| 1. |
- Fridriksson, Jon, et al.
(författare)
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Information on pros and cons of prostate-specific antigen testing to men prior to blood draw
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. - 0036-5599. ; 46:5, s. 326-331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Recent guidelines on serum testing of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in asymptomatic men emphasize the importance of an informed decision. This study assessed the proportion of men who had received written or oral information on the possible consequences of testing of serum levels of PSA before blood draw. Material and methods. From the National Prostate Cancer Register (NPCR) in Sweden, 600 men per year were randomly selected out of all men with T1c prostate cancer who were diagnosed in the work-up of a PSA test as a part of health examination in 2006-2008. In a mailed questionnaire these men were asked whether and how they had been informed about the pros and cons of a PSA test prior to blood draw. Results. In total, 1621 out of 1800 men (90.1%) responded to the questionnaire; 39/1563 (2.5%) reported that they had received only written information before testing, 179/1563 (11.5%) had received both oral and written information, 763/1563 (48.8%) had received oral information only, 423/1563 (27.1%) had not received any information and 159/1563 (10.2%) were not aware of that a PSA test had been performed. Conclusions. The proportion of men who had received written information on the pros and cons of a PSA test before blood draw in the setting of a health examination was low. Improved routines for giving information to the patient before a PSA test are warranted.
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| 2. |
- Häggström, Christel, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic factors associated with risk of renal cell carcinoma
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - 1932-6203. ; 8:2, s. e57475
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have shown that obesity and hypertension are associated with increased risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but less is known about the association to other metabolic factors. In the Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer project (Me-Can) data on body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), blood pressure, and circulating levels of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides were collected from 560,388 men and women in cohorts from Norway, Austria, and Sweden. By use of Cox proportional hazard models, hazard ratios (HR) were calculated for separate and composite metabolic exposures. During a median follow-up of 10 years, 592 men and 263 women were diagnosed with RCC. Among men, we found an increased risk of RCC for BMI, highest vs. lowest quintile, (HR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.13-2.03), systolic blood pressure, (HR = 3.40, 95% CI 1.91-6.06), diastolic blood pressure, (HR = 3.33, 95% CI 1.85-5.99), glucose, (HR = 3.75, 95% CI 1.46-9.68), triglycerides, (HR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.00-3.21) and a composite score of these metabolic factors, (HR = 2.68, 95% CI 1.75-4.11). Among women we found an increased risk of RCC for BMI, highest vs. lowest quintile, (HR = 2.21, 95% CI 1.32-3.70) and the composite score, (HR = 2.29, 95% CI 1.12-4.68). High levels of the composite score were also associated with risk of death from RCC among both men and women. No multiplicative statistical or biological interactions between metabolic factors on risk of RCC were found. High levels of BMI, blood pressure, glucose and triglycerides among men and high BMI among women were associated with increased risk of RCC.
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| 3. |
- Stocks, Tanja, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Cohort profile
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - Oxford University Press. - 0300-5771. ; 39:3, s. 660-667
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Strohmaier, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Total Serum Cholesterol and Cancer Incidence in the Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer Project (Me-Can)
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - 1932-6203. ; 8:1, s. e54242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the association between total serum cholesterol (TSC) and cancer incidence in the Metabolic syndrome and Cancer project (Me-Can). Methods: Me-Can consists of seven cohorts from Norway, Austria, and Sweden including 289,273 male and 288,057 female participants prospectively followed up for cancer incidence (n = 38,978) with a mean follow-up of 11.7 years. Cox regression models with age as the underlying time metric were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) for quintiles of cholesterol levels and per 1 mmol/l, adjusting for age at first measurement, body mass index (BMI), and smoking status. Estimates were corrected for regression dilution bias. Furthermore, we performed lag time analyses, excluding different times of follow-up, in order to check for reverse causation. Results: In men, compared with the 1st quintile, TSC concentrations in the 5th quintile were borderline significantly associated with decreasing risk of total cancer (HR = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.00). Significant inverse associations were observed for cancers of the liver/intrahepatic bile duct (HR = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.29), pancreas cancer (HR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.81), non-melanoma of skin (HR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.95), and cancers of the lymph-/hematopoietic tissue (HR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.54, 0.87). In women, hazard ratios for the 5th quintile were associated with decreasing risk of total cancer (HR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.79, 0.93) and for cancers of the gallbladder (HR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.62), breast (HR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.81), melanoma of skin (HR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.42, 0.88), and cancers of the lymph-/hematopoietic tissue (HR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.83). Conclusion: TSC was negatively associated with risk of cancer overall in females and risk of cancer at several sites in both males and females. In lag time analyses some associations persisted, suggesting that for these cancer sites reverse causation did not apply.
