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- Janusz, Frey, 1975-
(författare)
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Liczba i rozmieszczenie komórek Cajala w ścianie esicy u chorych z uchyłkowatością jelita grubego
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Diverticulosis is one of the most common morphologic changes of the colon observed in citizens of highly-developed countries. So far, in spite of numerous observational and experimental trials, not all etiopathogenetic factors of diverticulosis have been defined. It is assumed that one of the most common reasons of colonic diverticulosis is the increase in intracolonic pressure, mainly in the sigmoid colon, resulting from disturbance of colonic motility. One of the important factors responsible for gastrointestinal tract motor function are interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs). It was confirmed, that in such gastrointestinal tract disorders as infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, slow transit constipation, megacolon, diabetic gastro- and gastroenteroparesis, internal anal sphincter achalasia and Hirschprung’s disease there is a marked decrease of the interstitial cells of Cajal number. On the basis of published observations, the following aims of the study were established:1. Assessment of the quantity and distribution of interstitial cells of Cajal in a transverse section of the sigmoid colon wall of patients with colonic diverticular disease, and in the control group (patients with non-obturative colon cancer).2. Determination of the relationship between the number and distribution of interstitial cells of Cajal in the sigmoid colon in patients with diverticulosis, and age, duration of disease, type of symptoms and concomitant diseases.3. Determination of the correlation between the number and distribution of the interstitial cells of Cajal in the sigmoid colon, and anorectal functions as recorded using anorectal manometry.A total of 101 patients, operated in IIIrd Department of the General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College between 2001 and 2006, were enrolled into the study. 34 patients operated for colonic diverticular disease were enrolled into the study group. The control group consisted of 67 patients operated electively for non-obturative colorectal cancer. The study has been conducted, with the Jagiellonian University Bioethical Committee’s consent, according to the Declaration of Helsinki guidelines.The primary goal of this study was to assess the quantity and determine the localization of the interstitial cells of Cajal in the transverse sections of the sigmoid colon wall in patients with diverticular disease, and in patients from the control group. The secondary goals were to determine the correlations between the number and distribution of the ICCs in the sigmoid colon of patients with diverticulosis, and age, duration of disease, diverticular disease symptoms, concomitant disorders and anorectal manometry results.The distribution and the quantity of the ICCs constituting particular subpopulations were assessed, after performing immunohistochemical assay using anti c-kit antibody (DAKO), using the light microscope conjoined with an image analysis system (Image Analysis System; ProGres C 12 Plus camera (Jenoptik)).The cells with positive reaction to anti c-kit antibody were identified using the method described above. Positive reaction revealed interstitial cells of Cajal as well as mast cells. Interstitial cells of Cajal had a characteristic fusiform shape, and in some preparations its branches were also visualized. Mast cells observed in the preparations had round and oval shape, and round, centrally located nucleus. Cajal cells, present in the circular and longitudinal muscle layer of sigmoid colon, were oriented parallel to the smooth muscle cells.The following subpopulations of interstitial cells of Cajal were identified and assessed: ICC-SM – interstitial cells of Cajal, localized on the submucosal and circular muscle border of the sigmoid colon and in the region of the submucosal plexus, ICC-CM – interstitial cells localized in the sigmoid colon circular muscle layer, ICC-MP – interstitial cells localized between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers of the sigmoid colon and in the neighbourhood of the Auerbach’s plexus and ICC-LM – interstitial cells localized in the longitudinal sigmoid colon muscle layer. The quantity and distribution of particular ICCs subpopulations were assessed.The number of interstitial cells was statistically significantly lower in patients with diverticulosis as compared to patients from the control group (15.53 vs 19.45 / breadth of 1 visual field respectively; p<0.001). The decrease of interstitial cells number was significantly higher in the neighbourhood of the Auerbach's plexus and in the area between the circular and longitudinal sigmoid colon wall muscle layers (ICC-MP). The mean number of interstitial cells observed in 1 visual field of 0,2756 mm2 in area in patients from the studied and control groups, divided into particular subpopulation, amounted respectively: ICC-SM 1.28 vs 1.67, ICC-CM 3.94 vs 4.69, ICC-MP 6.71 vs 10.08 and for ICC-LM subpopulation 2.85 vs 4.09.No differences in size, morphology and distribution of interstitial cells of Cajal in the previously described sigmoid colon wall layers were found between the control and study groups.Moreover a positive correlation between the number of ICC-MP interstitial cells of Cajal and the presence of flatulence as well as mucous in the stool was demonstrated. A negative correlation between the number of ICC-LM cells of Cajal and the presence of pain, as reported by patients prior to the surgery, was also determined. The analysis of correlation between the number of interstitial cells of Cajal in the sigmoid colon obtained from patients with diverticulosis, and the presence of selected concomitant diseases, revealed a relationship between the quantity of the ICC-SM cells and the