| 1. |
- Claeson, Anna-Sara, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Volatile metabolites from microorganisms grown on humid building materials and synthetic media
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Monitoring. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1464-0325 .- 1464-0333. ; 4:5, s. 667-672
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Growth of different microorganisms is often related to dampness in buildings. Both fungi and bacteria produce complicated mixtures of volatile organic compounds that include hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds etc. Microbially produced substances are one possible explanation of odour problems and negative health effects in buildings affected by microbial growth. A mixture of five fungi, Aspergillus versicolor, Fusarium culmorum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Ulocladium botrytis and Wallemia sebi were grown on three different humid building materials (pinewood, particle board and gypsum board) and on one synthetic medium. Six different sampling methods were used, to be able to collect both non-reactive volatile organic compounds and reactive compounds such as volatile amines, aldehydes and carboxylic acids. Analysis was performed using gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and ion chromatography, mass spectrometry was used for identification of compounds. The main microbially produced metabolites found on pinewood were ketones (e.g. 2-heptanone) and alcohols (e.g. 2-methyl-1-propanol). Some of these compounds were also found on particle board, gypsum board and the synthetic medium, but there were more differences than similarities between the materials. For example, dimethoxymethane and 1,3,5-trioxepane and some nitrogen containing compounds were found only on particle board. The metabolite production on gypsum board was very low, although some terpenes (e.g. 3-carene) could be identified as fungal metabolites. On all materials, except gypsum board, the emission of aldehydes decreased during microbial growth. No low molecular weight carboxylic acids were identified.
|
|
| 2. |
- Ekman, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparison of sampling methods for 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, (HDI) in a commercial spray box
- 2002
-
Ingår i: The Analyst. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 0003-2654 .- 1364-5528. ; 127:1, s. 169-173
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study three different types of samplers for the determination of 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate in air were compared. The experimental set up was a simulation of real life conditions with spray painting operations performed inside a commercial, full sized, spray box. The sampling methods were 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-piperazine impregnated on glass fibre filter, and the same reagent in impinger, and also dibutylamine in impinger. All analyses were performed by LC-MS-MS. The determined concentrations varied between 20 and 90 microg m(-3) with relative standard deviations from 7 to 17% for each method. No significant difference was found between the three methods using ANOVA with a significance level of alpha = 0.05.
|
|
| 3. |
- Hagenbjörk-Gustafsson, Annika, et al.
(författare)
-
Validation of the Willems badge diffusive sampler for nitrogen dioxide determinations in occupational environments
- 2002
-
Ingår i: The Analyst. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 0003-2654 .- 1364-5528. ; 127:1, s. 163-168
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Willems badge, a diffusive sampler for nitrogen dioxide, has previously been validated for ambient air measurements. This paper describes the laboratory and field validation of the Willems badge for personal sampling under working environment conditions. The mean sampling rate in the laboratory tests was 46 ml min(-1), with an RSD of 12%. No statistically significant effects on sampling rate of the sampling time, concentration of NO2 or relative humidity were found. A slightly decreased sampling rate was observed at low wind velocity. This was also confirmed during static sampling, which makes the sampler less appropriate for static sampling indoors. No back diffusion was observed. Storage of the samplers for two weeks before or after exposure did not affect the sampling rate. Our analysis is based on a modified colorimetric method, performed by FIA (flow injection analysis). This technique was compared to ion chromatography analysis. The use of ion chromatography lowered the detection limit from 11 to 2 microg m(-3) for an 8 h sample, and furthermore enabled the detection of other anions. In conclusion, the diffusive sampler was found to perform well for personal measurements in industrial environments.
|
|
| 4. |
- Paal, D Molander, et al.
(författare)
-
Harmonized Nordic strategies for isocyanate monitoring in workroom atmospheres
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Monitoring. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1464-0325 .- 1464-0333. ; 4:5, s. 685-687
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Nordic Network on Isocyanates (NORDNI) is financed by the Nordic Council of Ministers and is under the administration of Prof. Yngvar Thomassen and co-workers. National Institute of Occupational Health, Norway. The aim of NORDNI is to establish a broad network between the Nordic National Institutes of Occupational Health working within the field of isocyanate exposure and strategies for sampling and determination of isocyanates in workroom atmospheres. This viewpoint article summarizes the resolutions that were established at the 1st NORDNI consensus meeting arranged in Frøya, Norway, 31st August-2nd September, 2001. The consensus platform from the 1st NORDNI meeting was presented at the 4th International Symposium on Modern Principles of Air Monitoring, Lillehammer, Norway, 3-7 February, 2002.
|
|
| 5. |
- Sunesson, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
-
Passive sampling in combination with thermal desorption and gas chromatography as a tool for self-assessment of chemical exposure
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Monitoring. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1464-0325 .- 1464-0333. ; 4:5, s. 706-710
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diffusive samplers for monitoring of air quality are user-friendly devices that can normally be operated by the user himself. Hence these samplers are suitable for self-assessment. Practical and work organisational aspects of self-assessment of chemical exposure were studied in different occupational settings. It was found that the diffusive sampler used in these studies, the Perkin-Elmer tube in combination with thermal desorption, worked well for the purpose and could be correctly handled by the individuals using it. The results from self-assessments agreed well with expert measurements carried out by an occupational hygienist. However, in order to obtain a sustainable system of self-assessment strong organizational support is needed.
|
|
| 6. |
- von Zweigbergk, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Development of a diffusive sampling method for determination of methyl isocyanate in air
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Monitoring. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1464-0325 .- 1464-0333. ; 4:5, s. 663-666
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A diffusive sampling method for determination of methyl isocyanate in air has been developed. A glass fibre filter impregnated with 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine in a commercially available diffusive sampling device was used to collect methyl isocyanate and the derivative formed was analysed with LC-MS/MS. The sampling rate was determined to be 15.6 ml min(-1), with a relative standard deviation of 7.3%. The sampler was validated for sampling periods from 15 min to 8 h, for relative humidities from 20% to 80% and for concentrations from I to 46 microg m(-3). A field validation was also made and the diffusive sampling results showed no difference compared to a pumped reference method. The impregnated filters have to be stored apart from the diffusive sampler housing and loaded into the sampler prior to each sampling.
|
|
