycle Wilhelmy plate measurements. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the silicone nanofilaments can still be observed on the wood samples after UV irradiation. The surface-modified wood samples exhibited significant color change after UV exposure. FTIR spectra showed that lignin was degraded on both the non-surface-modified wood surfaces and the wood surface-modified with the silicone nanofilaments.
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