| 1. |
- Ivanov, A G, et al.
(författare)
-
Seasonal responses of photosynthetic electron transport in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) studied by thermoluminescence
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Planta. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0032-0935 .- 1432-2048. ; 215:3, s. 457-465
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The potential of photosynthesis to recover from winter stress was studied by following the thermoluminescence (TL) and chlorophyll fluorescence changes of winter pine needles during the exposure to room temperature (20 degreesC) and an irradiance of 100 mumol m(-2) s(-1). TL measurements of photosystem 11 (PSII) revealed that the S(2)Q(B)(-) charge recombinations (the B-band) were shifted to lower temperatures in winter pine needles, while the S(2)Q(A)(-) recombinations (the Q-band) remained close to 0 degreesC. This was accompanied by a drastically reduced (65%) PSII photochemical efficiency measured as F-v/F-m and a 20-fold faster rate of the fluorescence transient from F-o to F, as compared to summer pine. A strong positive correlation between the increase in the photochemical efficiency of PSII and the increase in the relative contribution of the B-band was found during the time course of the recovery process. The seasonal dynamics of TL in Scots pine needles studied under field conditions revealed that between November and April, the contribution of the Q- and B-bands to the overall TL emission was very low (less than 5%). During spring, the relative contribution of the Q- and B-bands, corresponding to charge recombination events between the acceptor and donor sides of PSII, rapidly increased, reaching maximal values in late July. A sharp decline of the B-band was observed in late summer, followed by a gradual decrease, reaching minimal values in November. Possible mechanisms of the seasonally induced changes in the redox properties Of S-2/S(3)Q(B)(-) recombinations are discussed. It is proposed that the lowered redox potential Of Q(B) in winter needles increases the population Of Q(A)(-). thus enhancing the probability for non-radiative P680(+) Q(A)(-) recombination. This is suggested to enhance the radiationless dissipation of excess light within the PSII reaction center during cold acclimation and during cold winter periods.
|
|
| 2. |
- Krol, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Low growth temperature inhibition of photosynthesis in cotyledons of jack pine seedlings (Pinus banksiana) is due to impaired chloroplast development
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Canadian Journal of Botany. - 0008-4026 .- 1480-3305. ; 80:10, s. 1042-1051
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cotyledons of jack pine seedlings (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) grown from seeds were expanded at low temperature (5degreesC), and total Chl content per unit area of cotyledons in these seedlings was only 57% of that observed for cotyledons on 20degreesC-grown controls. Chl a/b ratio of 5degreesC-grown jack pine was about 20% lower (2.3 +/- 0.1) than 20degreesC controls (2.8 +/- 0.3). Separation of Chl-protein complexes and SDS-PAGE indicated a significant reduction in the major Chl a containing complex of PSI (CP1) and PSII (CPa) relative to LHCII1 in 5degreesC compared to 20degreesC-grown seedlings. In addition, LHCII1/LHCII3 ratio increased from 3.8 in control (20degreesC) to 5.5 in 5degreesC-grown cotyledons. Ultrastructurally, 5degreesC-grown cotyledons had chloroplasts with swollen thylakoids as well as etiochloroplasts with distinct prolamellar bodies. Based on CO2-saturated O-2 evolution and in vivo Chl a fluorescence, cotyledons of 5degreesC jack pine exhibited an apparent photosynthetic efficiency that was 40% lower than 20degreesC controls. Seedlings grown at 5degreesC were photoinhibited more rapidly at 5degreesC and 1200 mumol.m(-2).s(-1) than controls grown at 20degreesC, although the final extent of photoinhibition was similar. Exposure to high light at 5degreesC stimulated the xanthophyll cycle in cotyledons of both controls and 5degreesC-grown seedlings. In contrast to winter cereals, we conclude that growth of jack pine at 5degreesC impairs normal chloroplast biogenesis, which leads to an inhibition of photosynthetic efficiency.
|
|
| 3. |
- Rojdestvenski, I, et al.
