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Sökning: swepub > Umeå universitet > Rapport > Westin Lars

  • Resultat 1-10 av 78
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1.
  • Johansson, Börje, et al. (författare)
  • Technical Change, Location and Trade
  • 1987
  • Ingår i: Papers in regional science (Print). - Umeå : Umeå universitet. - 1056-8190 .- 1435-5957. ; 62:1, s. 13-35
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The difference between the slow adjustment of localized resources and the faster processes of technical change and product renewal cause a relocation pressure on existing production. Introduction of new products, techniques and establishments is stimulated by opportunities to attain temporary monopoly profits and is restrained by sunk costs in older vintages and competition for local resources. Introduction is more frequent in nodes with a rich and varied importstructure. The process can be modelledas a chain of import, production and export cycles with relocation. Conditions for introduction and change of location are analysed by means of a spatial vintage model.
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9.
  • Batten, David, et al. (författare)
  • Modelling Commodity Flows on Trade Networks : Retrospect and Prospect
  • 1989
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Various approaches to the estimation of commodity flow or trade share matrices across world trade networks are examined. Some serious drawbacks associated with the use of spatial price equilibrium models are identified, and a case is made for combining two or more individual approaches, such as may be found in "dispersed" spatial price equilibrium models or in computable general equilibrium models which cater for spatial heterogeneity. It is found that some variant of the gravity model may be a reliable guide to trade share patterns in the long run, particularly in a world of differentiated products and increasing returns to scale. A conclusive finding is that quite different models ought to be adopted for different commodities (i.e. markets) in the short and medium term perspective.
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10.
  • Bergkvist, Erik, et al. (författare)
  • Estimation of gravity models by OLS estimation, NLS estimation, Poisson, and Neural Network specifications
  • 1997
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Four specifications of gravity models for freight flow prediction are compared. The traditional specification with OLS estimation is compared with non-linear least squares (NLS) estimation as well as with a model where data are assumed to be Poisson distributed. These are compared with a semi-parametric neural network model. Data consists of freight flows between Norwegian counties. The attribute describing a node is population while distance gives the friction on links of transportation. Results show that estimation with OLS and NLS is inferior to Poisson and Neural Network specifications. However, the Poisson model, although advantageous compared to OLS, may still be improved upon. The semiparametric Neural Network does require less of these restrictions to hold and also outperforms the others as a tool for forecast in terms of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The NLS model although showed the best performance when estimated on known data.
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  • Resultat 1-10 av 78
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