SwePub
Sök i SwePub databas

  Utökad sökning

Träfflista för sökning "swepub ;lar1:(kau);lar1:(su)"

Sökning: swepub > Karlstads universitet > Stockholms universitet

  • Resultat 1-10 av 381
Sortera/gruppera träfflistan
   
NumreringReferensOmslagsbildHitta
1.
  • Fazey, Ioan, et al. (författare)
  • Transforming knowledge systems for life on Earth : Visions of future systems and how to get there
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Energy Research & Social Science. - : Elsevier. - 2214-6296 .- 2214-6326. ; 70
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Formalised knowledge systems, including universities and research institutes, are important for contemporary societies. They are, however, also arguably failing humanity when their impact is measured against the level of progress being made in stimulating the societal changes needed to address challenges like climate change. In this research we used a novel futures-oriented and participatory approach that asked what future envisioned knowledge systems might need to look like and how we might get there. Findings suggest that envisioned future systems will need to be much more collaborative, open, diverse, egalitarian, and able to work with values and systemic issues. They will also need to go beyond producing knowledge about our world to generating wisdom about how to act within it. To get to envisioned systems we will need to rapidly scale methodological innovations, connect innovators, and creatively accelerate learning about working with intractable challenges. We will also need to create new funding schemes, a global knowledge commons, and challenge deeply held assumptions. To genuinely be a creative force in supporting longevity of human and non-human life on our planet, the shift in knowledge systems will probably need to be at the scale of the enlightenment and speed of the scientific and technological revolution accompanying the second World War. This will require bold and strategic action from governments, scientists, civic society and sustained transformational intent.
  •  
2.
  • Balk, Lennart, et al. (författare)
  • Widespread episodic thiamine deficiency in Northern Hemisphere wildlife
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Many wildlife populations are declining at rates higher than can be explained by known threats to biodiversity. Recently, thiamine (vitamin B-1) deficiency has emerged as a possible contributing cause. Here, thiamine status was systematically investigated in three animal classes: bivalves, ray-finned fishes, and birds. Thiamine diphosphate is required as a cofactor in at least five life-sustaining enzymes that are required for basic cellular metabolism. Analysis of different phosphorylated forms of thiamine, as well as of activities and amount of holoenzyme and apoenzyme forms of thiaminedependent enzymes, revealed episodically occurring thiamine deficiency in all three animal classes. These biochemical effects were also linked to secondary effects on growth, condition, liver size, blood chemistry and composition, histopathology, swimming behaviour and endurance, parasite infestation, and reproduction. It is unlikely that the thiamine deficiency is caused by impaired phosphorylation within the cells. Rather, the results point towards insufficient amounts of thiamine in the food. By investigating a large geographic area, by extending the focus from lethal to sublethal thiamine deficiency, and by linking biochemical alterations to secondary effects, we demonstrate that the problem of thiamine deficiency is considerably more widespread and severe than previously reported.
  •  
3.
  • Kreshpaj, Bertina, et al. (författare)
  • Business performance and occupational injuries trajectories in the construction sector in Sweden
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 152
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: To identify patterns in business performance and occupational injuries (OIs) in the Swedish construction sector between 2003 and 2015 and investigate associations between these trajectories. Methods: Company-level data were gathered from national registers. An open cohort of 13,089 private construction companies were classified by size. Yearly business performance indicators were return on equity, operating margin, and labor-to-revenue ratio. OIs rate was defined as number of injuries divided by number of employees. Group-based trajectory models were performed to identify companies with similar patterns in business performance and OIs rate over time. Associations were investigated with binomial regression models. Results: The model identified two main patterns (high/low) of injuries and business indicators for all company sizes. Trends in low labor-to-revenue ratio were associated with a high injury rate with a pooled estimate of 1.43 (95% CI 1.22–1.64) with some variation by company size: super small OR 1.3 (95% CI 1.01–1.62), small, OR 1.74 (95% CI 1.39–2.18), medium OR 1.3 (95% CI 0.9–1.8) and large OR 2.1 (95% CI 0.77–5.7). Similarly, low patterns of returns on equity were associated with high injury rate patterns across all company sizes, excluding small enterprises. No associations were found for operating margin patterns. Conclusions: Low returns on equity and labor-to-revenue ratio were associated with higher OIs rate trajectories in the Swedish construction sector, which has implications for injury prevention as well as targeted surveillance and inspection. Further studies could investigate other economic sectors and possible mechanisms for this association.
