| 1. |
- Clemens, Franziska, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Skulking around the dinosaur statue: Detecting children's deception via strategic disclosure of evidence
- 2008
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Ingår i: Paper presented at the 5th meeting of the Nordic Network for Research in Psychology and Law (NNPL), 10-11 October 2008 in Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since previous studies have shown the potential of late disclosure of evidence as a deception detection tool, this study examined whether or not these results can be replicated with children as liars and truth-tellers. It was hypothesized that the deception detection accuracy in the late disclosure condition would be significantly higher than in the early disclosure condition. In an experiment, 168 adult observers judged the veracity of 84 children (12–14 years), interviewed separately about a mock crime they had (liars) or had not (truth-tellers) committed. In half of the interviews the evidence was disclosed early, in the other half late. The accuracy rate was 56% for the early disclosure condition, and 63.1% for the late disclosure condition (a non-significant difference). Furthermore, the observers were better at detecting truthful statements (70.2%), than lies (48.8%). We will discuss the results in relation to past research and in terms of statement-evidence inconsistency.
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| 2. |
- Adolfsson, Kerstin, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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From party to nightmare: Roles of victim and participant age and victim behavior on blame attributions in rape scenarios
- 2014
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Ingår i: The 10th meeting of the Nordic Network for research on Psychology and Law (NNPL), Oslo, Norway, November 7-8.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Are there any differences between adults’ and adolescents’ levels of attributed victim blame? In two experiments, a total of 563 Swedish adolescents and adults read a scenario describing a rape at a house party and thereafter rated victim and perpetrator blame. The victim’s age (18 or 31 years), and behavior (voluntarily kissing the perpetrator or not before being raped), were manipulated. Across both experiments higher levels of perpetrator blame than victim blame was found and participants’ levels of belief in a just world correlated positively with levels of attributed victim blame. The first experiment showed higher levels of victim blame from adolescents, regardless of victim age. The second experiment did not replicate those findings. Instead, more blame was attributed to a young victim, regardless of participant age, and men attributed more victim blame than women. Accordingly, no clear cut results were obtained. Did the victim’s act of kissing the perpetrator change participants’ perception of the rape situation and consequently their attribution of blame? Forthcoming experiments will continue to investigate if, and in that case why, adults and adolescents perceive rape victims and perpetrators differently.
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| 3. |
- Adolfsson, Kerstin, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Hur ser yrkesverksamma på sitt arbete med våldtäktsutredningar och bemötande av utsatta?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Brottsoffermyndighetens viktimologiska forskarkonferens, Stockholm, 21 november, 2017.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tidigare psykologisk forskning har fokuserat på varför utsatta inte vill anmäla sexualbrott eller väljer att hoppa av under utredningen. I denna studie svarade 237 polisanställda, åklagare och sjukvårdspersonal på en webbenkät med syfte att fånga upp deras perspektiv på att arbeta med våldtäktsfall och bemöta personer som blivit utsatta för våldtäkt. Frågorna gällde hinder i deras yrkesutförande, om de kunde se rutiner i deras arbete som kan uppfattas som stötande ur de utsattas perspektiv, förtroende för rättsväsendet, falska anmälningar samt kunskap om reaktioner och beteenden hos våldtäktsutsatta. De fick även ta ställning till våldtäktsmyter. Resultatet visade att äldre respondenter hade högre förtroende för rättssystemet än yngre, och att åklagare kände högre förtroende än polisanställda. Polisanställda ansåg att falska anmälningar var vanligare, jämfört med åklagare och sjukvårdspersonal. Detsamma gällde yngre respondenter och respondenter med högre acceptans av våldtäktsmyter.
