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Sökning: swepub > Karlstads universitet > Linköpings universitet

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1.
  • Mørk, Cato, et al. (författare)
  • The Prostaglandin E1 Analog Misoprostol Reduces Symptoms and Microvascular Arteriovenous Shunting in Erythromelalgia : A Double-Blind, Crossover, Placebo-Compared Study
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Journal of Investigative Dermatology. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0022-202X .- 1523-1747. ; 122:3, s. 587-593
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Based on previous experience with parenteral prostanoids, we studied the effect of misoprostol treatment, an orally administered prostaglandin E1 analog, in patients with erythromelalgia. Treatment with placebo was followed by treatment with misoprostol (0.4–0.8 mg per d), both for 6 wk. The patients (n=21) and a study nurse who administered the trial were blinded. The endpoints were change in pain and need for cooling and global assessment of the treatment. Following central body heat provocation, global skin perfusion, capillary morphology, and change in pain were also recorded before and after each treatment period. Results were compared with data from healthy control subjects (n=11) that did not undergo treatment. Clinical safety and tolerability evaluation included physical examinations, clinical laboratory tests, and monitoring of adverse events. All clinical outcome measures were significantly better after treatment with misoprostol (p<0.01) as compared with placebo treatment and after a 3-mo follow-up without treatment. The heat-induced increase in global perfusion after misoprostol treatment was similar to the control group and significantly lower when compared with baseline (p<0.01) and placebo treatment (p<0.05), respectively. This study demonstrates that misoprostol is clinically superior to placebo in patients with erythromelalgia. The results of the perfusion studies may imply that the mechanism of action of the beneficial effect of misoprostol is reduced microvascular arteriovenous shunting in affected skin.
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  • Eckerblad, Jeanette, et al. (författare)
  • Symptom burden in community-dwelling older people with multimorbidity : a cross-sectional study
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: BMC Geriatrics. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1471-2318 .- 1471-2318. ; 15
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Globally, the population is ageing and lives with several chronic diseases for decades. A high symptom burden is associated with a high use of healthcare, admissions to nursing homes, and reduced quality of life. The aims of this study were to describe the multidimensional symptom profile and symptom burden in community-dwelling older people with multimorbidity, and to describe factors related to symptom burden. Methods: A cross-sectional study including 378 community-dwelling people >= 75 years, who had been hospitalized >= 3 times during the previous year, had >= 3 diagnoses in their medical records. The Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale was used to assess the prevalence, frequency, severity, distress and symptom burden of 31 symptoms. A multiple linear regression was performed to identify factors related to total symptom burden. Results: The mean number of symptoms per participant was 8.5 (4.6), and the mean total symptom burden score was 0.62 (0.41). Pain was the symptom with the highest prevalence, frequency, severity and distress. Half of the study group reported the prevalence of lack of energy and a dry mouth. Poor vision, likelihood of depression, and diagnoses of the digestive system were independently related to the total symptom burden score. Conclusion: The older community-dwelling people with multimorbidity in this study suffered from a high symptom burden with a high prevalence of pain. Persons with poor vision, likelihood of depression, and diseases of the digestive system are at risk of a higher total symptom burden and might need age-specific standardized guidelines for appropriate management.
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4.
  • Eckerblad, Jeanette, et al. (författare)
  • To adjust and endure : a qualitative study of symptom burden in older people with multimorbidity
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Applied Nursing Research. - : Elsevier. - 0897-1897 .- 1532-8201. ; 28:4, s. 322-327
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Context Older people with multimorbidity are vulnerable and often suffer from conditions that produce a multiplicity of symptoms and a reduced health-related quality of life. Objectives The aim of this study is to explore the experience of living with a high symptom burden from the perspective of older community-dwelling people with multi-morbidity.Method A qualitative descriptive design with semi-structured interviews, including 20 community-dwelling older people with multi-morbidity and a high symptom burden. The participants were 79-€“89 years old with a mean of 12 symptoms per person. Data were analyzed using content analyses.Results The experience of living with a high symptom burden revealed the overall theme, “To adjust and endure” and three sub-themes. The first sub-theme was "To feel inadequate and limited". Participants reported that they no longer had the capacity or the ability to manage, and they felt limited and isolated from friends or family. The second sub-theme was "To feel dependent". This was a new and inconvenient experience; the burden they put on others caused a feeling of guilt. The final sub-theme was "To feel dejected". The strength to manage and control their conditions was gone; the only thing left to do was to sit or lie down and wait for it all to pass.Conclusion This study highlights the importance of a holistic approach when taking care of older people with multi-morbidity. This approach should employ a broad symptom assessment to reveal diseases and conditions that are possible to treat or improve.
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5.