  •  
4.
  • Rydström, Anders, et al. (författare)
  • Occupational complexity and cognition in the FINGER multidomain intervention trial
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Alzheimer's & Dementia. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 18:12, s. 2438-2447
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction Lifetime exposure to occupational complexity is linked to late-life cognition, and may affect benefits of preventive interventions. Methods In the 2-year multidomain Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER), we investigated, through post hoc analyses (N = 1026), the association of occupational complexity with cognition. Occupational complexity with data, people, and substantive complexity were classified through the Dictionary of Occupational Titles. Results Higher levels of occupational complexity were associated with better baseline cognition. Measures of occupational complexity had no association with intervention effects on cognition, except for occupational complexity with data, which was associated with the degree of intervention-related gains for executive function. Discussion In older adults at increased risk for dementia, higher occupational complexity is associated with better cognition. The cognitive benefit of the FINGER intervention did not vary significantly among participants with different levels of occupational complexity. These exploratory findings require further testing in larger studies.
  •  
5.
  • Solomon, Alina, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of the Apolipoprotein E Genotype on Cognitive Change During a Multidomain Lifestyle Intervention A Subgroup Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: JAMA Neurology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6149 .- 2168-6157. ; 75:4, s. 462-470
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • IMPORTANCE The role of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon 4 allele as an effect modifier in lifestyle interventions to prevent cognitive impairment is still unclear. OBJECTIVE To examine whether the APOE epsilon 4 allele modifies the previously reported significant cognitive benefits of a multidomain lifestyle intervention (prespecified subgroup analysis). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) was a randomized clinical trial in 6 centers across Finland (screening and randomization performed from September 7, 2009, through November 24, 2011; intervention duration, 2 years). Data analysis was performed from August 1, 2015, to March 31, 2016. The study population was at-risk older individuals from the general population. Inclusion criteria were age of 60 to 77 years; Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Dementia risk score of at least 6 points; and cognition at a mean level or slightly lower than expected for age. Individuals with dementia or substantial cognitive impairment and conditions that prevented cooperation or safe engagement in the intervention were excluded. APOE genotype data were available for 1175 of the 1260 participants. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomly assigned in a 1: 1 ratio to a multidomain intervention group (diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk management) or a control group (general health advice). Group allocation was not actively disclosed to participants, and outcome assessors were masked to group allocation. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary outcome was change in cognition measured through a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. Analysis was based on modified intention to treat (participants with at least 1 postbaseline assessment). RESULTS A total of 1109 participants (mean [SD] age, 69.3 [4.7] years; 514 [46.3%] female) were included in the analysis: 362 APOE epsilon 4 allele carriers (173 intervention and 189 control) and 747 noncarriers (380 intervention and 367 control). The APOE epsilon 4 carriers and noncarriers were not significantly different at baseline (except for serum cholesterol level). The difference between the intervention and control groups in annual neuropsychological test battery total score change was 0.037 (95% CI, 0.001 to 0.073) among carriers and 0.014 (95% CI, -0.011 to 0.039) among noncarriers. Intervention effect was not significantly different between carriers and noncarriers (0.023; 95% CI, -0.021 to 0.067). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Healthy lifestyle changesmay be beneficial for cognition in older at-risk individuals even in the presence of APOE-related genetic susceptibility to dementia. Whether such benefits are more pronounced in APOE epsilon 4 carriers compared with noncarriers should be further investigated. The findings also emphasize the importance of early prevention strategies that target multiple modifiable risk factors simultaneously.
  •  
6.
  • Turunen, Jani, et al. (författare)
  • Self-esteem in children in joint physical custody and other living arrangements.
