| 1. |
- Aspholm-Hurtig, Marina, et al.
(författare)
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Functional adaptation of BabA, the H. pylori ABO blood group antigen binding adhesin.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Science (New York, N.Y.). - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 305:5683, s. 519-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adherence by Helicobacter pylori increases the risk of gastric disease. Here, we report that more than 95% of strains that bind fucosylated blood group antigen bind A, B, and O antigens (generalists), whereas 60% of adherent South American Amerindian strains bind blood group O antigens best (specialists). This specialization coincides with the unique predominance of blood group O in these Amerindians. Strains differed about 1500-fold in binding affinities, and diversifying selection was evident in babA sequences. We propose that cycles of selection for increased and decreased bacterial adherence contribute to babA diversity and that these cycles have led to gradual replacement of generalist binding by specialist binding in blood group O-dominant human populations.
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| 2. |
- Nordström, Anna, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Interleukin-6 promoter polymorphism is associated with bone quality assessed by calcaneus ultrasound and previous fractures in a cohort of 75-year-old women.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Osteoporosis international. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-941X .- 1433-2965. ; 15:10, s. 820-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine and a potent stimulator of bone resorption and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. The aim of this study was to investigate if a functional IL-6 promoter polymorphism (-174) was related to bone mass and fractures in a cohort consisting of 964 postmenopausal Caucasian women aged 75 years. Bone mineral density (BMD; g/cm2) of the femoral neck, lumbar spine and total body was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) was also measured in the calcaneus and quantified as speed of sound (SOS; m/s), broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA; dB/MHz), and stiffness index (SI). IL-6 genotypes was determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using the restriction enzyme NlaIII. The frequencies of the different IL-6 genotypes were 27.5% (GG), 47.9% (GC), 24.6% (CC). The IL-6 polymorphism (presence of G) was independently related to a lower stiffness (beta=-0.07; P=0.03) and BUA (beta=-0.08; P=0.02), but not to BMD at any site measured by DXA. In the cohort, 420 subjects (44%) reported at least one fracture during their lifetime, and 349 (36%) reported at least one fracture after the age of 50. Using binary logistic regression, the IL-6 polymorphism (presence of G) was significantly related to an increased risk of a previous fracture during life (odds ratio 1.46, 95% CI 1.08-1.97) and to an increased risk of a fracture occurring after 50 years of age (odds ratio 1.37, 95% CI 1.004-1.88). The risk was further increased for fractures grouped as osteoporotic fractures (odds ratio 1.67, 95% CI 1.14-2.45), including forearm fractures (odds ratio 1.59, 95% CI 1.05-2.40). In conclusion, presence of G allele in the IL-6 promoter polymorphism at position -174 is independently related to previous fractures in postmenopausal women. This association may be related primarily to an altered bone quality identified by QUS and not a lower bone mass. This is also the first demonstration of association of IL-6 gene polymorphism to calcaneal QUS.
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| 3. |
- Bauer, H C, et al.
(författare)
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The Scandinavian Sarcoma Group Register 1986-2001.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica. Supplementum. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 0300-8827 .- 0001-6470. ; 75:Supplement 311, s. 8-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Schölin, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Islet antibodies and remaining beta-cell function 8 years after diagnosis of diabetes in young adults : a prospective follow-up of the nationwide Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 255:3, s. 384-391
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ObjectivesTo establish the prevalence of remaining β-cell function 8 years after diagnosis of diabetes in young adults and relate the findings to islet antibodies at diagnosis and 8 years later.DesignPopulation-based cohort study.SettingNationwide from all Departments of Medicine and Endocrinology in Sweden.SubjectsA total of 312 young (15–34 years old) adults diagnosed with diabetes during 1987–88.Main outcome measurePlasma connecting peptide (C-peptide) 8 years after diagnosis. Preserved β-cell function was defined as measurable C-peptide levels. Three islet antibodies – cytoplasmic islet cell antibodies (ICA), glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies and tyrosine phosphatase antibodies – were measured.ResultsAmongst 269 islet antibody positives (ab+) at diagnosis, preserved β-cell function was found in 16% (42/269) 8 years later and these patients had a higher body mass index (median 22.7 and 20.5 kg m−2, respectively; P = 0.0003), an increased frequency of one islet antibody (50 and 24%, respectively; P = 0.001), and a lower prevalence of ICA (55 and 6%, respectively; P = 0.007) at diagnosis compared with ab+ without remaining β-cell function. Amongst the 241 patients without detectable β-cell function at follow-up, 14 lacked islet antibodies, both at diagnosis and at follow-up.ConclusionsSixteen per cent of patients with autoimmune type 1 diabetes had remaining β-cell function 8 years after diagnosis whereas 5.8% with β-cell failure lacked islet autoimmunity, both at diagnosis and at follow-up.
