| 1. |
- Parsberg, Cecilia, 1963-
(författare)
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Hur blir du en framgångsrik tiggare i Sverige? : en undersökning av tiggandets och givandets bilder 2011 till 2016
- 2016
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Konstnärligt arbete (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mitt första möte med en tiggande föranledde mig att under fem år undersöka den nya situationen för tiggeriet och giveriet i Sverige. Förutsättningen är att vardagliga handlingar och reaktioner gentemot en annan människa kan synliggöras estetiskt med en etisk klangbotten. Min undersökning utspelar sig i första hand i gaturummet och i medierna. Det är hela tiden bilderna som är utgångspunkten för resonemangen och de gestaltande verken. Bilder som både separerar och länkar samman kroppar. Vilka bilder är i spel i tiggeriets och giveriets sociala koreografi? Hur kan bilder i detta sammanhang aktiveras på nya sätt? Hur kan nya genereras? Tiggandet är en uppmaning till social interaktion, och vare sig givaren socialt interagerar eller inte med den tiggande människan på gatan så involveras givaren i det europeiska samfundets asymmetriska värdesystem. I min första gestaltning anlitas en professionell marknadsundersökare för att ta reda på hur en tiggare i Sverige skulle kunna göra för att bli framgångsrik. Det blir en film som jag sedan visar mittemot en film där tiggande pratar om hur givare ger. Ur detta verk följer så en rad gestaltningar och en interdisciplinär teoretisk diskussion med bland andra Judith Butler, Sara Ahmed och Hannah Arendt, samt med en rad konstnärers arbeten, kring hur bilder – och kroppsliga handlingar – är kopplade till samhällsbilden och samhällskroppen? Körernas uppställning i gestaltningen Tiggandets kör och Givandets kör anger ett utrymme för social interaktion och demonstrerar därmed en annan ordning som kräver andra insatser, i språk, rörelse och attityd gentemot varandra. Det är en social koreografi: när körerna tränade och sjöng tillsammans uppstod en politisk form. Min förhoppning är att estetiskt synliggöra ett politiskt handlingsutrymme mellan tiggandet och givandet som kan utnyttjas för fortsatta etiska förhandlingar, och nya gestaltningar.
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| 2. |
- Westum, Asbjörg, 1960-
(författare)
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Ris, skäver och skärva : Folklig kategorisering av några barnsjukdomar ur ett kognitivt semantiskt perspektiv
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In Swedish dialects we find the terms ris,skäver and skärva referring to illnesses in children. The words are also parts of various compounds which refer to variants of the illnesses. The terms are linguistic expressions denoting two folk categories of illnesses, RIS and SKÄVER/SKÄRVA. These categories are investigated from a cognitive semantic perspective. The cognitive perspective argues that we organize our understanding of reality by using Idealized Cognitive Models (ICM) based on our physical, mental and emotional experiences of the world. The aim is twofold: to demonstrate the bases on which an experienced illness is placed in a certain category, and to show how a folk conception of illness is reflected in the word formation strategies. The word formation strategies emanate from notions of characteristic symptoms, and from notions of causes of illnesses. Both categories, RIS and SKÄVER/SKÄRVA, are based on a number of ICM's. The category RIS is a radial structure, which means that the category is held together although its members have no structural criteria in common. The category SKÄVER/SKÄRVA is a concentrating structure, meaning that all members share all structural criteria. There is a strong connection between word formation strategies and the structures of the categories. Terms related to symptoms refer to members of a category which are part of a radial structure, while terms related to causes refer to members of a category which are part of a concentrating structure. This can be explained by two of the basic assumptions of cognitive semantics: semantic content is structred and symbolized overtly on the surface form of a language and categories are conventional, based on cultural assumptions about the world.