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Public Health. - : Saunders Elsevier. - 0033-3506 .- 1476-5616. ; 149, s. 106-112
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: Parental support has been shown to be important for children's self-esteem, which in turn is related to later important life outcomes. Today, an increasing number of children in the Western world spend time in both the parents' respective households after a separation. Children who live with both parents report more parental support than children who live only with one parent after a divorce. We took the opportunity of the commonness of children sharing their time between their parents' homes in Sweden to investigate children's self-esteem in relation to family type.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: With nationally representative survey data (ULF) collected from both parents and children, we analyze differences in children's self-esteem among 4823 10-18 year olds in nuclear families, joint physical custody and those living mostly or only with one parent after a separation using ordinary least squares regression, adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.RESULTS: We found no significant difference in self-esteem between children who lived equally much with both parents, mostly with one parent and those in nuclear families, whereas children in single care showed lower self-esteem compared with children in the other living arrangements. The difference was not explained by socioeconomic factors.CONCLUSION: The self-esteem of children who share their time between their parent's respective homes after a separation does not deviate from that in their peers in nuclear families. Instead, those in single care reported lower self-esteem than those in the other living arrangements. These differences were not explained by socioeconomic factors. Longitudinal studies are needed to establish pre- and post-separation family characteristics that influence self-esteem and well-being in young people.
  •  
7.
  • Vaskivuo, Laura, et al. (författare)
  • Self and Informant Memory Reports in FINGER : Associations with Two-Year Cognitive Change
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. - : IOS PRESS. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 71:3, s. 785-795
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Subjective memory complaints (SMCs) may be the first sign of cognitive decline in aging. Objective: To examine whether SMCs reported by oneself and informant predict cognitive change over 2 years among at-risk elderly people, and to determine the relationship of different types of SMCs (prospective and retrospective memory complaints) and change in cognitive function. Methods: This investigation is part of the FINGER project, which is a multicenter randomized controlled trial aiming at preventing cognitive decline in cognitively healthy older adults with increased risk of dementia. A subsample of 303 controlgroup participants (aged 60-80 years) and their informants (n = 261) rated the frequency of SMCs, using the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ). Cognitive performance was measured at baseline and at 1- and 2-year follow-up visits using a neuropsychological test battery. Results: Participants who reported more SMCs improved less in global cognition, executive function, and memory during the subsequent 2 years in the fully-adjusted analyses. Self-reported retrospective memory problems predicted less improvement in all cognitive domains, whereas prospective memory problems did not. Informant-reported memory problems were not linked to subsequent change in cognition. Conclusion: Our results indicate that self-reported SMCs, measured with PRMQ, predict future cognitive change in several cognitive domains. By contrast, reports by informants were not linked to changes in cognition. Among cognitively healthy at-risk elderly individuals, the persons themselves observe more easily problems relevant for their future cognitive trajectories than their informants.
  •  
8.
  • Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf, 1957-, et al. (författare)
  • A Novel Approach to Chemical Mixture Risk Assessment—Linking Data from Population-Based Epidemiology and Experimental Animal Tests
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Risk Analysis. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0272-4332 .- 1539-6924. ; 39:10, s. 2259-2271
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Humans are continuously exposed to chemicals with suspected or proven endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Risk management of EDCs presents a major unmet challenge because the available data for adverse health effects are generated by examining one compound at a time, whereas real-life exposures are to mixtures of chemicals. In this work, we integrate epidemiological and experimental evidence toward a whole mixture strategy for risk assessment. To illustrate, we conduct the following four steps in a case study: (1) identification of single EDCs (“bad actors”)—measured in prenatal blood/urine in the SELMA study—that are associated with a shorter anogenital distance (AGD) in baby boys; (2) definition and construction of a “typical” mixture consisting of the “bad actors” identified in Step 