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| 5. |
- Schölin, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Normal weight promotes remission and low number of islet antibodies prolong the duration of remission in Type 1 diabetes
- 2004
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Ingår i: Diabetic Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0742-3071 .- 1464-5491. ; 21:5, s. 447-455
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aim To identify clinical, immunological and biochemical factors that predict remission, and its duration in a large cohort of young adults with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM).Methods In Sweden, 362 patients (15–34 years), classified as Type 1 DM were included in a prospective, nation-wide population-based study. All patients were followed at local hospitals for examination of HbA1c and insulin dosage over a median period after diagnosis of 5 years. Duration of remission, defined as an insulin maintenance dose ≤ 0.3 U/kg/24 h and HbA1c within the normal range, was analysed in relation to characteristics at diagnosis.Results Remissions were seen in 43% of the patients with a median duration of 8 months (range 1–73). Sixteen per cent had a remission with a duration > 12 months. Among patients with antibodies (ab+), bivariate analysis suggested that adult age, absence of low BMI, high plasma C-peptide concentrations, lack of ketonuria or ketoacidosis at diagnosis and low insulin dose at discharge from hospital were associated with a high possibility of achieving remission. Multiple regression showed that normal weight (BMI of 20–24.9 kg/m2) was the only factor that remained significant for the possibility of entering remission. In survival analysis among ab+ remitters, a low number of islet antibodies, one or two instead of three or four, were associated with a long duration of remissions.Conclusion In islet antibody-positive Type 1 DM, normal body weight was the strongest factor for entering remission, whilst a low number of islet antibodies was of importance for the duration.
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| 6. |
- Jestin, P, et al.
(författare)
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Elective surgery for colorectal cancer in a defined Swedish population.
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Journal of Surgical Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0748-7983 .- 1532-2157. ; 30:1, s. 26-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: The aim of this study was to describe variability in compliance to clinical guidelines in colorectal cancer surgery related to hospital structure.METHODS: All patients registered in the databases of the Regional Oncologic Centre, operated upon electively for colon cancer between the start of the register in 1997 until 2000 (n=1771) and for rectal cancer between the start of the register in 1995 until 2000 (n=1841) were selected for analysis.RESULTS: There was no difference in 5-year survival rate between colon and rectal cancer (mean follow-up 2.6 and 3.0 years, respectively; p=0.22). There was a significant difference in frequency of preoperative liver scan depending on hospital category with an increase in colon cancer from 39 to 46% (p=0.02) and in rectal cancer from 42 to 64% (p<0.001). For colon cancer there was no difference, according to hospital category, in quotient sigmoid and high anterior resection to left-sided resection. Furthermore, high anterior resection was more common at university and general district hospitals (8%) compared with district hospitals (4%) (p=0.01). Sphincter-saving surgery was more common at university hospitals and district general hospitals than at district hospitals (low anterior/abdomino-perineal resection quotients 2.3, 2.4 and 1.6, respectively; p<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Population-based audit forms an appropriate and valuable basis for quality assurance projects. In addition to describing compliance to guidelines and pointing to process steps that can be improved, such investigations may also indicate changes due to scientific development. Linked to case-costing data, such results may form an important basis for decisions about modifications in health care.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Herlitz, Johan, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Decrease in the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation as the initially observed arrhythmia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during 11 years in Sweden
- 2004
