| 1. |
- Karlsson-Tuula, Marie, 1961-
(författare)
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Rekonstruktion av företag inom insolvenslagstiftningens ramar : en jämförande studie av svensk och amerikansk insolvensrätt
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Insolvency law is the rooth of commercial and financial law because it obliges the legislator to chose. There is not enough money to go round so the law must chose who to pay. The law must always decide who is to bear the risk so there is always a winner and a loser. The insolvency law has been at the policy agenda in many countries in the last years. In France, Germany, Italy, Japan and other countries have the legal frameworks changed from liquidation procedures to reorganization business. The legal situation in Sweden has also changed from compositions to reorganization business, lagen om företagsrekonstruktion. The key issues are to encourage the formal proceeding by enlarging the debtors control of the business and by inroads creditors rights, in which case the proceeding is pro-debtor.This dissertation compares Swedish and American Bankruptcy Codes with respect to similarities and differences at macro- and micro perspectives. Chapter 11 Reorganization Business in America provides a corporate rehabilitation model, which has been used in other countries. The dissertation also compares the use of the concepts of - the purpose, - the function and - the direction of Swedish and American Bankruptcy Laws in order to establish whether the law is pro-debtor or pro-creditor. The key indicators of whether the rescue proceeding is pro-debtor or pro-creditor include; - How easy it is to enter the rescue proceeding. Debtor's incentives to commence proceeding, freeze on executions and liquidation petitions, impact on security, impact on title of finance, impact on set-off and netting, impact on contract rescissions and lease forfeitures. Disclaimer and abandonment, ability to replace the management, financing of the rescue, scope of the rehabilitation plan. It is argued that the optimal bankruptcy law can be achieved if the law purpose, the function and the law direction relate to each other in Sweden, in both reorganization business and in the liquidation code and it also compared with the American Bankruptcy Code. According to my opinion this is important both in a national and international context.The dissertation also deals with debtor's contract in an insolvency situation in reorganization business and in liquidation. Swedish Laws are compared to the American Bankruptcy Code and point out similarities and differences. In the American Bankruptcy Code there is a special section 365 § BC dealing with executory contract, this section is nearly the same for both the reorganization- and liquidationproceedings. The contracts must be unperformed which means the obligation of both the bankrupt and the other party in the contract are so far unperformed that the failure of either to complete performance would constitute a material breach excusing the performance of the other. If the contract is unperformed the debtor has the possibility to chose if the contracts shall be assumed, assumed and assigned or rejected. Section 365 § BC requires the court to consider whether assumption of the contract in question will further be needed in either rehabilitation or liquidation of the bankruptcy estate. The court reviews the financial impact of the estate and if it is benefiting becoming administratively obligated to perform. The court also review if is best to breach the contract. In Sweden we have different sections which regulate the situation. One section in our reorganization law, lagen om företagsrekonstruktion, we also have two special sections in the law of Sale of Goods, which deals with contract when a debtor became insolvent or file for reorganization business. But we don't have any section in our liquidation law, konkurslagstiftningen, which in my opinion is very strange. We also have a problem with the legislation about swaps and netting which are regulated in a special law, lagen om handel med finansiella intrument. Particular attention is given to the advantages and disadvantages of the existing rules in Swedish legal system compared with 365 § in American Bankruptcy Code. From a national point of view such section should preferably include all types of contract in only one section which is nearly the same as the American model of section 365 §.
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| 2. |
- Gustavsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Cost of disorders of the brain in Europe 2010.
