| 1. |
- Korotkov, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparison of brain activation after sustained non-fatiguing and fatiguing muscle contraction : a positron emission tomography study.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Experimental Brain Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0014-4819 .- 1432-1106. ; 163:1, s. 65-74
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of fatigue refers to a class of acute effects that can impair motor performance, and not to a single mechanism. A great deal is known about the peripheral mechanisms underlying the process of fatigue, but our knowledge of the roles of the central structures in that process is still very limited. During fatigue, it has been shown that peripheral apparatus is capable of generating adequate force while central structures become insufficient/sub-optimal in driving them. This is known as central fatigue, and it can vary between muscles and different tasks. Fatigue induced by submaximal isometric contraction may have a greater central component than fatigue induced by prolonged maximal efforts. We studied the changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of brain structures after sustained isometric muscle contractions of different submaximal force levels and of different durations, and compared them with the conditions observed when the sustained muscle contraction becomes fatiguing. Changes in cortical activity, as indicated by changes in rCBF, were measured using positron emission tomography (PET). Twelve subjects were studied under four conditions: (1) rest condition; (2) contraction of the m. biceps brachii at 30% of MVC, sustained for 60 s; (3) contraction at 30% of MVC, sustained for 120 s, and; (4) contraction at 50% of MVC, sustained for 120 s. The level of rCBF in the activated cortical areas gradually increased with the level and duration of muscle contraction. The fatiguing condition was associated with predominantly contralateral activation of the primary motor (MI) and the primary and secondary somatosensory areas (SI and SII), the somatosensory association area (SAA), and the temporal areas AA and AI. The supplementary motor area (SMA) and the cingula were activated bilaterally. The results show increased cortical activation, confirming that increased effort aimed at maintaining force in muscle fatigue is associated with increased activation of cortical neurons. At the same time, the activation spread to several cortical areas and probably reflects changes in both excitatory and inhibitory cortical circuits. It is suggested that further studies aimed at controlling afferent input from the muscle during fatigue may allow a more precise examination of the roles of each particular region involved in the processing of muscle fatigue.
|
|
| 2. |
- Lyskov, Eugene, et al.
(författare)
-
Low frequency therapeutic EMF differently influences experimental muscle pain in female and male subjects.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Bioelectromagnetics. - : Wiley. - 0197-8462 .- 1521-186X. ; 26:4, s. 299-304
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effects of a pulsating, half sine wave magnetic field (MF) with a frequency of 100 pps and 15 mT rms flux density, generated by the MD TEMF device (EMF Therapeutics, Inc., Chattanooga), on subjective pain rating, heart rate, and arterial blood pressure were tested in a double blind, crossover design study employing experimental muscle pain. Each of 24 healthy volunteers (12 females and 12 males, 24.7 +/- 3.2 years of age) received painful stimulation induced by the infusion of 5% hypertonic saline (HS) into the erector spinae muscle during real and sham MF exposure, in counterbalanced order. Exposure to MF differently affects subjective pain estimates in females and males. MF exposure increased averaged pain level and time integral of pain ratings in females, whereas no statistically significant difference for these characteristics was found in males. Pain related elevation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure was observed during both real and sham EMF exposure in female and male subjects.
|
|
| 3. |
- Thunberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Brain processing of tonic muscle pain induced by infusion of hypertonic saline.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Pain. - : Wiley. - 1090-3801 .- 1532-2149. ; 9:2, s. 185-94
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most of the previous studies on the effects of pain on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow (rCBF) had been done with brief cutaneous or intramuscular painful stimuli. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect on rCBF of long lasting tonic experimental muscle pain. To this end we performed PET investigations ofrCBF following tonic experimentallow back pain induced by continuous intramuscular infusion ofhypertonic (5%) saline (HS) with computer controIled infusion pump into the right erector spinae on L3 level in 19 healthy volunteers. Changes in rCBF were measured with the use of 150 labelled water during four conditions: Baseline (before start of infusion), Early Pain (4 min after start of infusion), Late Pain (20 min after start of infusion) and Post Pain (> 15 min after stop of infusion) conditions.Results of S PM analysis showed relative rCBF increase in the right insula and bilateral decrease in the temporo-parieto-occipital cortex during initial phase of painful stimulation (Early Pain) followed by activation of the medial prefrontal region and bilateral inhibition ofinsula, anterior cingulat and dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex mainly in ipsilateral hemisphere during Late Pain conditions. The results show that longer lasting tonic experimental muscle pain elicited by i.m infusion ofHS results in decreases rather than increases in rCBF. Possible explanations for differences found in rCBF during tonic hypertonic saline-induced experimental muscle pain as compared with previous findings are discussed.
|
|