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| 3. |
- Bagger, Anette, 1974-
(författare)
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Prövningen av en skola för alla : nationella provet i matematik i det tredje skolåret
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis presents the contribution to research that my doctoral education led to. My starting point was a large scale qualitative research project (here after called the VR-project) which reviewed the implementation of national tests in the third grade on the subject of mathematics. The VR-project investigated how the test affected the pupils with a special focus on pupils in need of special support. An urge to look further into issues concerning the support, the pupil in need and the test was revealed in he initial VR-project. These issues therefore constitutes the problem area of this thesis. The VR-project studied a total of 22 classrooms in two different municipalities' during 2010- 2012. The methodology used for this project was inspired by ethnography and discourse analysis. The raw data consisted of test instructions, video observations of the actual test subjects, interviews from teachers and pupils about the test, the support that was given throughout the testing as well as the observations and interviews of the pupils requiring special assistance. Activated discourses and positions of the participants were demarcated. The results revealed that a traditional testing discourse, a caring discourse and a competitive discourse are activated during the tests. The testing discourse is stable and traditional. Much of what was shown and said in classrooms, routines and rules regarding the test were repeated in all the schools and in all the classrooms. The discourse on support is affected by ambiguity, which is revealed especially when issues of pupils’ equity is put against the tests equality. This is connected to the teachers restricted agency to give support due to the teacher position as a test taker. The positions in need that are available to students are not the same in pupils, teachers and steering documents. The situation is especially troublesome for pupils that do not manage Swedish good enough to take the test and for pupils in need of special support. Some of the conclusions from this thesis is that the national test format: Disciplines not only the pupil, but also the teacher, the classroom and the school at large. Results indicate that the test:Activates a focus on achievementLeads attention away from learning Activates issues of accountability Influences pupils and teachers with stakes involvedBesides evaluating knowledge, the test disciplines not only the pupil, but also the teacher, the classroom and the school at large. Discussing the national test as an arena for equity might be a way towards attaining equality in education for all pupils.
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| 4. |
- Blomquist, Tomas, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Ekonomisk styrning för förändring : en studie av ekonomiska styrinitiativ i hälso- och sjukvården
- 1998
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Since the end of the 1980’s Swedish county council managers has been preoccupied with planning and implementing organisational change in order to alleviate the financial problems and to create more efficient production systems. Many of these efforts to change have implied changing the systems for management accounting and control, changes that have been inspired both by market-oriented ideologies and by the governance principles of large corporations in the private sector. Literature on management accounting and control indicates however, that management is unintentionally contributing to the creation of organisational inertia and conservatism. This contradiction is formulated as a change dilemma; ”How can managerial principles that make organizations subject to bureaucratization and inertia be used as important strategies for organizational change?” The purpose of the study is thus to analyze the use of management control systems as organizational change strategies in health care, employing a change perspective on management control.When used as a change strategy, management accounting and control becomes manifest as management control initiatives. Actors handle these control inititatives by organising themselves around the issue at hand. This organising process ends or fades away when there are no need for further attention to the control initiative.Empirical studies were made in the councils of Västerbotten, Sörmland and Uppsala counties. Management control initiatives investigated were performance-related pay, quality improvement work, systematic planning procedures, provider/purchaser-models, downsizing projects and profit center systems.The systems for management accounting and control appeared to structure health care organisations in terms of spatial structuring temporal structuring and actor categorization. The management control initiatives introduced were structured as extraordinary organising processes delimited in terms of space, time and involved actors. Actors in the administrative norm system participated with the intention to change the organisation, while those in the medical norm system aimed at just handling the initiative.Management control initiatives can therefore be seen as passing opportunities to change, passing in the sense that the organising processes are temporary by nature, opportunities in the sense that temporary re-coupling can be used to achieve long-term change. One such opportunity is the formulation of control initiatives; the possibility of using simple and standardized change strategies can be useful, but only if they are also linked to the medical norm system. A second opportunity is the temporary organising processes; if the project form of organising change can also be conveyed to the medical norm system, management control initiatives could result in short, intense courses of events that actually change things. The third opportunity s the recurrent cyc ica pro perties of management accounting and control systems, enabling recurrent activities around the same themes, thereby keeping them alive.
