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Sökning: swepub > Karlstads universitet > Högskolan Kristianstad

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1.
  • Jansson-Fröjmark, Markus, et al. (författare)
  • Paradoxical intention for insomnia : A systematic review and meta-analysis
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of Sleep Research. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0962-1105 .- 1365-2869. ; , s. 1-14
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Paradoxical intention (PI) has been considered an evidence-based treatment for insomnia since the 1990s, but it has not been evaluated with modern review techniques such as meta-analysis. The present study aimed to conduct the first systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that explore the effectiveness of PI for insomnia on insomnia symptomatology and theory-derived processes. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by searching for eligible articles or dissertations in six online bibliographic databases. Randomised controlled trials and experimental studies comparing PI for insomnia to active and passive comparators and assessing insomnia symptoms as outcomes were included. A random effects model was estimated to determine the standardised mean difference Hedge's g at post-treatment. Test for heterogeneity was performed, fail-safe N was calculated, and study quality was assessed. The study was pre-registered at International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, CRD42019137357). A total of 10 trials were identified. Compared to passive comparators, PI led to large improvements in key insomnia symptoms. Relative to active comparators, the improvements were smaller, but still moderate for several central outcomes. Compared to passive comparators, PI resulted in great reductions in sleep-related performance anxiety, one of several proposed mechanisms of change for PI. PI for insomnia resulted in marked clinical improvements, large relative to passive comparators and moderate compared to active comparators. However, methodologically stronger studies are needed before more firm conclusions can be drawn.
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2.
  • Norell-Clarke, Annika, 1979-, et al. (författare)
  • Sleep-related cognitive processes and the incidence of insomnia over time : Does anxiety and depression impact the relationship?
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aim: According to the Cognitive Model of Insomnia, engaging in sleep-related cognitive processes may lead to sleep problems over time. The aim was to examine associations between five sleep-related cognitive processes and the incidence of insomnia, and to investigate if baseline anxiety and depression influence the associations. Methods: Two thousand three hundred and thirty-three participants completed surveys on nighttime and daytime symptoms, depression, anxiety, and cognitive processes at baseline and 6 months after the first assessment. Only those without insomnia at baseline were studied. Participants were categorized as having or not having incident insomnia at the next time point. Baseline anxiety and depression were tested as moderators. Results: Three cognitive processes predicted incident insomnia later on. Specifically, more safety behaviors and somatic arousal at Time 1 increased the risk of developing insomnia. When investigating changes in the cognitive processes over time, reporting an increase of worry and safety behaviors also predicted incident insomnia. Depressive symptoms moderated the association between changes in worry and incident insomnia. Conclusion: These findings provide partial support for the hypothesis that cognitive processes are associated with incident insomnia. In particular, safety behaviors, somatic arousal, and worry increase the risk for incident insomnia. Preventative interventions and future research are discussed.
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3.
  • Wallsten, Daniel, et al. (författare)
  • Treating co-morbid insomnia and social anxiety disorder with sequential CBT protocols : a single-case experimental study
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1352-4658 .- 1469-1833. ; 49:6, s. 641-657
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Although insomnia disorder and social anxiety disorder are among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders, no studies have yet evaluated the use of sequential evidence-based treatment protocols in the population with co-morbid social anxiety disorder and insomnia disorder.AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the effects of sequential treatments on co-morbid insomnia disorder and social anxiety disorder. As depression is a common co-morbid syndrome for both insomnia and social anxiety, a secondary aim was to examine depressive symptoms.METHOD: A single-case repeated crossover AB design was used. Ten participants between 18 and 59 years of age with co-morbid DSM-5 diagnoses of insomnia disorder and social anxiety disorder received sequential treatments with cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). Seven participants completed the treatment course. The primary outcomes were symptoms of insomnia and social anxiety, and the secondary outcome was symptoms of depression.RESULTS: The effects of CBT on people with co-morbid social anxiety disorder and insomnia disorder were mixed. The majority of participants improved their sleep quality and lessened symptoms of social anxiety and depression. However, participants differed in their degree of improvement concerning all three disorders.CONCLUSIONS: Sequential CBT treatments are potentially effective at decreasing symptoms of social anxiety and insomnia for people with co-morbid social anxiety disorder and insomnia disorder. The variation in outcome across participants makes firm conclusions about the treatment efficacy difficult to draw.
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5.
  • Östberg, Anna-Lena, et al. (författare)
  • Oral impacts on daily performances : associations with self-reported general health and medication
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 67:6, s. 370-376
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective. The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of general diseases and medication on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in a Swedish adult population using the Swedish version of Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP). Material and methods. A three-site sample of 200 adults (20-86 years; participation rate 70%) was interviewed using the OIDP, and a medical anamnesis was performed in 2006-7. A self-reported questionnaire provided complementary socio-economic data. Results. The burden of medical diagnoses and medications was greatest among the older participants in the study. The mean number of medicines in regular users was: ≥60 years, 3.6 (SD 2.6); 40-59 years, 1.9 (SD 1.5); and 20-40 years, 1.9 (SD 1.8) (p =0.013). There were no gender differences in general health or medication variables. Self-reported health, medical diagnoses and medication were significantly and consistently associated with the OIDP score: subjects with ≥1 diagnosis, OR 2.22 (95% CI 1.19-4.14) and subjects with ≥1 medicines, OR 1.85 (95% CI 1.01-3.40) versus those without diagnoses or medication. However, there was a clear gradient: OIDP scores increased with increasing numbers of diagnoses and medicines. Conclusion. The Swedish version of the OIDP was found useful for measuring impacts of general health and medication on OHRQoL. Dental care should pay special attention to patients with medical conditions or who are on medication, because these patients are more likely to experience oral impacts on daily performances.
