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- Engström, Christian, et al.
(author)
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Numerical methods for homogenization of Maxwell's equations
- 2004
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In: URSI 2004 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory. - : Pisa University Press. - 8884922526 - 9788884922526 ; , s. 987-989
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- When the wavelength is much larger than the typical scale of the microstructure in a material, it is possible to define effective or homogenized material coefficients. Two numerical methods for the determination of the homogenized coefficients are compared. Numerical examples, where extreme properties of the effective material are achieved in the two dimensional case, are presented.
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- Wolf, Annett, et al.
(author)
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Storm damage and long-term mortality in a semi-natural, temperate deciduous forest
- 2004
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In: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 188:1-3, s. 197-210
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- 1.Wind-damaged trees, following the severe storm of 1999, are compared with data from a 50-year monitoring of Draved Forest, Denmark, to assess differing causes of mortality through time in an unmanaged semi-natural forest. Species-specific mortality characteristics and the changing effects of tree size and growth rate (diameter increment) on mortality through time are also investigated.2.Storm was found to be the major mortality factor affecting large trees in this forest. For smaller trees, competition was an important cause of death, as trees that were found standing dead had a slower growth rate (diameter increment) than survivors.3.Individual species showed different mortality patterns. Betula died more often and Fagus less often than expected from their abundance. Betula, Fagus and Tilia were mainly wind-thrown, whereas for Alnus and Fraxinus, 50% of the mortality was observed as standing dead trees.4.Both wind and competition are important mortality factors in Draved Forest.
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- Dopson, Mark, et al.
(author)
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Characterization of Ferroplasma isolates and Ferroplasma acidarmanus sp. nov., extreme acidophiles from acid mine drainage and industrial bioleaching environments.
- 2004
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In: Appl Environ Microbiol. - 0099-2240 .- 1098-5336. ; 70:4, s. 2079-88
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Three recently isolated extremely acidophilic archaeal strains have been shown to be phylogenetically similar to Ferroplasma acidiphilum Y(T) by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. All four Ferroplasma isolates were capable of growing chemoorganotrophically on yeast extract or a range of sugars and chemomixotrophically on ferrous iron and yeast extract or sugars, and isolate "Ferroplasma acidarmanus" Fer1(T) required much higher levels of organic carbon. All four isolates were facultative anaerobes, coupling chemoorganotrophic growth on yeast extract to the reduction of ferric iron. The temperature optima for the four isolates were between 35 and 42 degrees C and the pH optima were 1.0 to 1.7, and "F. acidarmanus" Fer1(T) was capable of growing at pH 0. The optimum yeast extract concentration for "F. acidarmanus" Fer1(T) was higher than that for the other three isolates. Phenotypic results suggested that isolate "F. acidarmanus" Fer1(T) is of a different species than the other three strains, and 16S rRNA sequence data, DNA-DNA similarity values, and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein profiles clearly showed that strains DR1, MT17, and Y(T) group as a single species. "F. acidarmanus" Fer1(T) groups separately, and we propose the new species "F. acidarmanus" Fer1(T) sp. nov.
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- Dopson, Mark, et al.
(author)
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First use of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine phylogenetic relationships.
- 2004
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In: J Microbiol Methods. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-7012 .- 1872-8359. ; 58:3, s. 297-302
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Methods for microbial classification are not always capable of distinguishing between isolates at the species level. We have previously characterised four Ferroplasma isolates that were >98.9% similar at the 16S rDNA level, the isolates showed marked phenotypic differences, and one isolate was borderline on the 70% species boundary from DNA-DNA similarity data. In this study we have used statistical comparisons of two-dimensional polyacylamide gel electrophoresis gels for classification of closely related isolates. From the protein profile similarities an un-rooted tree was constructed that was congruent with a tree derived from DNA-DNA similarities.
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- Engström, Christian, et al.
(author)
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Homogenization of the Maxwell equations using Floquet-Bloch decomposition
- 2003
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In: Mathematical and numerical waves 2003. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783642558566 - 354040127X ; , s. 412-416
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using Bloch waves to represent the full solution of the Maxwell equations inperiodic media, we study the limit process where the material's period becomes much smaller than the wavelenght. it is seen that effective material parameters can be extracted and explicity represented in terms of the non-vanishing Bloch waves, providing an alternative means of homogenization.
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- Umefjord, Göran, et al.
(author)
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Primary care phycians’ experiences of carrying out consultations on the Internet
- 2004
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In: Informatics in Primary Care. - : Portico. - 1476-0320 .- 1475-9985. ; 12:2, s. 85-90
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The internet is increasingly used for health matters, including consulting a doctor. Primary care physicians (general practitioners) will probably be involved in performing text-based consultations on the internet as a complement to physical meetings. In the present study, we explored the experiences of GPs already performing consultations on the internet: the challenges, worries and educational demands of the task. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire was given to 21 GPs performing consultations on the internet for a public, non-commercial 'ask the doctor' service. The questionnaire was carried out at a meeting or sent by mail. The doctors answered a total of 28 questions, 12 of which included graded alternatives. RESULTS: The participating GPs were stimulated and challenged by performing consultations on the internet with previously unknown enquirers, in spite of limitations caused by the lack of personal meetings and physical examinations. The participants experienced a high educational value as a result of the problem-based learning situation induced by unfamiliar questions. The asynchronous feature was appreciated as it allowed time to reflect and perform relevant information searches before replying. Prior training and long-term experience as a family doctor were recommended before embarking on this method of consultation. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the GPs studied experienced their new role as internet doctors mainly in a positive way, with some limitations. With the increase in consultations on the internet, training in this technique should be integrated into the curricula of medical schools and of continuous professional development (CPD).
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