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| 5. |
- Ellefson, Merja, 1963-
(författare)
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Staten är vår herde god : Representationer av annorlundahet och ordning i fyra svenska trettiotalstidningar
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim is to study representation of order and otherness in the late 1930’s Swedish press. That is, who are envisioned as "us" and who are the "Others"? The theoretical frame is based on Foucault’s concepts of pastoral power, the reason of state and biopolitics. The Good Shepherd is an excellent metaphor for the Nordic-style welfare state and the Foucauldian approach fits well with the social Darwinist and race biological metaphors of the time. Furthermore, news, myths and law articulate public morality and belong to disciplining, naturalizing and normalizing discourses. The symbolic boundaries between “We” and “Them” are outlined and modes of thinking, acceptable ways of behavior, and possible solutions for existing problems are provided. The material examined consists of four Stockholm-based newspapers Dagens Nyheter, Stockholms-Tidningen, Svenska Dagbladet and Social-Demokraten. The years studied are 1935 and 1938. The quantitative content analysis is based on a selection of four months from each year. The articles are coded according to a theme and the characteristics of the actors. Gripsrud’s version of Propp’s actant model is used to examine the narrative structure of the stories. Linguistic tools, such as ideational and interpersonal functions, are used to analyze the individual texts. The groups depicted as deviant include religious sects, ethnic minorities, foreigners, criminals and political activists on the extreme right and extreme left. A number of articles discuss various social problems in more general terms. Quantitatively more than eighty percent of the material consists of crime news. Approximately five percent of the articles are about ethnic minorities and foreigners. Religious sects and political extremists constitute about one percent each and roughly ten percent of the material is about social problems.
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| 6. |
- Farstad, Britt Johanne, 1961-
(författare)
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Glaspärlespelaren : Nya världar, etik och androcentrism i Peter Nilsons science fiction-romaner
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis focuses on Peter Nilson’s (1937-1998) science fiction texts, and particularly on how narrative themes and structures in these texts are related to science as well as to the literary tradition of science fiction (SF). The primary texts are the novels Arken (The Ark, 1982), Äventyret (The Adventure, 1989), Rymdväktaren (The Space Guard, 1995), Nyaga (1996) as well as the short story “Kvinnan som ville ha barn med döden” (The Woman Who Wanted a Child With Death, 1987). Nilson was an established astronomer before publishing fiction, and in both novels and essays he joins “the two worlds” of the natural sciences and the humanities. My study of the reception of his work shows that his symbolic capital, his authority as a scientist, was transferred from one field of knowledge to another, thus increasing the value of his SF texts in critics’ eyes. Central to my analyses are the authorial strategies Nilson used when building bridges between natural science and the humanities, in a move evoking the Glass Bead Players in Herman Hesse’s novel The Glass Bead Game. My study shows that, unlike Hesse’s protagonists, the Glass Bead Players in Nilson’s texts accept, or even welcome, extreme consequences of scientific developments, such as the extinction of life as we know it.SF texts are traditionally categorized as either dystopic or utopic depending on the level of pessimism or optimism in their depictions of technology. I suggest instead that dystopic or utopic outcomes in modern SF novels depend on whether the texts build on an aleatoric or a teleological worldview. In aleatoric narratives, humankind is depicted as alone in the universe and thereby responsible for its own destiny. Teleological narratives feature superior, god-like forces from other worlds, which interfere with life on Earth and may elevate humans to higher levels of consciousness. The latter perspective, which is favoured in Nilson’s SF texts, entails that responsibility is removed from humankind since what happens is presented as meant to be. The tropes of the void and of creatio ex nihilo are recurrent in the examined texts, for instance through the use of myths and archetypes containing images of emptiness such as the “creation out of nothing”. Further, Nilson’s characters are often situated in a mental or physical “void” where their knowledge is of no use to them. My readings show that these voids are not empty but contain mythical and archetypal elements which activate obsolete religious ideas and gender models, such as the Logos vision: the creative power of words. This conservative tendency seems all the more surprising and problematic considering that the SF-genre is based on explorations of possible new worlds and beings.
