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- Wiklund, Maria Lennernäs, et al.
(författare)
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Nocturnal eating and serum cholesterol of three-shift workers
- 1994
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 20:6, s. 401-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES - The goal of this study was to examine the effect of rotating three-shift work on the circadian distribution of dietary intake and to investigate the relationships between displaced eating and nutritional status variables [blood lipids, blood glucose, body mass index (BMI)]. METHODS - Dietary data were collected by 147 replicate 24-h dietary recalls from 22 male industrial workers in rotating three-shift work. The intakes of energy and nutrients were estimated by the use of a nutrient data base. The BMI was calculated, and blood glucose, serum triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were measured once. RESULTS - The dietary intakes of energy, protein, total fat, saturated fat, total carbohydrates, sucrose, and dietary fibre did not differ between 24-h periods but did differ between work shifts and were lowest during the night. Correlation analyses between dietary intakes and nutritional status parameters showed that those who redistributed their eating most to the night shift had higher levels of serum total cholesterol and LDL and a higher LDL:HDL ratio; 63% of the LDL cholesterol level was explained by carbohydrate intake during night shifts. In contrast, the total intake for whole 24-h periods or across entire shift cycles was not related to serum variables or BMI. CONCLUSIONS - Dietary intake is lower during night shifts (34-37% of 24-h intake of various nutrients) than during morning shifts (43-47%) and afternoon shifts (47-59%). The redistribution of food intake to the night may be associated with metabolic disturbances in lipid metabolism.
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- Wiklund, Maria Lennernäs, et al.
(författare)
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Nutrient intake in day workers and shift workers
- 1994
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Ingår i: Work & Stress. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0267-8373 .- 1464-5335. ; 8:4, s. 332-342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 24-h dietary intake, nutritional status parameters and psychosomatic factors of two-shift, three-shift and day workers were compared. Estimations of the dietary intake (across a work cycle) were made by use of a nutrient database. No significant differences were found between the groups for a large number of nutritional variables: intake of energy; intake and percentage of energy from protein, fat, total carbohydrates and sucrose; intake of coffee; and intake and density of vitamins and minerals. Only minor differences were found between the groups with regard to the quantitative intake of alcohol and calcium, and with regard to the quality of the diet (percentage of energy from alcohol, density of calcium). The groups differed significantly with respect to attitude towards work hours (three-shift workers being most negative in their attitude) and sleep disturbances (shift workers being most negative). The three-shift workers were more evening-oriented and they had higher concentrations of glucose in their blood. It was concluded that work hours not related to nutritional intake-at least not when total amounts across time are considered. It was also concluded that work hours were not related to Body Mass Index or blood lipids: triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol and HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol
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- Wiklund, Maria Lennernäs, et al.
(författare)
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Nutrition and 3-shift work : the 24-hour intake of energy and nutrients
- 1994
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Ingår i: Ecology of Food and Nutrition. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0367-0244 .- 1543-5237. ; 32:3-4, s. 157-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Food consumption was studied (repeated 24-hour recalls) during five days (four different work shifts and days off) in 16 healthy Swedish male papermill workers (rotating 3-shift). A comparison (energy, fourteen nutrients) between 24-hr periods showed a higher intake of energy and five nutrients during the 12 h work shift day compared to days off. The mean 24-hr energy-intake varied between 16,7 MJ (12 h work shift) and 13,3 MJ (days off). When only work hours were considered, the intake of energy and six nutrients were significantly higher during the morning-shift compared to the night-shift. There were no differences in the quality of the diet or the coffee consumption between 24-hr days or between 8-hr shifts. It was concluded that shift work affects 24 h nutrient intake to a very limited extent, although the distribution within 24 hours may vary.
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| 7. |
- Bengtsson, Lars, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Kvalitet och arbetsutveckling- hur går det ihop? : En förstudie
- 1994
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During the 20th century taylorism has been dominating as a production. concept. But lately the companies has started to look for new concepts. Examples of these are presented in the report: Flexible taylorism, Computer Integrated Manufacturing, Socio-technic, Anthropocentric Production Systems, Lean Production, Time Based Management, Total Quality Management (TQM) and Reengineering. Quality as a strategy is getting stronger and stronger and the prior focus on work organization. and better jobs have now turned towards TQM. TQM consists of, except of different techniques and methods, development of organization, work and personnel.The main question in our study concern the connection between the development of quallity and work. The efficiency in changes is in many parts depending on the organization of work and the motivation and knowledge of the employees. In accordance to this we have used a model in six case-studies that distinguish the technical system and different quality methods used, but mainly the changes concerning personnel and organization. The results are:* The companies follow three quality strategies that affect the employees situation: Control, Motivation and Work development.* The choice of strategy depends on experiences from Work development and the production philosophy in the company.* The Control strategy can give better quality but poor productivity. There are no belief in workers and the work is controlled in detail.* The Motivation strategy upgrade the workers but only optimize the existing system. It can give contradictory work demands if the responsibility for quality inspection is not based on authorities.* The Working development strategy gives possibilities to a flexible manufacturing system and a good work. In ideal the development of work and quality is one process with the same persons involved.* Quality systems based on ISO 9000 have limited effects on the inner efficiency and bring a risk for a new hierarchy.* TQM-work can change the quality organization and create two different organizations. One that is working with product quality and one that is working across the traditional organization.* Kaizen-work has in the study only been seen on the shop floor and as a tool for optimizing the direct work/working place.* TQM is to make all processes in a company better. That makesmeasuring and feedback important. It can affect in total managementcontrol or give the opportunity to management by objectives.* The unions has no strategy for have to deal with quality strategies.
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- Bustad, Johnny, et al.
(författare)
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C1s and O1s gas phase shake-up spectra from Mo(CO)6
- 1994
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Ingår i: Chemical Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-0104 .- 1873-4421. ; 179:3, s. 303-312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental high-resolution core photoelectron C1s and O1s shake-up spectra of molybdenum hexacarbonyl, Mo(CO)(6), are reported and compared with results of semiempirical INDO/CI calculations. Several hitherto unobserved peaks are identified and assigned. It is found that an intra- and inter-group classification can be used to describe the transitions. The transitions of lowest energy have Mo-CO inter-group character. Dynamical effects on the line widths of the experimental shake-up peaks are discussed. A discussion of the relevance of experimental results obtained for the Mo(CO)(6)e for CO adsorption on metal surfaces is presented.
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- Ekstrand, Lasse, 1949-
(författare)
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Det finns där...
- 1994. - 1
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Ingår i: Korpen 20 år. - 91 7374 716 5
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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