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- Priebe, Gisela, et al.
(författare)
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Child sexual abuse is largely hidden from the adult society An epidemiological study of adolescents' disclosures : An epidemiological study of adolescents' disclosures
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect. - : Elsevier. - 0145-2134 .- 1873-7757. ; 32:12, s. 1095-1108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate disclosure rates and disclosure patterns and to examine predictors of non-disclosure in a sample of male and female adolescents with self-reported experiences of sexual abuse. Method: A sample of 4,339 high school seniors (2,324 girls, 2,015 boys) was examined with a questionnaire concerning sexual experiences in this study with a focus on disclosure of sexual abuse (non-contact, contact or penetrating abuse, and including peer abuse). Results: Of the sample, 1,505 girls (65%) and 457 boys (23%) reported experience of sexual abuse. The disclosure rate was 81% (girls) and 69% (boys). Girls and boys disclosed most often to a friend of their own age. Few had disclosed to professionals. Even fewer said that the incident had been reported to the authorities. Logistic regression showed that it was less likely for girls to disclose if they had experienced contact sexual abuse with or without penetration, abuse by a family member, only a single abuse occasion or if they had perceived their parents as non-caring. Boys were less likely to disclose if they studied a vocational program, lived with both parents or had perceived their parents as either caring and overprotective or non-caring and not overprotective. Conclusions: Disclosing sexual abuse is a complex process. Much is hidden from the adult society, especially from professionals and the legal system. Since peers are the most common receivers of abuse information, programs for supporting peers ought to be developed. Differences in disclosure patterns for girls and boys indicate that a gender perspective is helpful when developing guidelines for professionals. Practice implications: Professionals, especially in the school system, need to be more aware of the finding that few sexually abused children seek help from professionals or other adults and that support offers should be directly addressed not only to the vulnerable young persons themselves but also to peers who wish to help a friend. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Svedin, Carl Göran, et al.
(författare)
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The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire as a screening instrument in a community sample of high school seniors in Sweden
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 62:3, s. 225-232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) has been used among Swedish children since 1996, usually the parent or the teacher version. The self-report version was originally developed for children aged 11-16 years. The aim of this study was to investigate the application of the Swedish self-report version to a representative sample of 1015 senior high school students aged 17-19 years. Girls reported more emotional symptoms and scored higher on prosocial items than boys. Boys on the other hand scored higher on both conduct and peer problems. The means were similar to means in two Nordic studies that have included subjects of this age group. A confirmatory five-factor analyses explained 44.5% of the variance with a good fit for all subjects and boys but somewhat weaker for girls. The item-subscale correlation (ISC) ranged from moderate to high (r=0.47-0.76) and the Cronbach's alpha was 0.74 (ranging in the five subscales 0.50-0.70). The SDQ seems to be useful even in this older age group. The psychometric qualities were acceptable but can probably be improved by changing the oppositely worded questions and by considering development of different questionnaires for boys and girls at least in late adolescence.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Brodersen, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Condition-dependent individual decision-making determines cyprinid partial migration
- 2008
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Ingår i: Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0012-9658 .- 1939-9170. ; 89:5, s. 1195-1200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Partial migration is a common phenomenon among many animals and occurs in many types of ecosystems. Understanding the mechanisms behind partial migration is of major importance for the understanding of population dynamics and, eventually, ecosystem processes. We studied the effects of food availability on the seasonal partial migration of cyprinid fish from a lake to connected streams during winter by the use of passive telemetry. Fish with increased access to food were found to migrate in higher proportion, earlier in the season, and to reside in the streams for a longer period compared to fish with decreased access to food. Furthermore, fewer unfed migrants returned to the lake, indicating higher overwinter mortality. Our results suggest that individual fish trade off safety from predation and access to food differently depending on their body condition, which results in a condition-dependent partial migration. Hence, our main conclusion is that individual decision-making is based on assessment of own condition which offers a mechanistic explanation to partial migration. Moreover, this may be of high importance for understanding population responses to environmental variation as well as ecosystem dynamics and stability. Read More: http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/07-1318.1
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Skov, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Inter- and size-specific patterns of fish seasonal migration between a shallow lake and its streams
- 2008
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Ingår i: Ecology of Freshwater Fish. - : Wiley. - 0906-6691 .- 1600-0633. ; 17:3, s. 406-415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in Undetermined This study used passive telemetry (passive integrated transponders) to evaluate winter migration in three species of cyprinids (roach (Rutilus rutilus (L.)), white bream (Blicca bjoerkna (L.)) and rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus (L.))) and their potential predators (pike (Esox lucius (L.)) and perch (Perca fluviatilis (L.))) between a shallow lake and its streams. Migration patterns were investigated from October to June, and a substantial part of the roach (40%) and white bream (55%) populations tagged in the lake during autumn migrated during winter into the streams, whereas only very few piscivores (< 2%) migrated. In contrast to roach and white bream, only few rudd (< 6%) migrated, which is likely a consequence of different overwintering strategies, e.g., rudd overwintering in shallow highly structured habitats. Small rudd migrated more than larger rudd, whereas there were no size-differentiated migration patterns for roach or white bream. Migration of the cyprinid fishes was generally initiated in late October and ended in May, and specific synchronised bursts of migration were observed in December, January and April, suggesting that migration is triggered by one or more proximate environmental cues. The cyprinid fishes generally entered the streams in late afternoon or in the morning, depending on season, but overall migration patterns varied between the three streams. We suggest and discuss that our results have great implications for lake management as well as for the interpretation of seasonal trophic dynamics in shallow lakes.
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