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| 4. |
- Adolfsson, Kerstin, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Not a night walk in the park: Victim blame in common rape situations and the effects of age
- 2015
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Ingår i: The 25th meeting of the European Association of psychology and Law (EAPL), Nuremberg, Germany, August 4-7.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Substantial research has been conducted in the field of victim blaming, but still we do not fully understand the complexity of how and why people tend to blame rape victims. Two aspects that have been neglected in previous research are age differences and acquaintance rape. Since the risk of victimization is higher among young adults, we conducted three experiments, using settings where rapes may occur but not typically included in previous research. In this multi-experiment study a total of 884 Swedish adolescents and adults from a community sample read a scenario describing a rape and thereafter provided ratings of victim blame. The victim’s age (18 or 31 years), was manipulated but the relation between victim and perpetrator (as acquaintances) was held constant. We used victim age, participant age and participant gender as independent variables and victim blame as the dependent variable. We analyzed all results through ANCOVAs using participants’ level of General Belief in a Just World (GBJW) as a covariate. Across all experiments, we found that levels of GBJW correlated positively with levels of victim blame and that age and gender are important factors to include in studies of attributed victim blame. Interestingly, the results varied markedly across type of rape situation. In experiment one (the rape took place at a house party setting) results showed that adolescent participants were more victim blaming overall, as we predicted, and in interaction with victim age, they blamed the adult victim more than did the adult participants. In experiment two (the rape took place at a house party setting and the victim voluntarily kissed the perpetrator prior to the rape) we found both age and gender differences. Female adults attributed more victim blame than did female adolescents and male adolescents attributed more victim blame than female adolescents did. In the last experiment (the rape took place in the victim’s apartment where she and the perpetrator did school work together) we found a significant main effect for gender, where male participants attributed more blame to the victim than female participants. This study gives valuable insights in the complexity of attitudes and attributions of blame in rape cases.
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| 5. |
- Adolfsson, Kerstin, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Professionals’ perception of meeting rape victims and handling cases of rape
- 2017
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Ingår i: 59th Research Seminar, Nordiska samrådet för kriminologi (NSfK). Örenäs: 9-11 maj.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As the final part of a three-year project regarding attitudes toward victims of rape, a survey study was conducted with the aim to gain knowledge concerning difficulties and possibilities in handlings of rape victims and rape cases. An online survey was sent out to professionals working within the police, the healthcare system and prosecutors across Sweden, who meet victims of rape through their daily work. We wanted to get the professionals’ perspective and wondered if they could contribute with knowledge concerning why rapes are not being reported and why so few of the reports proceed to court. Over 230 professionals took the survey. They answered questions concerning perceived obstacles for their work performance, their trust in the justice system, knowledge and further education in victim behaviour and reactions, suggestions for improved treatment of rape victims, how their work would be affected by a possibly broader legislation, and police officers’ view on giving information about counsel for an injured party at an early stage of the investigation. Participants also had to consider statements regarding myths about rape. Data was analysed both separate as well as across professions and the results from this study will be presented at the conference. The title of the full project is Victim blaming in rape cases: Empirical studies of understudied situations. It is partly financed by the Swedish Crime Victim Compensation and Support Authority and conducted by researchers at the psychology department at the University of Gothenburg. The aim of the project was to enhance knowledge about blame attributions in rape cases and to use variables, situations and group of participants not previously included in experimental studies.
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| 6. |
- Adolfsson, Kerstin, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Professionals’ perceptions of handling cases of rape
- 2017
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Ingår i: The 13th meeting of the Nordic Network for research on Psychology and Law (NNPL). Katowice, Poland: 22-23 September.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A survey study was conducted with the aim to gain knowledge concerning difficulties and possibilities in handlings of rape victims and rape cases among Swedish professionals. An online survey was taken by 237 police employees, prosecutors and healthcare personnel, who meet victims of rape in their daily work. The survey included questions concerning obstacles for the respondents work performance, trust in the justice system, false reports and further education in victim behaviour and reactions. The respondents were also asked to provide suggestions for improved treatment of rape victims and cases of rape, and police officers’ view on giving information about counsel for an injured party at an early stage of the investigation. Respondents also had to consider statements regarding rape myths. Data was analysed both separate as well as across professions. Trust in the justice system was affected by respondent age and profession. Older respondents had higher trust in the justice system and prosecutors had significantly higher levels of trust in the justice system compared to police employees. Police employees believed there were significantly more false reports of rape compared to both prosecutors and health care personnel. This was also true for younger respondents (compared to older) and respondents with higher levels of rape myth acceptance (compared with lower levels). More results and discussion about implications will be presented at the conference.
