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1.
  • Sjögren, M., et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Antifouling activity of brominated cyclopeptides from the marine sponge Geodia barretti
  • 2004
  • record:In_t: Journal of Natural Products. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0163-3864 .- 1520-6025. ; 67:3, s. 368-372
  • swepub:Mat_article_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • In this work, we show the potent antifouling effects of two compounds, barettin (cyclo[(6-bromo-8-entryptophan)arginine]) (1), isolated as a Z/E mixture (87/13), and 8,9-dihydrobarettin (cyclo[(6-bromotryptophan)arginine]) (2), isolated from the marine sponge Geodia barretti. The compounds were isolated guided by their ability to inhibit the settlement of cyprid larvae of the barnacle Balanus improvisus, and their structures were determined by means of mass spectrometry, NMR, and quantitative amino acid analysis. The activities of these brominated diketopiperazine-like cyclic dipeptides are in the range of antifouling agents in use today, as shown by their EC50 values of 0.9 and 7.9 muM, respectively. However, contrary to today's antifouling agents, the effects of barettin and 8,9-dihydrobarettin are nontoxic and reversible. A small set of synthetic analogues, including L-arginine, L-tryptophan, 5-bromo-D,L-tryptophan, 6-bromo-D,L-tryptophan, and 6-fluoro-D,L-tryptophan, were tested for possible structure-activity relationships. None of these compounds showed any effect at a concentration of 10 muM. We hypothesize that the isolated compounds are part of the sponge's chemical defense to deter fouling organisms. This theory is supported by the fact that barettin is found in water exposed to living specimens of G. barretti in concentrations that completely inhibit barnacles from settling.
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2.
  • Hallgren, Hanna, 1972- (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Sista ordet : nya dikter av Hanna Hallgren
  • 2004
  • record:In_t: Kvinnovetenskaplig tidskrift. - 0348-8365. ; :3, s. 115-116
  • swepub:Mat_article_t (swepub:level_popularscientific_t)
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3.
  • Johnson, Ann-Louise, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Synthesis of barettin
  • 2004
  • record:In_t: Tetrahedron. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-4020 .- 1464-5416. ; 60:4, s. 961-965
  • swepub:Mat_article_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • The indole alkaloid barettin (with bromine in 6-position), isolated from the marine sponge Geodia Barretti, has been synthesised via a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons type reaction from 6-bromoindole-3-carboxaldehyde to introduce the dehydro-functionality. Subsequent deprotection and cyclisation afforded the natural product in Z-conformation.
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4.
  • Lundström, Annika, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Vilse, a conserved Rac/Cdc42 GAP mediating Robo repulsion in tracheal cells and axons
  • 2004
  • record:In_t: Genes & Development. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. - 0890-9369 .- 1549-5477. ; 18:17, s. 2161-2171
  • swepub:Mat_article_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • Slit proteins steer the migration of many cell types through their binding to Robo receptors, but how Robo controls cell motility is not clear. We describe the functional analysis of vilse, a Drosophila gene required for Robo repulsion in epithelial cells and axons. Vilse defines a conserved family of RhoGAPs (Rho GTPase-activating proteins), with representatives in flies and vertebrates. The phenotypes of vilse mutants resemble the tracheal and axonal phenotypes of Slit and Robo mutants at the CNS midline. Dosage-sensitive genetic interactions between vilse, slit, and robo mutants suggest that vilse is a component of robo signaling. Moreover, overexpression of Vilse in the trachea of robo mutants ameliorates the phenotypes of robo, indicating that Vilse acts downstream of Robo to mediate midline repulsion. Vilse and its human homolog bind directly to the intracellular domains of the corresponding Robo receptors and promote the hydrolysis of RacGTP and, less efficiently, of Cdc42GTP. These results together with genetic interaction experiments with robo, vilse, and rac mutants suggest a mechanism whereby Robo repulsion is mediated by the localized inactivation of Rac through Vilse.
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5.
  • Stjerna, Marie-Louise, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • ”Social thinking” and cultural images : Teenagers' notions of tobacco use.
  • 2004
  • record:In_t: Social Science and Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-9536 .- 1873-5347. ; 59, s. 573-583
  • swepub:Mat_article_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • The health hazards of tobacco use are well-known, and it is considered particularly important to prevent tobacco use among teenagers. New generations of teenagers still start using tobacco. To develop a more profound understanding of tobacco use among teenagers, the purpose of this study is to explore representations of tobacco use, smoking as well as snuffing, at the age when young people often start using tobacco. Focus-group interviews were carried out with 14-15 year olds in two schools in the Stockholm area. The analysis reveals that teenagers are well informed about the health-hazards of tobacco use. At the same time they hold complex and conflicting ideas concerning the relationship between tobacco use, risk, the body and "human nature". At the most general level of "social thinking" there is a dynamic relation between the three main representations of tobacco use related to: (1) notions of risk, (2) "human nature" and; (3) society's efforts to discipline its citizens, which together can be seen as the social representation of tobacco use. These representations of tobacco use are discussed as related to the teenagers' identity-work and gender identities.