(författare)
-
Segregation of photosystems in thylakoid membranes as a critical phenomenon
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Biophysical Journal. - 0006-3495 .- 1542-0086. ; 82:4, s. 1719-1730
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The distribution of the two photosystems, PSI and PSII, in grana and stroma lamellae of the chloroplast membranes is not uniform. PSII are mainly concentrated in grana and PSI in stroma thylakoids. The dynamics and factors controlling the spatial segregation of PSI and PSII are generally not well understood, and here we address the segregation of photosystems in thylakoid membranes by means of a molecular dynamics method. The lateral segregation of photosystems was studied assuming a model comprising a two-dimensional (in-plane), two-component, many-body system with periodic boundary conditions and competing interactions between the photosystems in the thylakoid membrane. PSI and PSII are represented by particles with different values of negative charge. The pair interactions between particles include a screened Coulomb repulsive part and an exponentially decaying attractive part. The modeling results suggest a complicated phase behavior of the system, including quasi-crystalline phase of randomly distributed complexes of PSII and PSI at low ionic screening, well defined clustered state of segregated complexes at high screening, and in addition, an intermediate agglomerate phase where the photosystems tend to aggregate together without segregation. The calculations demonstrated that the ordering of photosystems within the membrane was the result of interplay between electrostatic and lipid-mediated interactions. At some values of the model parameters the segregation can be represented visually as well as by analyzing the correlation functions of the configuration.
|
|
| 4. |
- Sane, P V, et al.
(författare)
-
A transient exchange of the photosystem II reaction center protein D1 : 1 with D1 : 2 during low temperature stress of Synechococcus sp PCC 7942 in the light lowers the redox potential of Q(B)
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 277:36, s. 32739-32745
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Upon exposure to low temperature under constant light conditions, the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942 exchanges the photosystem II reaction center D1 protein form I (D1:1) with D1 protein form 2 (D1:2). This exchange is only transient, and after acclimation to low temperature the cells revert back to D1:1, which is the preferred form in acclimated cells (Campbell, D., Zhou, G., Gustafsson, P., Oquist, G., and Clarke, A. K. (1995) EMBO J. 14, 5457-5466). In the present work we use thermoluminescence to study charge recombination events between the acceptor and donor sides of photosystem II in relation to D1 replacement. The data indicate that in cold-stressed cells exhibiting D1:2, the redox potential of Q(B) becomes lower approaching that of Q(A). This was confirmed by examining the Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942 inactivation mutants R2S2C3 and R2K1, which possess only D1:1 or D1:2, respectively. In contrast, the recombination of Q(A)(-) with the S-2 and S-3 states did not show any change in their redox characteristics upon the shift from D1:1 to D1:2. We suggest that the change in redox properties of Q(B) results in altered charge equilibrium in favor of Q(A). This would significantly increase the probability of Q(A)(-) and P680(+) recombination. The resulting non-radiative energy dissipation within the reaction center of PSII may serve as a highly effective protective mechanism against photodamage upon excessive excitation. The proposed reaction center quenching is an important protective mechanism because antenna and zeaxanthin cycle-dependent quenching are not present in cyanobacteria. We suggest that lowering the redox potential of Q(B) by exchanging D1:1 for D1:2 imparts the increased resistance to high excitation pressure induced by exposure to either low temperature or high light.
|
|
| 5. |
- Savitch, L V, et al.
(författare)
-
Two different strategies for light utilization in photosynthesis in relation to growth and cold acclimation
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Plant, Cell and Environment. - 0140-7791 .- 1365-3040. ; 25:6, s. 761-771
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seedlings of Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Monopol) were cold acclimated under controlled conditions to induce frost hardiness. Lodgepole pine responded to cold acclimation by partial inhibition of photosynthesis with an associated partial loss of photosystem II reaction centres, and a reduction in needle chlorophyll content. This was accompanied by a low daily carbon gain, and the development of a high and sustained capacity for non-photochemical quenching of absorbed light. This sustained dissipation of absorbed light as heat correlated with an increased de-epoxidation of the xanthophyll cycle pigments forming the quenching forms antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin. In addition, the PsbS protein known to bind chlorophyll and the xanthophyll cycle pigments increased strongly during cold acclimation of pine. In contrast, winter wheat maintained high photosynthetic rates, showed no loss of chlorophyll content per leaf area, and exhibited a high daily carbon gain and a minimal non-photochemical quenching after cold acclimation. In accordance, cold acclimation of wheat neither increased the de-epoxidation of the xanthophylls nor the content of the PsbS protein. These different responses of photosynthesis to cold acclimation are correlated with pine, reducing its need for assimilates when entering dormancy associated with termination of primary growth, whereas winter wheat maintains a high need for assimilates as it continues to grow and develop throughout the cold-acclimation period. It appears that without evolving a sustained ability for controlled dissipation of absorbed light as heat throughout the winter, winter green conifers would not have managed to adapt and establish themselves so successfully in the cold climatic zones of the northern hemisphere.
|
|