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| 7. |
- Högström, Per, 1972-
(författare)
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Laborativt arbete i grundskolans senare år : lärares mål och hur de implementeras
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Laboratory work is considered important for student achievements in science education. This thesis will contribute with increased knowledge about lab work in science education in Swedish secondary school. The main purposes are to describe secondary school science teachers’ objectives for lab work and to describe how these objectives are implemented during laboratory exercises. The thesis shows and discusses, from a teacher perspective, the complexity involved in lab work.The thesis is comprised of four papers based on empirical analysis of teacher interviews, laboratory manuals and laboratory exercises. Two interview studies identified which objectives the teachers consider important and compared these to international studies. Two case studies identified how the teachers’ objectives are put forward during lab work and what factors are important for the implementation of objectives.The results from the interview studies show that Swedish secondary school science teachers express general objectives including the development of students’ understanding of concepts and phenomena, of their interest in science and ability to think and reflect upon labwork. This is to a large extent in accordance with objectives identified in international studies. However, when the teachers describe specific laboratory exercises they emphasize the activity and the laboratory skills. Some of the teachers describe lab work that includes scientific inquiry but not specifically, knowledge about the nature of science. Scientific inquiry was mostly used to develop interest in science and not to develop knowledge about how to systematically investigate phenomena in nature. The teachers express their objectives differently in different contexts. The laboratory manuals mostly put forward objectives to help students identify objects and phenomena and to learn facts, which is not always in accordance with the teachers objectives. Results from the case studies show that the teachers’ objectives do not always correspond to the students’ views of important things to learn. It is not obvious that lab work in itself make students understand a certain scientific content, they need help to "see what is intended to be seen". Interactions between the teacher and the students are important to help students perceive the teacher’s objectives. Many interactions have a starting point in the laboratory manuals, and if the objectives in the manual correspond to the teacher’s objectives it makes it easier for both the students and the teacher to reach the intentions for the laboratory exercise. Implications for science teaching are discussed.
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| 8. |
- Jakobsson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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'Att blifva sin egen' : ungdomars väg in i vuxenlivet i 1700- och 1800-talens övre Norrland
- 2000
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Ingår i: Sociologisk forskning. - Umeå : Umeå universitet. ; 37:3-4, s. 134-141
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The background to this study is that there is no studies on youth and their transition to adulthood in preindustrial Sweden. The main objective of this thesis has therefore been to analyze young peoples transition to adulthood during the late 18th and 19th centuries in a region of the northern part of Sweden. The social context of the region was mainly agrarian during the investigated period despite the fact that in the later part of the 19th and beginning of 20th century, a development of a growing forest industry had started. The main questions is: How and when in life did different social categories of young people establish an independent and adult life? Where there any changes in transitional patterns and was the establishment smoother or more troublesome at different times during the investigated period ? Where there any changes regarding social norms related to the establishment of adult life?The transition to adult life is studied from a life-course approach and four key-transitions; The First Holy communion, leaving home, marriage and parenthood are regarded as significant steps within the process to a independent social position. Individual data related to keytransitions is mainly collected from cathectical examination records and comprised 2206 individuals born in six different cohorts between 1770 and 1900. The selected cohorts represents individuals that had to deal with different social conditions during their youth and transition to adult life.The main results regarding the transition to adult life can be summarized in two words, complexity and variance. Usually it was a "long" transition but the number of accomplished keytransitions and the order between them varied, as well as ages when taking the first Holy Communion, leaving home, marriage and entering parenthood varied. Transitional patterns varied between different categories of youth. A dividing line existed between the sexes, those from households strongly rooted in the agricultural structure and those with background in social categories that didn't own or was in possession of land. Social norms related to keytransitons changed along this dividing line during the investigated period of time, and became less permissive within landowning or land-possessing categories and less prescriptive in other categories.Transitional patterns were also influenced by the social situation at different historical times. The need for labor, war and years of famine directly intervened in timing and sequencing of keytransitions. A long term development was that the transition to adult life became more problematic in the later part of the 19th century, especially among young people who were less integrated in the social context and among socially stigmatized youth. Finally, young people were active and reflexive in seeking social space to make the transition to adult life, actions that sometimes caused tensions and conflicts between generations.