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6.
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7.
  • Gallio, Marco, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Rhomboid 3 orchestrates Slit-independent repulsion of tracheal branches at the CNS midline.
  • 2004
  • record:In_t: Development. - : The Company of Biologists. - 0950-1991 .- 1477-9129. ; 131:15, s. 3605-3614
  • swepub:Mat_article_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • EGF-receptor ligands act as chemoattractants for migrating epithelial cells during organogenesis and wound healing. We present evidence that Rhomboid 3/EGF signalling, which originates from the midline of the Drosophila ventral nerve cord, repels tracheal ganglionic branches and prevents them from crossing it. rho3 acts independently from the main midline repellent Slit, and originates from a different sub-population of midline cells: the VUM neurons. Expression of dominant-negative Egfr or Ras induces midline crosses, whereas activation of the Egfr or Ras in the leading cell of the ganglionic branch can induce premature turns away from the midline. This suggests that the level of Egfr intracellular signalling, rather than the asymmetric activation of the receptor on the cell surface, is an important determinant in ganglionic branch repulsion. We propose that Egfr activation provides a necessary switch for the interpretation of a yet unknown repellent function of the midline.
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8.
  • Kihlmark, Madeleine, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Correlation between nucleocytoplasmic transport and caspase–3-dependent dismantling of nuclear pores during apoptosis
  • 2004
  • record:In_t: Experimental Cell Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4827 .- 1090-2422. ; 293:2, s. 346-356
  • swepub:Mat_article_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • During apoptosis (also called programmed cell death), the chromatin condenses and the DNA is cleaved into oligonucleosomal fragments. Caspases are believed to play a major role in nuclear apoptosis. However, the relation between dismantling of nuclear pores, disruption of the nucleocytoplasmic barrier, and nuclear entry of caspases is unclear. We have analyzed nuclear import of the green fluorescent protein fused to a nuclear localization signal (GFP-NLS) in tissue culture cells undergoing apoptosis. Decreased nuclear accumulation of GFP-NLS could be detected at the onset of nuclear apoptosis manifested as dramatic condensation and redistribution of chromatin toward the nuclear periphery. At this step, dismantling of nuclear pores was already evident as indicated by proteolysis of the nuclear pore membrane protein POM121. Thus, disruption of nuclear compartmentalization correlated with early signs of nuclear pore damage. Both these events clearly preceded massive DNA fragmentation, detected by TUNEL assay. Furthermore, we show that in apoptotic cells, POM121 is specifically cleaved at aspartate-531 in its large C-terminal portion by a caspase-3-dependent mechanism. Cleavage of the C-terminal portion of POM121, which is adjoining the nuclear pore complex, is likely to disrupt interactions with other nuclear pore proteins affecting the stability of the pore complex. A temporal correlation of apoptotic events supports a model where caspase-dependent disassembly of nuclear pores and disruption of the nucleocytoplasmic barrier paves the way for nuclear entry of caspases and subsequent activation of CAD-mediated DNA fragmentation.
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9.
  • Koeck, Philip J. B. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Missing data in image and signal processing : The case of binary objects
  • 2004
  • record:In_t: Optik (Stuttgart). - : Elsevier BV. - 0030-4026 .- 1618-1336. ; 115:10, s. 459-472
  • swepub:Mat_article_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • I investigated which portions of the Fourier transform of binary signals, images and three-dimensional objects are necessary to correctly identify an object in the presence of noise. This is practically possible for very small binary data sets since the total number of possible objects is then very limited. There are for example 512 different binary images with 9 pixels. It is easy to see that this number soon becomes impractically large for bigger images or if one allows more than two possible pixel values. It turns out that even in the presence of large amounts of noise a relatively small portion of the Fourier transform is essential for deciding which of all possible binary objects the Fourier transform belongs to. These 'decision experiments' can be used as a standard for how well algorithms for retrieval of missing Fourier components perform. In another set of computer experiments I investigate the possibility of retrieving various missing Fourier components algorithmically. The main finding of this second set of computer experiments is that the simple retrieval algorithm (a limited form of 'projection onto convex sets') used falls very much short of what one might expect from the 'decision experiments'. I conclude with a discussion what this discrepancy might be due to and some suggestions how to improve the performance of retrieval algorithms for binary objects.
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10.
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