| 1. |
- Ask, Karl, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Hot cognition in investigative judgments: The differential influence of anger and sadness
- 2006
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Ingår i: 16th Conference of the European Association of Psychology & Law, Liverpool.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The authors predicted that the cognitive appraisal tendencies associated with sadness and anger would exert different influences on investigators crime-related judgments. Supporting evidence was found in an experiment with 61 experienced criminal investigators. First, when judging the reliability of a witness statement, sad participants relied on their perception of both witness and situational variables, whereas angry participants relied only on their perception of witness variables. This corresponds to the emphasis placed on situational and individual control in the appraisals associated with sadness and anger, respectively. Second, when making judgments of the case, sad participants were sensitive to the consistency of a witness statement with the central hypothesis of the investigation, indicating substantive processing, whereas angry participants were unaffected by statement-hypothesis consistency, indicating heuristic processing. The findings suggest that the process of reliability assessment can be better understood by consulting theories of attribution and information processing.
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| 2. |
- Clemens, Franziska, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Skulking around the dinosaur statue: Detecting children's deception via strategic disclosure of evidence
- 2008
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Ingår i: Paper presented at the 5th meeting of the Nordic Network for Research in Psychology and Law (NNPL), 10-11 October 2008 in Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since previous studies have shown the potential of late disclosure of evidence as a deception detection tool, this study examined whether or not these results can be replicated with children as liars and truth-tellers. It was hypothesized that the deception detection accuracy in the late disclosure condition would be significantly higher than in the early disclosure condition. In an experiment, 168 adult observers judged the veracity of 84 children (12–14 years), interviewed separately about a mock crime they had (liars) or had not (truth-tellers) committed. In half of the interviews the evidence was disclosed early, in the other half late. The accuracy rate was 56% for the early disclosure condition, and 63.1% for the late disclosure condition (a non-significant difference). Furthermore, the observers were better at detecting truthful statements (70.2%), than lies (48.8%). We will discuss the results in relation to past research and in terms of statement-evidence inconsistency.
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| 3. |
- Granhag, Pär-Anders, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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I saw the man who killed Anna Lindh: A case study of witnesses' offender descriptions
- 2005
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Ingår i: 15th European Conference on Psychology and Law, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present archival case study was conducted using 74 offender descriptions re-ported by 29 witnesses who saw the assassin of the Swedish foreign minister Anna Lindh. The description accuracy was gauged against authentic video docu-mentation of the perpetrator, captured by surveillance cameras a few minutes be-fore the attack. All offender descriptions were collected within a month from the attack, and the number of interviews per witness varied from one to seven. Due to the fact that pictures of the suspected perpetrator were published in the media three days after the attack, descriptions from a majority of the witnesses were obtained both before and after the publication. In general, witnesses descriptions of the offender were quite inaccurate for both basic features (e.g., height, age, build) and more detailed attributes (e.g. cap, shoes). Specifically, four out of ten described attributes were incorrect. In addition, superior accuracy was found for offender descriptions reported after the publication of the pictures of the sus-pected perpetrator, compared with descriptions reported prior to the publication. The findings will be paralleled with previous archival studies on eyewitnesses descriptions
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| 4. |
- Hagsand, Angelica, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of the degree of alcohol intoxication on eyewitness memory for a violent crime: Identification accuracy in lineup
- 2011
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Ingår i: Oral presentation at The Nordic Network for Psychology and Law (NNPL), September 16-17 2011, Oslo, Norway.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction and Aim. In Sweden, 50-70% of all violent crimes are alcohol related (BRÅ, 2007, 2009). Eyewitnesses are valuable to the Police since they have seen the event and many crimes lack technical evidence like DNA. Due to the limited studies in the area, this ongoing experimental study might give valuable knowledge to the legal system concerning the assessment of alcohol intoxicated eyewitnesses and the credibility of their testimonies. Methods. The participants (N = 120 when finished) consists of healthy adult students. The study uses a 3 x 2 between- participants design with random assignment to alcohol beverage (none vs. moderate vs. high dose,) and lineup presentation (target present vs. target absent). Consumption time is 15 minutes in a laboratory with living room design. A movie depicting a staged kidnapping is shown to the participants and after 30 minutes of distracting filler tasks the participants are interviewed. One week later, the participants are presented the simultaneous lineup in order to identify the culprit from the movie and are also interviewed in more detail about the crime scene. Results and Conclusions. The data collection is ongoing during the spring of 2011. To this date, data from half of the participants has been collected. Results concerning identification accuracy will be presented and discussed at the NNPL conference in Oslo in September 2011.