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| 7. |
- Adolfsson, Kerstin, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Victim blame in single versus multiple perpetrator rape cases
- 2016
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Ingår i: The 26th meeting of the European Association of psychology and Law (EAPL), Toulouse, France, July 5-8, 2016.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Substantial research has been conducted in the field of victim blaming, but still we do not fully understand the complexity of how and why people tend to blame rape victims. Two important aspects that have been more or less neglected in previous research within the field of victim blame are multiple perpetrator rape cases and the level of force used by the perpetrator(s). Since the prevalence of acquaintance rape is higher than of stranger rape, we conducted two experiments using a setting in which rapes may occur but not typically included in previous research. According to Swedish legislation, a rape situation with more than one perpetrator is considered an aggravated crime, irrespective of the level of force used. However, we wanted to examine if the level of force used and/or number of perpetrators had any impact on levels of blame attributed to the victim. To investigate this we conducted an online multi-experimental study with a Swedish community sample. Participants read a scenario describing a rape and thereafter provided ratings of victim blame, Belief in a Just World and Rape Myth Acceptance, as well as their trust in the Swedish justice system and self-experience of sexual victimization. All scenarios described the same four people and the relation between them, colleagues, was held constant. In the first experiment (N = 1704), number of perpetrators (one or three) was manipulated. We used number of perpetrators and participant gender as independent variables and victim blame as the dependent variable. In the second experiment we held number of perpetrators (three) constant but manipulated the level of force used. Level of force and participant gender were the independent variables and victim blame the dependent variable. At the conference in Toulouse we will present the results from our ongoing statistical analyses, in the hope of bringing new, important knowledge of victim blaming attitudes.
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| 8. |
- Alfredsson, Helen, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Blame attribution in a stranger rape case: Perpetrator characteristics and participant gender
- 2011
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Ingår i: Society of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, conference 27-29 June, 2011, NYC..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In rape blame research perpetrator characteristics is understudied. The relative independence of perpetrator blame and victim blame is also unclear. Using a community sample (N=161), we investigated participant gender, perpetrator age and previous conviction influencing blame attributions using a vignette methodology. Perpetrator age had no effect, but interactions were found between participant gender and perpetrator previous conviction: men attributed more victim blame and less perpetrator blame when the perpetrator had a previous conviction. For women the effect was reversed. Results indicate that increased perpetrator blame is associated to decreased victim blame. Moreover, perpetrator characteristics are relevant in blame attribution research.
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| 9. |
- Alfredsson, Helen, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of perpetrator characteristics and participants belief in a just world on blame attribution of rape victims
- 2011
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Ingår i: the 21th Conference of the European Association of Psychology and Law (EAPL), 2010, Miami..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rape victims are often the subject of secondary victimization when being blamed for their assaults. In an experiment using a community sample (N=161), we investigated the effect of perpetrator characteristics; age and previous conviction, participants gender and belief in a just world on blame attributions using a vignette methodology. Results show that female participants attributed most victim blame when the perpetrator had a previous conviction, although male participants attributed most victim blame when the perpetrator had no such history. It seems as features of the perpetrator can influence allocation of victim blame and that gender of the observer also matters.
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| 10. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Confidence judgements: Selective but possible to prime.
- 1999
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Ingår i: I proceedings från konferensen Metacognition Process, function and use. Clermont Ferrand, Frankrike, 6-8 september 1999.. ; , s. 46-52
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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