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- Andersson, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Life cycle assessment (LCA) of food products and production systems
- 1994
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In: Trends in Food Science & Technology. - 0924-2244 .- 1879-3053 .- 0346-718X. ; 5:5, s. 134-138
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the late 1980s the demands for a more ecological life style and sustainability set off intense research for methods to analyse and assess the environmental impact of products and systems. The methodology crystallizing from this research is called life cycle assessment (LCA). This paper presents the concept, methodology, applications and present status of LCA. LCA as applied to food production systems is discussed in terms of needs, special demands on methodology, the studies that have been performed and ongoing activities. © 1994.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Nordström, Jan-Erik, et al.
(author)
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The Rheology of Wood -Considerations of the Mechano-Sorptive Creep
- 1994
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In: Träfysik-kompendium. - Stockholm : KTH Royal Institute of Technology. ; , s. 1-11
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This review of previous investigations is limited to the most descriptive material perceived by the authors to the actual phenomenon called "mechano-sorptive creep in wood". A detailed explanation of the situation today is presented, focusing on the macroscale considerations, highlighting also the influence of microscaled components (morphology, chemistry) in wood, which may provide an important explanation of the phenomenon. A discussion is performed combined with major conclusions on the subject.
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| 4. |
- Sandberg, Dick, 1967-
(author)
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Nedbrytningsmekanismer hos trä : 1. Fotokemisk nedbrytning - litterturstudie
- 1994
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- En litteraturstudie over fotokemisk nedbrytning av trä har genomförts. Själva nedbrytningen av de enskilda beståndsdelarna i träet, det viiI säga cellulosa, hemicellulosa, lignin och ett flertal extraktivämnen, som av den makroskopiska träsubstansen, har behandlats. Till skillnad från många av de litteraturstudier som tidigare har utförts inom detta område, har tonvikten inte lagts vid de kemiska reaktioner som sker då trä exponeras för elektromagnetisk strålning, utan mer på sjäIva träets nedbrytning på makroskopisk nivå. Skillnader i nedbrytningsmönster mellan virke med stående respektive liggande årsringar har också belysts.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Tham, Wilhelm, 1951-, et al.
(author)
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A case of food-brone listeriosis in Sweden, 1993
- 1994
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In: XVII. Nordic Veterinary Congress. - Reykjavik, Iceland : Icelandic Veterinary Association. ; , s. 82-82, s. 82-82
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Berndtson, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Experimental colonization of mice with Campylobacter jejuni
- 1994
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In: Veterinary Microbiology. - : Elsevier. - 0378-1135 .- 1873-2542. ; 41:1-2, s. 183-188
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ability of one human and two chicken strains of Campylobacter jejuni to colonise and survive in three different strains of laboratory mice (NMRI, CBA and C57-Black) was studied. Mice were inoculated orally with Campylobacter jejuni and faeces samples were cultured at regular intervals during the following months. The length of colonisation of mice differed between mouse strains but also between Campylobacter strains. The mouse strain C57-Black was not colonised with C. jejuni to the same degree as the other mouse strains. It is concluded that mice can become colonised for prolonged periods and that they may act as reservoirs of Campylobacter for other species.
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| 9. |
- Brundin, S.G., et al.
(author)
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Comparisons of Manure Handling Systems Under Swedish Conditions
- 1994
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In: Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-8634 .- 1095-9246. ; 58:2-3, s. 181-190
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Interest in manure handling has been rekindled in Sweden because of increasing awareness of environmental problems and high fertilizer prices. This study deals with the problem of optimizing the design of manure systems on Swedish farms. A mathematical model has been used which describes slurry systems for farms with growing fattening pigs and dairy cows and also solid manure systems for farms with dairy cows. The model deals with manure handling from animal to field crop, with an emphasis on application. Storage capacity and the quantity spread in different seasons were optimized using mixed integer linear programming. Various manure systems were compared when used in an economically optimal way. Key factors were uniformity of application, nitrogen losses through leaching and ammonia volutilization, timeliness and soil compaction. These factors place contradictory demands on the technical design of the equipment and on the timing of applications. Solid manure systems appear to be more profitable than slurry systems for small dairy farms with about 20 cows. For larger farms, slurry systems are better. Slurry systems will generally give a higher utilization of plant nutrients than solid manure systems. The utilization of nitrogen when using liquid manure is about 50% compared with about 30% for solid manure. A slurry tanker with conventional application equipment, i.e. a splash plate is the most profitable slurry spreader for small farms with 20 cows or 250 pig places. A low spreading boom is better on a larger scale, with about 2000 pigs or 160 dairy cows. A pendular nozzle is preferred on a scale in between. Irrigation systems for liquid manure may be profitable in even larger-scale systems. Some promising areas for technical development are identified, such as improved urine separation in solid manure systems and application with irrigation equipment in large-scale slurry systems.
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| 10. |
- Danfors, Birger
(author)
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Changes in subsoil porosity caused by heavy vehicles
- 1994
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In: Soil & Tillage Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-1987 .- 1879-3444. ; 29:2-3, s. 135-144
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Previous Swedish studies led to a recommendation to limit the load on a single axle to 6 Mg and on a tandem axle unit to 8 Mg in order to avoid permanent subsoil compaction in wet soil. In recent years large tyres that can carry large loads at low inflation pressure have been available. In a new project it was studied whether the use of such tyres may change the recommended load limits. Loads of 8-12 Mg on a single axle or 10-20 Mg on a tandem axle unit significantly reduced the porosity in the 300-400 and 400-500 mm soil layer. In the 400-500 mm soil layer in inflation pressure of 50 or 100 kPa compared with 150 kPa did not substantially reduce compaction. The results indicate that no important increase in the previously recommended limits can be proposed. © 1994.
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