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| 5. |
- Ulmer, Hanno, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic risk factors and cervical cancer in the metabolic syndrome and cancer project (Me-Can)
- 2012
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Ingår i: Gynecologic Oncology. - Elsevier. - 0090-8258. ; 125:2, s. 330-335
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Little is known about the association between metabolic risk factors and cervical cancer carcinogenesis.MATERIAL AND METHODS: During mean follow-up of 11years of the Me-Can cohort (N=288,834) 425 invasive cervical cancer cases were diagnosed. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated by the use of Cox proportional hazards regression models for quintiles and standardized z-scores (with a mean of 0 and a SD of 1) of BMI, blood pressure, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and MetS score. Risk estimates were corrected for random error in the measurements.RESULTS: BMI (per 1SD increment) was associated with 12%, increase of cervical cancer risk, blood pressure with 25% and triglycerides with 39%, respectively. In models including all metabolic factors, the associations for blood pressure and triglycerides persisted. The metabolic syndrome (MetS) score was associated with 26% increased corrected risk of cervical cancer. Triglycerides were stronger associated with squamous cell carcinoma (HR 1.48; 95% CI, 1.20-1.83) than with adenocarcinoma (0.92, 0.54-1.56). Among older women cholesterol (50-70years 1.34; 1.00-1.81), triglycerides (50-70years 1.49, 1.03-2.16 and ≥70years 1.54, 1.09-2.19) and glucose (≥70years 1.87, 1.13-3.11) were associated with increased cervical cancer risk.CONCLUSION: The presence of obesity, elevated blood pressure and triglycerides were associated with increased risk of cervical cancer.
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| 6. |
- Johansen, Dorthe, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic factors and the risk of pancreatic cancer:
- 2010
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Ingår i: Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology. - 1538-7755. ; 19:9, s. 2307-2317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between factors in metabolic syndrome (MetS; single and combined) and the risk of pancreatic cancer. METHODS: The Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer Project is a pooled cohort containing data on body mass index, blood pressure, and blood levels of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides. During follow-up, 862 individuals were diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to calculate relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals using the above-mentioned factors categorized into quintiles and transformed into z-scores. All z-scores were summarized and a second z-transformation creating a composite z-score for MetS was done. All risk estimates were calibrated to correct for a regression dilution bias. RESULTS: The trend over quintiles was positively associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer for mid-blood pressure (mid-BP) and glucose in men and for body mass index, mid-BP, and glucose in women. The z-score for the adjusted mid-BP (RR, 1.10; 1.01-1.20) and the calibrated z-score for glucose (RR, 1.37; 1.14-1.34) were positively associated with pancreatic cancer in men. In women, a positive association was found for calibrated z-scores for mid-BP (RR, 1.34; 1.08-1.66), for the calibrated z-score for glucose (RR, 1.98; 1.41-2.76), and for the composite z-score for MetS (RR, 1.58; 1.34-1.87). CONCLUSION: Our study adds further evidence to a possible link between abnormal glucose metabolism and risk of pancreatic cancer. IMPACT: To our knowledge, this is the first study on MetS and pancreatic cancer using prediagnostic measurements of the examined factors.
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| 7. |
- Lundstig, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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No excess risk for colorectal cancer among subjects seropositive for the JC polyomavirus.
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - Wiley. - 0020-7136. ; 121:5, s. 1098-1102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The human polymnaviruses JC virus (JCV) and BK virus (BKV) are oncogenic in experimental systems and commonly infect humans. JCV DNA has been reported to be present in human colon mucosa and in colorectal cancers. To investigate whether the risk for colorectal cancer is associated with JCV or BKV infection, we performed a case-control study nested in the Janus biobank, a cohort of 330,000 healthy Norwegian subjects. A 30-year prospective follow-up using registry linkages identified 386 men with colorectal cancer who had baseline serum samples taken >3 months before diagnosis. Control subjects were matched for sex, age and date of blood sampling and county of residence. Seropositivity for JCV or BKV had high (97-100%) sensitivity for detection of viral DNA-positive subjects and discriminated the different polyomaviruses. Seropositivity was mostly stable over time in serial samples. The relative risk for colorectal cancer among JCV seropositive subjects was 0.9 (95% CI: 0.7-1.3) and the BKV-associated relative risk was 1.1 (95% CI: 0.8-1.5). Determining seropositivity using alternative cutoffs also found no evidence of excess risk. In summary, this prospective study found no association between JCV or BKV infections and excess risk for colorectal cancer.
