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- Lösler, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Bestimmung von Messunsicherheiten mittels Bootstrapping in der Formanalyse
- 2018
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Ingår i: ZFV - Zeitschrift für Geodasie, Geoinformation und Landmanagement. - 1618-8950. ; 143:4, s. 224-232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The methods of the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement, e.g. Law of propagation of uncertainty or Monte-Carlo simulations, are the most applied guidelines in the framework of measurement sciences. These methods require a-priori knowledge of the statistical distribution of the taken sample. However, in some practical cases, this condition cannot be fulfilled. In descriptive statistics, analysis methods are known that do not required knowledge of the underlying distribution of the data. One well-known algorithm is the bootstrapping. In this contribution, the bootstrap algorithm is applied to the surface analysis to derive confidence intervals of estimated parameters, exemplified by the adjustment of an elliptic ring-focus paraboloid. Introducing kernel density estimation, the unknown probability density functions of the estimates are approximated and transformed to the resulting focal area to derive the level of confidence of the intervals.
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- Hollert, Henner, et al.
(författare)
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Eine Weight-of-Evidence-Studie zur Bewertung der Sedimentbelastung und des Fischrückgangs in der Oberen Donau [Assessing sediments and fish health using a weight-of-evidence approach : in search for the causes of fish decline in the Danube river]
- 2009
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Ingår i: Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung. - Berlin : Springer. - 0934-3504 .- 1865-5084. ; 21:3, s. 260-263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aim Despite intensive and continuous stocking and improvement of water quality since the 1970s, fish populations, especially those of the grayling (Thymallus thymallus), have declined over the last two decades in the upper Danube River (Germany). In order to assess 1) possible links between molecular/biochemical responses and ecologically relevant effects, and 2) if ecotoxicological effects might be related to the decline in fish catches in the upper Danube river, sediment samples and fish were collected at different locations and analyzed using a weight-of-evidence (WOE) approach with several lines of evidence. The objective of the presentation is to introduce the conceptual framework and to review results of the ongoing study. As previously addressed by Chapman and Hollert (2006) a variety of lines of evidence can be used in WOE studies. Briefly, 1) a comprehensive battery of acute and mechanism-specific bioassays was used to characterize the ecotoxicological hazard potential. 2) Histopathological investigations and the micronucleus assay with erythrocytes were applied, analyzing in situ parameters. 3) Diversity and abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates and fish as well as 4) persistent organic pollutants, endocrine disrupting substances, limnochemical parameters and the concentration of heavy metals were recorded. To identify organic contaminants a spotential causes of sediment toxicity assays, 5) effect directed analysis was applied. © 2009 Springer-Verlag.
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- Aufschnaiter, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Fließbandfertigung von Atmungskettenkomplexen in Mitochondrien : Assembly line production of respiratory chain complexes in mitochondria
- 2022
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Ingår i: BioSpektrum. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0947-0867 .- 1868-6249. ; 28:4, s. 366-369
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- A key function of mitochondria consists of energy conversion, performed with the help of the respiratory chain and the ATP synthase. Biogenesis of these essential molecular machines requires expression of nuclear and mitochondrially encoded genes. We describe our current understanding how these processes are coordinated and how they are organized in specific areas of the inner membrane to facilitate the assembly of these sophisticated complexes.
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- Brundin, Lars
(författare)
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Chironomiden und andere bodentiere der südschwedischen urgebirgsseen : Ein beitrag zur kenntnis der bodenfaunistischen charakterzüge schwedischer oligotropher seen
- 1949
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Problems. Methods. Material.There are more than 85000 lakes in Sweden, the majority of which belong to the oligotrophic type sensu Naumann, and which present an inexhaustible field for investigation. In view of the varied and complicated nature of the problems and the young age of limnological science it is natural that the knowledge of these lakes in spite of the efforts of many investigators should still be fragmentary. This holds good also of the bottom fauna which in many respects is so important.When, in 1941—1942, I was working on a quantitative material of bottom animals from oligotrophic lakes in Jämtland, North Sweden, this lack of data was strongly felt. There was no solid holding-ground for a comparison with other lakes in Sweden, and many factors indicated that the production of the bottom animals in oligotrophic lakes in Sweden was considerably underestimated, probably because of the methods not being quite satisfactory. Particularly conflicting results had been reached by previous investigators as regards the influence of the humic standard on the bottom fauna, which is a vital problem concerning the Swedish lakes. As regards the chironomids constituting, as is well known, the most important group among the bottom animals in the Swedish lakes, our almost complete lack of knowledge was most deeply felt. It was clear that a real understanding of the relationship between the different laketypes and the profundal fauna could only be obtained by determining the species represented by the chironomid larvae. The very fact that certain lakes in Jämtland that Naumann would undoubtedly have characterized as oligotrophic had a chironomid fauna, which according to the valid typology of the lakes based on the bottom faunistical conditions must be regarded as belonging to the mesotrophic type, was in itself an inducement enough for a closer study of chironomids and their dependence on environmental factors.Thus important problems were waiting for a solution. To contribute to this I started studies of the bottom fauna in 1942 with a particular regard to the chironomids in the Aneboda-Växjö district in the central part of the South-Swedish highland. These studies were concluded in the autumn of 1948.
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- Fiedler, Heidelore, 1953-
(författare)
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Existierende dioxininventare weltweit und neue methodik zur erstellung von vergleichbaren und vollständigen emissionsinventaren [Existing dioxin inventories worldwide and a new methodology for establishing comparable and complete emissions inventories]
- 2001
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Ingår i: Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung. - : Springer. - 0934-3504 .- 1865-5084. ; 13:2, s. 88-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Presently, there are less than 20 inventories to estimate releases of dioxins and furans. According to a recent survey, 12,900 g TEQ of these unwanted byproducts are emitted into the atmosphere by 16 countries. Highest emissions are from the densely populated industrialized countries of the Northern hemisphere - Japan and the United States of America. Whereas the metal producing and recycling industry is the sector with the highest dioxin emissions in Europe, waste incineration is considered to be the major source in many other countries. Measures to reduce dioxin emissions have resulted in strong downward trends, as shown e.g. in Germany and Japan; however, potentials for further reduction have been identified.So far, countries have utilized own methods to calculate their dioxin emissions and the majority has addressed releases to air only. The future Stockholm Convention on POPs will require to continuously reduce dioxin emissions. In order to assist countries in inventory making, UNEP has produced the Toolkit, a methodology to establish comparable dioxin inventories that address releases to air, water and land, with products and in residues.
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