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| 9. |
- Johansson, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Samarbete mellan hem och skola : Erfarenheter av elevers, föräldrars och lärares arbete
- 1993
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main purpose of this study was to shed light upon several questions regarding co -operation between the home and school, based upon earlier research and empirical studies. The study focused on the opportunities and drawbacks as well as on the motives for home and school cooperation. The first section deals with the questions at issues, and the bases the dissertation was dealt with. The second part covers the empirical studies which were carried out within the first three years of the primary school, and in the third part the limitations, most important results, and future research were discussed. The aim of the first section was to identify the starting points for the study, based on earlier research, and to review, via the main body of the study, how co-operation between the home and the school developed. An analysis of the review suggested that the goal formulations of the main body of the paper allowed for opportunities for home and school collaboration. Not only had interesting possibilities come to light, throughout the earlier research, but so too, a number of problems concerning the concrete collaboration between home and school. An very important conclusion, as a result of this review focused on the importance of proceeding from the unit that a class of pupils, parents and teachers represents. The purpose of the empirical studies was to describe and to try to understand why co-operation between home and school developed as it did. A longitudinal study was carried out by means of on-site research in the primary school itself, among pupils in years 1-3. This was proceeded by questionnaires and prestudies of selected classes. The data was collected mainly by means of questionnaires, interviews and written documents. The results showed that parents could function as a valuable resource within the work of the school and that it was relatively easy to take advantage of them, as such. It became clear that pupils, parents and teachers were extremely inventive and resourceful with regard to ideas on cooperation, and indeed on carrying through those ideas. Parents saw themselves and other parents as an important resource for the work of the school. The teacher emerged as a key figure for intensified collaboration. In the concluding discussion the results from the microlevel formed the starting point for the discussion concerning the context of cooperation between home and school at the macrolevel. As a conclusion, the discussion was about collaboration between home and school in terms of some of the effects of cooperation opportunities and obstacles, the interest shown by parents together with the content and forms of collaboration. Here it was pointed out that an important condition for achieving society's objectives was that pupils, parents and teachers together should interpret this in order to connect them to the cultural economic and social reality that was relevant to that particular class.
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| 10. |
- Jäder, Jonas, 1971-
(författare)
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Med uppgift att lära : om matematikuppgifter som en resurs för lärande
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Elevers möjligheter att utveckla sin kunskap i matematik påverkas av de uppgifter de arbetar med. Det är möjligt att göra en distinktion mellan rutinuppgifter och matematiska problem. En rutinuppgift är en uppgift som en elev kan lösa genom att använda en välbekant metod, eller genom att imitera en förlaga. För att lösa ett matematiskt problem behöver däremot eleven konstruera en för henne ny lösningsmetod. För att utveckla sin matematiska kunskap behöver elever möta såväl rutinuppgifter som matematiska problem. Problemlösning kan skapa förutsättningar för en elev att utveckla såväl en kreativ problemlösningsförmåga, som en konceptuell, matematisk förståelse.Avhandlingen består av fem studier med ett fokus på matematikuppgifter, där studie 1-3 syftade till att undersöka vilka möjligheter att arbeta med matematisk problemlösning som elever i gymnasieskolan erbjuds. Detta undersöktes genom läroboksanalyser, studier av elevers arbete med uppgifter och av elevers uppfattningar om matematik. Uppgifter i läroböcker från 12 länder analyserades (studie 1) och ungefär 10 procent av dessa var matematiska problem. Eleverna arbetade (studie 2) nästan uteslutande med de uppgifter som av läroboksförfattarna kategoriserats som enkla och utan att arbeta problemlösande. Bland dessa uppgifter var andelen matematiska problem 4 procent. Inte heller bland uppgifter som kategoriserats som till exempel ’problemlösning’ eller ’utforska’ var matematiska problem i övervikt. Resultaten var relativt lika för de tolv ländernas läroböcker. Elevers uppfattningar om att rutinarbete är säkrare och något som är rimligt att förvänta sig i matematik (studie 3) kan ha en ytterligare påverkan på deras möjligheter att arbeta problemlösande. Med tanke på de positiva effekter som påvisats för elever som arbetar med problemlösning verkar elevers möjligheter att arbeta med problemlösning begränsade. Det finns potential i att såväl utveckla innehållet i läroböckerna för att öka andelen matematiska problem, som i ett medvetet uppgiftsurval från dessa läroböcker.Syftet med studie 4 och 5 var att fördjupa förståelsen för problemlösning. Ett analytiskt ramverk har utvecklats för att identifiera kreativa, konceptuella och andra utmaningar i elevers problemlösning. Respektive utmaning karaktäriserades för att ytterligare fördjupa förståelsen för dessa och för problemlösning. Elevers arbete med matematiska problem (studie 4) och lärares förväntningar på de utmaningar elever möter vid problemlösning (studie 5) studerades. Konceptuella och kreativa utmaningar visade sig vara de mest centrala vid elevers problemlösning. Genom den karaktäristik som knöts till respektive utmaning kan svårigheter med att identifiera, framför allt kreativa utmaningar, och relationen mellan uppgift och utmaning diskuteras.
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