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 60:3, s. 283-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To describe the change in the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation as initially observed arrhythmia among patients suffering from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Sweden. PATIENTS: All patients included in the Swedish cardiac arrest registry between 1991 until 2001. The registry covers 85% of the population in Sweden. METHODS: All patients with bystander witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest included in the Swedish Cardiac Arrest Registry between 1991 and 2001 from the same ambulance organisation each year were included in the survey. RESULTS: Over 11 years, among patients in Sweden with a bystander witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was attempted (n = 9666), the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation as the initially obseved arrhythmia decreased from 45% in 1991 to 28% in 2001 (P < 0.0001) if the arrest occurred at home, and from 57% to 41% if the arrest occurred outside home (P < 0.0001). This was found despite the fact that the proportion who received bystander CPR increased from 29% in 1991 to 39% in 2001 if the arrest occurred at home (P < 0.0001) and from 54% to 60% if the arrest occurred outside home (NS). There was a significant increase in age among patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest at home, no change in the estimated interval between collapse and call but an increase in the interval between call and arrival of the ambulance among patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outside home. CONCLUSION: During 11 years in Sweden, there was a marked decrease in the proportion of patients found in ventricular fibrillation among patients with a bystander witnessed cardiac arrest regardless whether the arrest occurred at home or outside home. A modest increase in age and interval between call for, and arrival of, the ambulance was associated with these findings.
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| 9. |
- Tuvemo, Torsten, et al.
(författare)
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Final height after combined growth hormone and GnRH analogue treatment in adopted girls with early puberty
- 2004
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 93:11, s. 1456-1462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Girls adopted from developing countries often have early or precocious puberty, requiring treatment with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues. During such treatment, decreased growth velocity is frequent. Aim: To study whether the addition of growth hormone (GH) to GnRH analogue treatment improves final height in girls with early or precocious puberty. Methods: Forty-six girls with early or precocious puberty (age ≤9.5 y) adopted from developing countries were randomized for treatment for 2-4 y with GnRH analogue, or with a combination of GH and GnRH analogue. Results: During treatment, the mean growth velocity in the GH/GnRH analogue group was significantly higher compared to the control group. Combined GH/GnRH analogue treatment resulted in a higher final height: 158.9 cm compared to 155.8 cm in the GnRH analogue-treated group. Three out of 24 girls (13%) in the combined group and nine of the 22 girls (41%) treated with GnRH analogue alone attained a final height below -2 standard deviation scores (SDS). Conclusion: The difference between the two groups is statistically significant, and possibly of clinical importance. A future challenge is to identify a subgroup with clinically significant advantage of GH addition to GnRH analogue treatment. Being very short on arrival in Sweden and being short and young at start of treatment are possible indicators.
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| 10. |
- Lampic, Claudia, et al.
(författare)
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Attainment and importance of life values among patients with primary breast cancer
- 2003
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Ingår i: Cancer Nursing. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0162-220X .- 1538-9804. ; 26, s. 295-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main aims of this study were to investigate the extent to which women with recently diagnosed primary breast cancer (N = 29) and matched control subjects without cancer (N = 29) differ in perceived attainment and importance of life values and to study prospectively life value ratings during 1 year in a large group of recent attendees at mammography screening (N = 706). Life values were assessed by a study-specific version of a life value questionnaire, including ratings of the perceived attainment and importance of seven life value dimensions. Women with a recent diagnosis of primary breast cancer were found to attribute significantly more importance to positive relations than healthy controls. No other differences between these groups were found regarding the attainment or importance of life values. Perceptions of life values were found to vary as a function of age, marital or cohabitation status, and parenthood, and to be stable over a 9-month period in screening attendees. The implications of the current findings for the understanding of women's psychological adaptation to breast cancer are discussed.
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