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6.
  • Borglin, Gunilla, et al. (författare)
  • Older people in Sweden with various degrees of present quality of life : their health, social support, everyday activities and sense of coherence.
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Health & Social Care in the Community. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0966-0410 .- 1365-2524. ; 14:2, s. 136-146
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Public health policies in most European countries are concerned with how to keep older people living independently with a qualitatively good life in the community as long as possible. However, knowledge about what may characterise those seemingly 'healthy' older people is sparse. The aim of the study was to investigate the characteristics of a sample of people (75+) reporting various degrees of Quality of Life (QoL) with respect to QoL in different areas, as well as self-rated health, health problems, social support, everyday activities and sense of coherence. A postal questionnaire was sent out in spring 2001 to a randomly selected population-based sample (n= 600) in the southern parts of Sweden. A two-step cluster analysis was performed (n= 385, mean age 84.6, SD = 5.7) with 'present QoL' as clustering attribute. Three groups were disclosed, classified as high, intermediate and low present QoL, of which 33.8% could be regarded being at risk of low QoL. Those with low present QoL (18.4%) were the oldest and most vulnerable, a majority were women with 'poor or bad' self-rated health, high frequencies of health problems, low total QoL, low social support and sense of coherence and less physically active. Those with high present QoL (47.8%) reported more 'excellent or good' self-rated health, physical activity, satisfactory social support and higher sense of coherence and total QoL than the other two groups. Those with intermediate present QoL (33.8%) had more of 'poor or bad' self-rated health, more health problems were less physically active, had lower total QoL and sense of coherence, and less social support than those with high present QoL. The sample seemed to reflect the ageing process in that the respondents were at different stages of ageing. However, the fact that the level of social support, sense of coherence and self-rated health followed the same curve as QoL may indicate that some are more vulnerable to low present QoL given the same health and these should be targeted in preventive programmes since they report low QoL.
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7.
  • Andersson, Pia, 1955-, et al. (författare)
  • Kvalitetsindikatorer för munhälsa
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Idvall, E. (red), Kvalitetsindikatorer inom omvårdnad. - Stockholm : Gothia. - 9789172055193 ; , s. 45-56
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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8.
  • Atxutegi, Eneko, et al. (författare)
  • TCP behaviour in LTE : impact of flow start-up and mobility
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Wireless and Mobile Networking Conference (WMNC), 2016 9th IFIP. - : IEEE Communications Society. - 9781467387460 - 9781467387477 ; , s. 73-80
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Mobile internet has been widely adopted and it is expected to rise to almost 4 billion users by 2020. Despite the research effort dedicated to the enhancement of its performance, there still exists a gap in the understanding of how TCP and its many variants work over LTE. To this end, this paper evaluates the extent to which five common TCP variants, CUBIC, NewReno,Westwood+, Illinois, and CAIA Delay Gradient (CDG), are able to utilise available radio resources under hard conditions, such as during start-up and in mobile scenarios at different speeds. The paper suggests that CUBIC, due to its Hybrid Slow-Start mechanism, enters congestion avoidance prematurely, and thus experiences a prolonged start-up phase. As a result, it is unable to efficiently utilise radio resources during shorter transmissionsessions. Besides, CUBIC, Illinois and NewReno, i.e., the loss-based TCP implementations, offer better throughput, and are able to better utilise available resources during mobility than Westwood+ and CDG - the delay-based variants do.
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9.
  • Ericsson, Ulf, 1978-, et al. (författare)
  • Arbete, familjeliv och återhämtning : en explorativ studie om "tredje skiftet"
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Arbetsmarknad och arbetsliv. - Karlstad : Karlstads universitet. - 1400-9692. ; 25:3-4, s. 90-107
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Med utgångspunkt i dygnsberättelser undersöker föreliggande studie förutsättningar för återhämtning. Baserat på gruppintervjuer och en dagboksstudie med anställda på ett svenskt försäkringsbolag fokuserar vi relationen och spänningen mellan första (arbete), andra (icke betalt hemarbete) och tredje (planering/organisering av andra skiftet) skiftet. Begränsade möjligheter för intern återhämtning under arbetet kompenserades av de flesta deltagarna med extern återhämtning under arbetsfri tid. Att ha ensamt ansvar för tredje skiftet reducerade emellertid möjligheterna för återhämtning under dagen och veckan. Materialet visade att kvinnor i åldern 30-45 - i större utsträckning än andra -  hade huvudansvaret ett komplext tredje skift.
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10.
  • Hermansson, Carina, 1965- (författare)
  • Images of writing and the writing child
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Nordisk Barnehageforskning. - 1890-9167 .- 1890-9167. ; 4:2, s. 41-59
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This article uses a discursive lens to illuminate how writing and the writing child is constructed in different texts since the nineteenth century. The concept ‘image’ is used as an analytical tool to gain perspective on dominant ideas about children as writers and their educational writing practices. These images are produced in educational practices, theories of writing, societal conceptions and didactic models, which together are referred to as a formation. The article ends by reflecting upon what consequences may be seen if taking a critical child perspective. The article provides an analysis against which writing teachers, teacher educators and researchers can gain a perspective on dominant ideas about young writers and their educational writing practices.
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