  • Gauffin, Helena, et al. (författare)
  • Medical outcome in epilepsy patients of young adulthood-A 5-year follow-up study
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: SEIZURE-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPILEPSY. - : Elsevier BV. - 1059-1311 .- 1532-2688. ; 18:4, s. 293-297
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The appearance of new anti-epileptic drugs (AED) during the last decade has provided neurologists and their patients with a greater choice, but the proof for their superiority over traditional AEDs is sparse, especially their use in adolescence and Young adulthood. We studied a group Of Young adults (18-27 years) with epilepsy and compared their Situation in 2004 with those 5 years earlier. Materials and methods: The participants (n = 97) answered questionnaires regarding seizure-frequency, AED, side-effects and quality-of-life. Information was also taken from medical records. Results: The use of new generation AEDs increased during the 5-year study period, particularly among women. However seizure frequency had not changed significantly over time, and compared to men the effectiveness in controlling seizures Was lower in women. The participants reported normal quality-of-life (QOL), which may indicate that the increase in number of AEDs to choose from actually improved the situation for these Young adults with epilepsy. Frequency of seizures and cognitive side-effects of AEDs were associated with a lower QOL. Conclusions: More women than men seem to be treated with new AEDs, and that the increase in use of new AEDs does not reduce seizure frequency in young adulthood. The effectiveness in controlling seizures seems to be lower in women in the age group Studied. Further Studies are required to better understand how epilepsy related factors interact.  
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6.
  • Höglund, Markus, et al. (författare)
  • Dental clinicians recognizing signs of dental anxiety : a grounded theory study
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 81:5, s. 340-348
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction and ObjectiveThere is a knowledge gap in how dental clinicians recognise dental anxiety. The aim of this study was to identify, describe and generate concepts regarding this process.Materials and MethodsEleven semi-structured interviews were conducted with dental clinicians from the public dental service of ostergotland, Sweden. Purposive and theoretical sampling was used. Theoretical saturation was reached after eight interviews. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Classical grounded theory was used to inductively analyse data by constant comparative analysis.ResultsThe core category was identified as; 'the clinical eye', clinicians noticing behaviours possibly due to dental anxiety based on their knowledge, experiences, or intuition. The core category comprises the five categories: Sympathetic activation, Patient-reported anxiety, Controlling behaviours, Avoidance and Accomplishment. Initially there is usually uncertainty about whether a behaviour is due to dental anxiety or part of a patient's normal behaviour. To gain additional certainty, clinicians need to recognise a stressor as something in the dental setting by observing a change in behaviour, for better or for worse, in the anticipation, presence or removal of the stressor.ConclusionsClinicians identify patients as dentally anxious if their behaviour changes with exposure to a stressor.
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  • Damas, Giane Benvinda, et al. (författare)
  • Carbon dioxide reduction mechanism on Ru-based electrocatalysts [Ru(bpy)(2)(CO)(2)](2+) : insights from first-principles theory
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Sustainable Energy & Fuels. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2398-4902. ; 5:23, s. 6066-6076
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Solar fuel production through the so-called artificial photosynthesis has attracted a great deal of attention to the development of a new world energy matrix that is renewable and environmentally friendly. This process is characterized by light absorption with enough photon energy to generate conduction electrons, which drive the carbon dioxide reduction to produce organic fuels. It is also common to couple Ru-complex electrocatalysts to form a more efficient and selective hybrid system for this application. In this work, we have undertaken a thorough investigation of the redox reaction mechanism of Ru-based electrocatalysts by means of density functional theory (DFT) methods under the experimental conditions that have been previously reported. More specifically, we have studied the electrochemistry and catalytic activity of the [Ru(bpy)(2)(CO)(2)](2+) coordination complex. Our theoretical assessment supports the following catalytic cycle: (i) [Ru(bpy)(2)(CO)(2)](2+) is transformed into [Ru(bpy)(2)(CO)](0) upon two-electron reduction and CO release; (ii) [Ru(bpy)(2)(CO)](0) is protonated to form the [Ru(bpy)(2)(CO)H](+) hydride complex; (iii) CO2 is activated by the hydride complex through an electrophilic addition to form the [Ru(bpy)(2)(CO)(OCHO)](+) intermediate; (iv) the resulting formic acid ligand is released in solution; and, finally, (v) the CO ligand is reattached to the complex to recover the initial [Ru(bpy)(2)(CO)(2)](2+) catalyst.
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10.
  • Eckerblad, Jeanette, et al. (författare)
  • Symptom burden in stable COPD patients with moderate or severe airflow limitation
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Heart & Lung. - : Elsevier. - 0147-9563 .- 1527-3288. ; 43:4, s. 351-357
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: To describe a multidimensional symptom profile in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and determine whether symptom experience differed between patients with moderate or severe airflow limitations.BACKGROUND: Patients with severe airflow limitation experience numerous symptoms, but little is known regarding patients with moderate airflow limitation.METHODS: A multidimensional symptom profile (Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale) was assessed in 42 outpatients with moderate and 49 with severe airflow limitations.RESULTS: The mean number of symptoms in the total sample was 7.9 (±4.3) with no difference between patients with moderate and severe airflow limitations. The most prevalent symptoms with the highest MSAS symptom burden scores were shortness of breath, dry mouth, cough, sleep problems, and lack of energy in both groups.CONCLUSIONS: Patients with moderate or severe airflow limitations experience multiple symptoms with high severity and distress. An assessment of their multidimensional symptom profile might contribute to better symptom management.
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