1; (3) experimentally testing this mixture in an in vivo animal model to estimate a dose–response relationship and determine a point of departure (i.e., reference dose [RfD]) associated with an adverse health outcome; and (4) use a statistical measure of “sufficient similarity” to compare the experimental RfD (from Step 3) to the exposure measured in the human population and generate a “similar mixture risk indicator” (SMRI). The objective of this exercise is to generate a proof of concept for the systematic integration of epidemiological and experimental evidence with mixture risk assessment strategies. Using a whole mixture approach, we could find a higher rate of pregnant women under risk (13%) when comparing with the data from more traditional models of additivity (3%), or a compound-by-compound strategy (1.6%).
  •  
9.
  • Gennings, Chris, et al. (författare)
  • Incorporating regulatory guideline values in analysis of epidemiology data
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 120, s. 535-543
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Fundamental to regulatory guidelines is to identify chemicals that are implicated with adverse human health effects and inform public health risk assessors about “acceptable ranges” of such environmental exposures (e.g., from consumer products and pesticides). The process is made more difficult when accounting for complex human exposures to multiple environmental chemicals. Herein we propose a new class of nonlinear statistical models for human data that incorporate and evaluate regulatory guideline values into analyses of health effects of exposure to chemical mixtures using so-called ‘desirability functions’ (DFs). The DFs are incorporated into nonlinear regression models to allow for the simultaneous estimation of points of departure for risk assessment of combinations of individual substances that are parts of chemical mixtures detected in humans. These are, in contrast to published so-called biomonitoring equivalent (BE) values and human biomonitoring (HBM) values that link regulatory guideline values from in vivo studies of single chemicals to internal concentrations monitored in humans. We illustrate the strategy through the analysis of prenatal concentrations of mixtures of 11 chemicals with suspected endocrine disrupting properties and two health effects: birth weight and language delay at 2.5 years. The strategy allows for the creation of a Mixture Desirability Function i.e., MDF, which is a uni-dimensional construct of the set of single chemical DFs; thus, it focuses the resulting inference to a single dimension for a more powerful one degree-of-freedom test of significance. Based on the application of this new method we conclude that the guideline values need to be lower than those for single chemicals when the chemicals are observed in combination to achieve a similar level of protection as was aimed for the individual chemicals. The proposed modeling may thus suggest data-driven uncertainty factors for single chemical risk assessment that takes environmental mixtures into account.
  •  
10.
  •  
Skapa referenser, mejla, bekava och länka
  • Resultat 1-10 av 381
Typ av publikation
tidskriftsartikel (243)
bokkapitel (60)
konferensbidrag (30)
bok (13)
doktorsavhandling (12)
recension (7)
visa fler...
samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (4)
rapport (4)
annan publikation (4)
forskningsöversikt (2)
licentiatavhandling (2)
visa färre...
Typ av innehåll
refereegranskat (214)
övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt (139)
populärvet., debatt m.m. (28)
Författare/redaktör
Micheletti, Michele (31)
Sundholm, John (23)
Krohn Andersson, Fre ... (23)
Ågren, Jack, 1966- (17)
Andersson, Ole (12)
Björklund, Mattias, ... (9)
visa fler...
Sandahl, Johan, 1974 ... (8)
Forsberg, Gunnel (7)
Heydari, Hoshang (7)
Chang Rundgren, Shu- ... (6)
Wadensjö, Eskil (5)
Lundholm, Cecilia (5)
Sverke, Magnus (5)
Sundholm, John, 1964 ... (5)
Shu, Huan (5)
Tillfors, Maria, 196 ... (4)
Bornehag, Carl-Gusta ... (4)
Bladh, Gabriel, 1959 ... (4)
Harring, Niklas, 197 ... (4)
Tronvoll, Bård, 1964 ... (4)
Ågren, Jack (4)
Sihvonen, Antti (3)
Kowalkowski, Christi ... (3)
Kivipelto, Miia (3)
Lindh, Christian (3)
Tuomilehto, Jaakko (3)
Soininen, Hilkka (3)
Nilsson, Mattias (3)
Rüegg, Joelle (3)
Hörnedal, Niklas (3)
Wårdh, Inger (3)
Berg, Marcus (3)
Näswall, Katharina (3)
Lindfors, Petra (3)
Mörtberg, Ewa (3)
Andersson, Lars Gust ... (3)
Berger, Sune (3)
Tväråna, Malin (3)
Gericke, Niklas, 197 ... (3)
Lundholm, Cecilia, 1 ... (3)
Asplund, Stig-Börje, ... (3)
Stigsdotter Neely, A ... (3)
Ngandu, Tiia (3)
Åhman, Karin (3)
Laatikainen, Tiina (3)
Gennings, Chris (3)
Niemi, Kristian, 198 ... (3)
Turunen, Jani (3)
Reichel, Jane (3)
Fahlgren, Maria, 196 ... (3)
visa färre...
Lärosäte
Språk
Engelska (207)
Svenska (169)
Tyska (3)
Odefinierat språk (1)
Spanska (1)
Forskningsämne (UKÄ/SCB)
Samhällsvetenskap (251)
Humaniora (78)
Naturvetenskap (43)
Medicin och hälsovetenskap (23)
Teknik (2)
Lantbruksvetenskap (2)

År

Kungliga biblioteket hanterar dina personuppgifter i enlighet med EU:s dataskyddsförordning (2018), GDPR. Läs mer om hur det funkar här.
Så här hanterar KB dina uppgifter vid användning av denna tjänst.

 
pil uppåt Stäng

Kopiera och spara länken för att återkomma till aktuell vy