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| 8. |
- Pischon, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Body Size and Risk of Prostate Cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
- 2008
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Ingår i: CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION. - AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH. - 1055-9965. ; 17:11, s. 3252-3261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Body size has been hypothesized to influence the risk of prostate cancer; however, most epidemiologic studies have relied on body mass index (BMI) to assess adiposity, whereas only a few studies have examined whether body fat distribution predicts prostate cancer. Methods: We examined the association of height, BMI, waist and hip circumference, and waist-hip ratio with prostate cancer risk among 129,502 men without cancer at baseline from 8 countries of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), using Cox regression, with age as time metric, stratifying by study center and age at recruitment, and adjusting for education, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and physical activity. Results: During a mean follow-up of 8.5 years, 2,446 men developed prostate cancer. Waist circumference and waist-hip ratio were positively associated with risk of advanced disease. The relative risk of advanced prostate cancer was 1.06 (95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.1) per 5-cm-higher waist circumference and 1.21 (95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.39) per 0.1-unit-higher waist-hip ratio. When stratified by BMI, waist circumference and waist-hip ratio were positively related to risk of total, advanced, and high-grade prostate cancer among men with lower but not among those with higher BMI (P-interaction for waist with BMI, 0.25, 0.02, and 0.05, respectively; P-interaction for waist-hip ratio with BMI, 0.27, 0.22, and 0.14; respectively). Conclusions: These data suggest that abdominal adiposity may be associated with an increased risk of advanced prostate cancer. This association may be stronger among individuals with lower BMI; however, this finding needs confirmation in future studies. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(11):3252-61)
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| 9. |
- Pukkala, Eero, et al.
(författare)
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Nordic biological specimen banks as basis for studies of cancer causes and control - more than 2 million sample donors, 25 million person years and 100 000 prospective cancers
- 2007
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - Taylor and Francis Ltd. - 0284-186X. ; 46:3, s. 286-307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Nordic countries have a long tradition of large-scale biobanking and comprehensive, population-based health data registries linkable on unique personal identifiers, enabling follow-up studies spanning many decades. Joint Nordic biobank-based studies provide unique opportunities for longitudinal molecular epidemiological research. The purpose of the present paper is to describe the possibilities for such joint studies, by describing some of the major Nordic biobank cohorts with a standardised calculation of the cancer incidence in these cohorts. Altogether two million donors have since 1966 donated more than four million biological samples, stored at -20 degrees C to -135 degrees C, to 17 biobank cohorts in Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. As a result of joint database handling principles, the accuracy of personal identifiers and completeness of follow-up for vital status in all participating biobanks was improved. Thereafter, the cancer incidence was determined using follow-up through the national cancer registries. Biobanks based on random samples of population typically showed slightly lower cancer incidence rates than the general population, presumably due to better participation rates among health-conscious subjects. On the other hand, biobanks including samples for viral screening or clinical testing showed 1.5 to 2.1 fold increased incidence of cancer. This excess was very high immediately after sampling, but for some cancer sites remained elevated for years after clinical sampling. So far, more than 100 000 malignant neoplasms have occurred after sample donation, and the annual increase of the cancer cases in these cohorts is about 10 000. The estimates on the population-representativity of the biobanks will assist in interpretation of generalizability of results of future studies based on these samples, and the systematic tabulations of numbers of cancer cases will serve in study power estimations. The present paper summarizes optimal study designs of biobank-based studies of cancer.
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| 10. |
- Rohrmann, Sabine, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol consumption and the risk for prostate cancer in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition
- 2008
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention. - American Association for Cancer Research. - 1055-9965. ; 17:5, s. 1282-1287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alcohol is a risk factor for several types of cancer. However, the results for prostate cancer have been inconsistent, with most studies showing no association. Within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, detailed information were collected from 142,607 male participants on the intake of alcoholic beverages at recruitment (for 100% of the cohort) and over lifetime (for 76% of the cohort) between 1992 and 2000. During a median follow-up of 8.7 years, 2,655 prostate cancer cases were observed. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association of alcohol consumption at recruitment and average lifetime alcohol consumption with prostate cancer adjusted for age, center, smoking, height, weight, physical activity, and nonalcohol energy intake. Overall, neither alcohol consumption at baseline nor average lifetime alcohol consumption was associated with the risk for prostate cancer in this cohort of men. Men who consumed >= 60 g alcohol per day had a relative risk of 0.88 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.72-1.081 compared with men with an intake of 0.1-4.9 g/d; the respective relative risk for average lifetime intake was 1.09 (95% CI, 0.86-1.39). For advanced prostate cancer (n=537), the relative risks for >= 60 and 0.1-4.9 g alcohol per day at baseline were 0.98 (95% CI, 0.66-1.44) and 1.28 (95% CI, 0.79-2-07), respectively, for average lifetime intake. No statistically significant association was observed for alcohol intake from specific alcoholic beverages. Our results indicate no association between the consumption of alcohol and prostate cancer in this cohort of European men.
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