presence of the neurologic and thyroid gland disorders.The analysis also revealed a correlation between interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC-CM subpopulation), and the presence of the thyroid gland diseases (nodular goiter, hyperthyreosis).A correlation was also found between the number of interstitial cells of Cajal localized in the sigmoid colon circular muscle layer (ICC-CM) and the presence of the normal anorectal reflexes, as well as between the quantity of ICC-MP cells and the anorectal manometry values (BAP and MVSP).Obtained results confirm the observations, published in other publications, concerning the decrease in number of interstitial cells of Cajal in patients with colonic diverticulosis.In summary, the number of the interstitial cells of Cajal is decreased in the sigmoid colon of patients with diverticulosis. It is particularly distinct in the ICC-MP, ICC-CM and ICC-LM groups. Taking into consideration the role of interstitial cells of Cajal in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility, it appears that a reduction of their number may be an important etiopathogenetic factor of colonic diverticulosis. These cells may also play a role in the pathophysiology of the symptoms of diverticular disease by modulating enteric nervous system (ENS) impulsation. The study revealed the negative correlation between the number of ICC-MP subpopulation cells and some subjective symptoms, as well as the relationship between abdominal pain and the decrease in the number of ICC-LM cells. Obtained results do not allow an unambiguous determination of the order and sequence of events leading to diverticula formation. There is no positive correlation between the duration of disease and its stage of advancement, and the number of the particular interstitial cell subpopulations. It seems that the number of Cajal cells may be influenced by the stage of local diverticular disease advancement, for example the increased quantity of collagen in the colonic wall, and not by the duration of symptoms. Diverticular disease is in most cases asymptomatic, and only patients operated with a high stage of local advancement of the disease following inefficacious conservative treatment and dietary modifications were enrolled into the study. The results of this study may contribute to the practical application of interstitial cells of Cajal detection methods in preoperative and intraoperative diagnostics, decision making regarding the extent of operative procedures, and reduction of recurrence after operative treatment. Progress concerning the role of interstitial cells of Cajal in the sigmoid colon of patients with diverticulosis may also contribute to the indications for modification of elective operative treatment, allowing more objective qualification of patients than currently possible.
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- Korek, Janusz
(författare)
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Paradoksy paryskiej "Kultury" : ewolucja myśli politycznej w latach 1947-1980
- 1998
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the dissertation is to analyze the political conceptions of the monthly "Kultura" in the period since its creation until 1980. The magazine, which started coming out in 1947 in Italy, was created by expatriate Poles, who after the Yalta Agreements chose to stay in the West. The editorial board soon moved to France where on the outskirts of Paris in the small town of Maisons-Laffitte the monthly journal has been edited ever since. Thanks to the original profile of the magazine and its political philosophy it has managed to group around itself numerous outstanding Polish writers and commentators, both those active in the emigré communities and those living in Poland. Also Western authors as well as writers and commentators from other countries in Central and Eastern Europe published their texts on the magazine's pages.In spite of "Kultura's" illustrious successes and unique accomplishments, earlier research on its history has not moved beyond its initial stage. In publications devoted to the phenomenon of "Kultura" we may encounter contradictory ideological qualifications and opinions on the magazine's political profile. This is a consequence of the fact that there is painful lack of source materials and dissertations analyzing the accomplishments of "Kultura" from a long term perspective. This dissertation aims to fill out this gap by analyzing a period of over thirty years in the history of the periodical. An attempt is made to divide this history into periods on the basis of ideological and political criteria. A further aim is to define the style of political thinking dominant in the materials published in the periodical and to characterize it against the background of earlier political debates in prewar Poland. The adopted diachronic perspective and the wide spectrum of analyzed phenomena provide the basis for an assessment of which conceptions and ideological elements and values were constantly present in the political platform of the editors and which made only a temporary appearance in connection with the political sympathies of the periodical or the changing circumstances on the world scene. It should be added that this is the first dissertation on the subject to cover truly comprehensive research material and to analyze the political trends in "Kultura" from a long-term perspective.The main thesis of the dissertation may be formulated as follows: "Kultura" succeeded in forging such conceptions and theories and in chosing such political options whose adequacy has found confirmation in the postwar developments both in Poland and on the international scene. This was possible, inter alia, because the magazine managed to rise above the limitations of traditional Polish ideological and political trends and worked out on its pages a new style of political thinking. "Kultura" is thus understood for the purposes of this dissertation as a periodical, a political centre and a school of political thought.
