| 1. |
- Forsblad, Mattias, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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How Children with Mild Intellectual Disability Experience Self-driving Buses : In Support of Agency
- 2023
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Ingår i: Transaction on Transport Sciences. - : Palacky University Olomouc. - 1802-971X .- 1802-9876. ; 14:2, s. 21-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many people with intellectual disability experience their needs and desires not being fully considered. Responding to this problem, the purpose of this study is to investigate how children with mild intellectual disability experience self-driving buses. On each bus, a person called "safety driver" monitors the ride and takes control if a problematic situation arises. The purpose is also to investigate what roles support persons and safety drivers play. In addition, the research aims to propose improvements in how the design of these self-driving buses can better motivate children with intellectual disability to use them in support of their agency. To address this, we arranged and studied seven rides on self-driving buses, for 16 children diagnosed to have mild intellectual disability, and their support persons. Interviews with the children were held after the rides, and both the rides and interviews were video recorded.The analysis was in part inductive but also employed a theory based on motivation: self-determination theory. For several children, the bus worked as a vehicle for a social sightseeing tour of the local environment, and the current design did not hinder such an experience. Overall, many of the children had a positive experience, but there is room for improvement regarding the design of the buses. Some children expressed curiosity and a few frustrations with how the bus behaved in traffic. For instance, it was difficult for the children to understand why the bus braked for things that were hard for them to perceive. From observation, it appears that the accompanying support person and safety driver played an important role in making children safe and shaping the social environment on the bus. The support persons were also essential for some children to ride the bus at all. The safety driver provided the children with information about how the bus worked. Both the safety driver and the support person had a positive impact on the children's experience.
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| 2. |
- Ghajargar, Maliheh, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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From "Explainable AI" to "Graspable AI"
- 2021
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Ingår i: TEI 2021 - Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450382137
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML), researchers have asked how intelligent computing systems could interact with and relate to their users and their surroundings, leading to debates around issues of biased AI systems, ML black-box, user trust, user’s perception of control over the system, and system’s transparency, to name a few. All of these issues are related to how humans interact with AI or ML systems, through an interface which uses different interaction modalities. Prior studies address these issues from a variety of perspectives, spanning from understanding and framing the problems through ethics and Science and Technology Studies (STS) perspectives to finding effective technical solutions to the problems. But what is shared among almost all those efforts is an assumption that if systems can explain the how and why of their predictions, people will have a better perception of control and therefore will trust such systems more, and even can correct their shortcomings. This research field has been called Explainable AI (XAI). In this studio, we take stock on prior efforts in this area; however, we focus on using Tangible and Embodied Interaction (TEI) as an interaction modality for understanding ML. We note that the affordances of physical forms and their behaviors potentially can not only contribute to the explainability of ML systems, but also can contribute to an open environment for criticism. This studio seeks to both critique explainable ML terminology and to map the opportunities that TEI can offer to the HCI for designing more sustainable, graspable and just intelligent systems.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Yoo, Daisy, et al.
(författare)
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More-Than-Human Perspectives and Values in Human-Computer Interaction
- 2023
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Ingår i: CHI EA '23. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450394222 ; , s. 1-3
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this special interest group (SIG) we invite researchers, practitioners, and educators to share their perspectives and experiences on the expansion of human-centred perspective to more-than-human design orientation in human-computer interaction (HCI). This design for and with more-than-human perspectives and values cover a range of fields and topics, and comes with unique design opportunities and challenges. In this SIG, we propose a forum for exchange of concrete experiences and a range of perspectives, and to facilitate reflective discussions and the identification of possible future paths.
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| 5. |
- Faraon, Montathar, et al.
(författare)
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Learning by coding : A sociocultural approach to teaching web development in higher education
- 2020
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Ingår i: Education and Information Technologies. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1360-2357 .- 1573-7608. ; 25:3, s. 1759-1783
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As information technology continues to evolve rapidly in society, coding skills become increasingly essential to develop. The purpose of this article is to examine differences between the learner-centered and sociocultural approaches when teaching and learning coding in higher education. A quasi-experiment was applied over six academic semesters evaluating the mentioned approaches in terms of students' explicit attitudes, grades, and course evaluations. The findings indicated that the sociocultural approach may be a viable alternative to the learner-centered approach. More specifically, students indicated a preference for the sociocultural approach over the learner-centered approach, a greater number of students who passed the courses were educated via the sociocultural approach, and overall satisfaction was significantly higher for this approach as well. While the sociocultural approach has demonstrated to be advantageous, its integration in courses must concurrently be carefully balanced against constraints that teachers continuously experience in higher education, such as time and resources, which presents a challenge to the design of courses and to academia at large.