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| 5. |
- Knieps, Melanie, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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How to discriminate between true and false intent? Towards a new experimental paradigm
- 2009
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Ingår i: Program of the 6th meeting of the Nordic Network for research on Psychology and Law (NNPL), Tallinn, Estonia.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We argue that the emerging concept of episodic future thought (EFT) is a prime candidate for capturing the core mental processes at play when forming an intention. Furthermore, we argued that tapping the most essential EFT feature - to represent the future in the form of a mental image - will cast light on how statements on the formation of true and false intentions may differ. Specifically, we assumed that the processes relevant for constructing a convincing cover-story (which is needed in order to conceal a criminal intent) are very different from the processes at play when forming a true intention. To test our assumption we devised an experimental set-up accommodating the main characteristics of intent and allowing for EFT (the participants were encouraged to envisage themselves acting in the future). The combined empirical evidence supports our assumption that EFT illuminates the differences between forming true and false intentions.
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| 6. |
- Öhman, Lisa, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Earwitness identification accuracy in children vs. adults.
- 2008
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Ingår i: The 5th meeting of the NNPL, Copenhagen (Denmark) October 10-11, 2008.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Earwitness performance has been studied before but not nearly to the extent that eyewitness performance has. This is particularly true for child witnesses. To gain a better understanding of earwitness performance we have designed a study in which children aged 7-8 and 11-12 and adults will serve as informants. A total of 240 participants, will be equally distributed between the three age groups, and exposed to an unfamiliar voice (the planning of a crime). After two weeks, the witnesses will be asked to identify the target-voice in a line-up (7 voices). Half of the witnesses will be exposed to a target-present line-up (TP), and the other half to a target-absent line-up (TA). We expect the number of false identifications to be higher for children, especially in the TA-line up. We will also analyze the relation between accuracy and confidence, and to what extent memory for content can predict identification accuracy
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| 7. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Confidence judgements: Selective but possible to prime.
- 1999
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Ingår i: I proceedings från konferensen Metacognition Process, function and use. Clermont Ferrand, Frankrike, 6-8 september 1999.. ; , s. 46-52
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Eyewitnesses under influence: How feedback affects the realism in confidence judgements.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Oral paper presented at the 14th European Conference on Psychology and Law (Cracow, Poland).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Witnesses often discuss the witnessed event with other witnesses. Hence, it is important to increase our understanding of how co-witness feedback affects witnesses memory and meta-memory. This study investigated the effect of confirmatory and disconfirmatory feedback on the accuracy in witnesses confidence judgements. A general conclusion from the study is that the realism in the witnesses confidence judgements is indeed sensitive to co-witness feedback, and more so to confirming than disconfirming feedback.
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| 9. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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The cognitive interview: Effects on the realism in witnesses confidence in their free recall
- 2004
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Ingår i: Paper presented at the 1st meeting of the Nordic Network for research on Psychology and Law (NNPL), Oslo, Norway..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using calibration methodology, this study compared the realism of witnesses confidence judgments of their own recall elicited in either the Cognitive Interview (CI) or the Structured Interview (SI). Participants were interviewed about their observations of a staged crime and returned two weeks later to assess their confidence in the statements. The CI, as in previous research, rendered a significantly higher number of correct recalled units compared with the SI. In both interview conditions the witnesses displayed a high level of accuracy and confidence, very good calibration, and very low overconfidence. No difference was found between the CI and SI in terms of calibration, under/overconfidence, or with respect to the witnesses estimations of the total number of correctly recalled items. It is suggested that the high realism found in these measures is due to the witnesses assessing their confidence in items they themselves had chosen to report.
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| 10. |
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