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- Liseling Nilsson, Sylvia A., 1963-
(författare)
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Kod kulturowy a przekład : Na podstawie wybranych utworów Astrid Lindgren i ich polskich przekładów
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The dissertation examines how the Swedish cultural code, contained in books by Astrid Lindgren, was transferred into the Polish linguistic and cultural domain. The research reveals how the Polish cultural filter affected the image of Swedish reality in the translations. The analysis took into account the transfer of both verbal and visual aspects of the cultural elements. A smooth transfer was achieved in the following sphere: changes in the linguistic code between interlocutors from different social strata; the way in which people from the privileged classes were addressed; the transfer of the verbal folklore of children. The folklore of Swedish and Polish children was shown to be more or less congruent, which may indicate the existence of a universal, transnational children’s code. The reconstruction of intertextual references was achieved in relation to the Bible. References to world literature succeeded in crossing the cultural border only partially. The complexity of the cultural code of the original led to an exoticization of the translated text. The colloquial language and dialect of the original, reflecting the structure of Swedish society failed to find its way into the translations. Emotionality in the form of expression, typical of Polish culture, caused the translations to be characterized by the use of diminutives. The emphasis on the emotional element is also visible in the enormous diversification of the verba dicendi in the translations, which also makes the text more expressive. The linguistic and stylistic conventions of the target language (i.e. Polish) caused the translations to depart from Lindgren’s simple and repetitive style. The addition of footnotes in the translations demonstrates the strong didactic tendencies in literature for children in Polish culture. They did not enrich the text of the translation, however, with any new information. The transfer of the visual element in the first translations was characterized by polonization and folkoricization. Scenes that show children at work and portray village life were subjected to a form of purification, so that the small-town milieu—in contrast to the village—was shown to advantage through its visualization. The typical rural buildings and the costumes of their inmates were transmitted via a strategy of folkloricization: by drawing on the relatively well-regarded peasant culture of the Podhale region of Poland.
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- Zawadzki, Michal
(författare)
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Kultura organizacyjna w perspektywie nurtu krytycznego w naukach o zarządzaniu
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Modern management sciences cope with serious epistemological problems, which are the result of the lack of critical autoreflection in this sciences. This situation especially aplies to the conception and knowledge of organizational culture, where we can recognize a kind of epistemological and cognitive crisis connected with the dominance of one-sided, functionalistic and instrumental approach in the scientific discourse. Knowledge and epistemological assumptions about organizational culture are significant for the quality and the way of analyzing and managing the organization as a kind of complex entity constituted by a human activity. That is why the main subject of this work is the critical reflection about epistemological assumptions about organizational culture - reflection which is conducted in the perspective of "Critical Management Studies". This reflection is strongly focused on denaturalization of the functionalistic paradigm in management sciences in order to constitute an emancipatory perspective. Using deepened theoretical research, the specificity of critical approach in management studies was shown, consequences of functionalistic and emancipatory approach to the organizational culture, and educational conditions upon which there is a possibility to socialize managers to the emancipatory way of participating in the organizational culture. Using empirical research based on the critical analysis of the text and discourse, an epistemological profile and popularity of the conception of organizational culture in Polish and Western discourse was shown. In this work the analysis of Polish and English-language literature was used and it covered mainly scientific books and journals.
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