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| 6. |
- Arvola, Mattias, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Autonomous Vehicles for Children with Mild Intellectual Disability : Perplexity, Curiosity, Surprise, and Confusion
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics 2023. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9798400708756 ; , s. 1-8
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Self-driving buses will be part of the public transportation system of the future, and they must therefore be accessible to all. The study reported in this paper examines the user experiences of 16 children with mild intellectual disability riding a self-driving bus. The qualitative analysis, performed by iterative affinity diagramming, of interviews, observations, and a co-design session with five of the children, suggests that familiar situations were characterized by contemplation and curiosity, while unfamiliar ones were characterized by surprise or confusion. The temporal structure of past, present, and future situations in the field of attention played a significant role in the children’s experiences. This leads to design considerations for an explainable interior of self-driving buses.
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| 7. |
- Johansson, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Application Mobility : Concept and Design
- 2014
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Ingår i: Recent Advances in Ambient Intelligence and Context-Aware Computing. - Hershey, PA : Information Science Reference. - 9781466672840 ; , s. 169-186
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mobility has become an omnipresent part of our modern IT society. Alongside the general taxonomy of mobile users, terminals, sessions, and services, there are also more specialized forms of mobility. Context-Awareness Supported Application Mobility (CASAM) or “Application Mobility” is one such form that is explored in this chapter. CASAM builds on the idea of using context to move an application between different devices during its execution in order to provide relevant information and/or services. The authors use a concept-driven approach to advance mobile systems research, integrating it with a more traditional user-centric method and a case study, further exploring the concept of CASAM. To empirically situate our design work they conducted an empirical study of a home care service group serving the Swedish municipality of Skellefteå, followed by an exercise in matching the properties of theCASAM concept in relation to problems within current workflow.
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| 8. |
- Johansson, Dan, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Mobile e-services and open data in e-government processes : transforming citizen involvement
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services (iiWAS2015). - New York : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450334914
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mobile computing is one of the most important paradigms to influence and enhance modern e-services, mainly due to its anytime and anywhere availability adding value to the delivered service. In a traditional e-government context, the service life cycle takes the form of citizens consuming services provided by public sector bodies. In this paper, we use a novel concept combining mobile e-services and open data to extend and allow possible citizen-driven continuation of the service life cycle. The concept is evaluated throughout the design process, and also becomes the subject of a focus group. Our most important conclusions are that the concept design extends the service life cycle within the public sector context, and also creates new entrances for citizens to participate in generating and acquiring open data, thus transforming citizens' involvement. The result is increased co-operation, as well as increased adoption and availability of data and e-services, enhancing citizen participation
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| 9. |
- Johansson, Dan, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Mobile e-services and open data in e-government processes : concept and design
- 2015
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Ingår i: Mobile web and intelligent information systems. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319231433 - 9783319231440 ; , s. 149-160
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The traditional service life cycle starts with the formulation of required needs and ends with the adoption and ownership of the service. In an e-government context, this takes the form of citizens consuming services provided by the public sector bodies. We examine how a combination of mobile e-services and open data can extend and allow possible citizen-driven continuation of the service life cycle. The chosen method is a concept-driven approach, manifesting our concept in a digital prototype, which allows citizens to generate and acquire open data, as well as develop and publish their own e-services.
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| 10. |
- Lauvrud, Anne Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Water jet-assisted lipoaspiration and Sepax cell separation system for the isolation of adipose stem cells with high adipogenic potential
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery. - : Elsevier. - 1748-6815 .- 1878-0539. ; 74:10, s. 2759-2767
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Water jet-assisted liposuction has gained popularity due to favourable fat grafting outcomes. In this study, we compared stem cells obtained from fat isolated with manual or the water jet-assisted procedure.Methods: Liposuction of abdominal fat was performed using the two methods on each donor (n = 10). Aspirate samples were collagenase digested and the isolated cells seeded in vitro prior to proliferation, adipogenic differentiation and angiogenic activity analyses.Results: Cells from either procedure proliferated at similar rates and exhibited a similar colony-forming ability. The cells expressed stem cell markers CD73, CD90 and CD105. In the water jet cell preparations, there were higher numbers of cells expressing CD146. Robust adipogenic differentiation was observed in cultures expanded from both manual and water jet lipoaspirates. Gene analysis showed higher expression of the adipocyte markers aP2 and GLUT4 in the adipocyte-differentiated water jet cell preparations, and ELISA indicated increased secretion of adiponectin from these cells. Both cell groups expressed vasculogenic factors and the water jet cells promoted the highest levels of in vitro angiogenesis. Given these positive results, we further characterised the water jet cells when prepared using an automated closed cell processing unit, the Sepax-2 system (Cytiva). The growth and stem cell properties of the Sepax-processed cells were similar to the standard centrifugation protocol, but there was evidence for greater adipogenic differentiation in the Sepax-processed cells.Conclusions: Water jet lipoaspirates yield cells with high adipogenic potential and angiogenic activity, which may be beneficial for use in cell-assisted lipotransfers.
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