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Neuropsychopharmacology. - Amsterdam : Elsevier BV. - 0924-977X .- 1873-7862. ; 21:10, s. 718-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The spectrum of disorders of the brain is large, covering hundreds of disorders that are listed in either the mental or neurological disorder chapters of the established international diagnostic classification systems. These disorders have a high prevalence as well as short- and long-term impairments and disabilities. Therefore they are an emotional, financial and social burden to the patients, their families and their social network. In a 2005 landmark study, we estimated for the first time the annual cost of 12 major groups of disorders of the brain in Europe and gave a conservative estimate of €386 billion for the year 2004. This estimate was limited in scope and conservative due to the lack of sufficiently comprehensive epidemiological and/or economic data on several important diagnostic groups. We are now in a position to substantially improve and revise the 2004 estimates. In the present report we cover 19 major groups of disorders, 7 more than previously, of an increased range of age groups and more cost items. We therefore present much improved cost estimates. Our revised estimates also now include the new EU member states, and hence a population of 514 million people.AIMS: To estimate the number of persons with defined disorders of the brain in Europe in 2010, the total cost per person related to each disease in terms of direct and indirect costs, and an estimate of the total cost per disorder and country.METHODS: The best available estimates of the prevalence and cost per person for 19 groups of disorders of the brain (covering well over 100 specific disorders) were identified via a systematic review of the published literature. Together with the twelve disorders included in 2004, the following range of mental and neurologic groups of disorders is covered: addictive disorders, affective disorders, anxiety disorders, brain tumor, childhood and adolescent disorders (developmental disorders), dementia, eating disorders, epilepsy, mental retardation, migraine, multiple sclerosis, neuromuscular disorders, Parkinson's disease, personality disorders, psychotic disorders, sleep disorders, somatoform disorders, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. Epidemiologic panels were charged to complete the literature review for each disorder in order to estimate the 12-month prevalence, and health economic panels were charged to estimate best cost-estimates. A cost model was developed to combine the epidemiologic and economic data and estimate the total cost of each disorder in each of 30 European countries (EU27+Iceland, Norway and Switzerland). The cost model was populated with national statistics from Eurostat to adjust all costs to 2010 values, converting all local currencies to Euro, imputing costs for countries where no data were available, and aggregating country estimates to purchasing power parity adjusted estimates for the total cost of disorders of the brain in Europe 2010.RESULTS: The total cost of disorders of the brain was estimated at €798 billion in 2010. Direct costs constitute the majority of costs (37% direct healthcare costs and 23% direct non-medical costs) whereas the remaining 40% were indirect costs associated with patients' production losses. On average, the estimated cost per person with a disorder of the brain in Europe ranged between €285 for headache and €30,000 for neuromuscular disorders. The European per capita cost of disorders of the brain was €1550 on average but varied by country. The cost (in billion €PPP 2010) of the disorders of the brain included in this study was as follows: addiction: €65.7; anxiety disorders: €74.4; brain tumor: €5.2; child/adolescent disorders: €21.3; dementia: €105.2; eating disorders: €0.8; epilepsy: €13.8; headache: €43.5; mental retardation: €43.3; mood disorders: €113.4; multiple sclerosis: €14.6; neuromuscular disorders: €7.7; Parkinson's disease: €13.9; personality disorders: €27.3; psychotic disorders: €93.9; sleep disorders: €35.4; somatoform disorder: €21.2; stroke: €64.1; traumatic brain injury: €33.0. It should be noted that the revised estimate of those disorders included in the previous 2004 report constituted €477 billion, by and large confirming our previous study results after considering the inflation and population increase since 2004. Further, our results were consistent with administrative data on the health care expenditure in Europe, and comparable to previous studies on the cost of specific disorders in Europe. Our estimates were lower than comparable estimates from the US.DISCUSSION: This study was based on the best currently available data in Europe and our model enabled extrapolation to countries where no data could be found. Still, the scarcity of data is an important source of uncertainty in our estimates and may imply over- or underestimations in some disorders and countries. Even though this review included many disorders, diagnoses, age groups and cost items that were omitted in 2004, there are still remaining disorders that could not be included due to limitations in the available data. We therefore consider our estimate of the total cost of the disorders of the brain in Europe to be conservative. In terms of the health economic burden outlined in this report, disorders of the brain likely constitute the number one economic challenge for European health care, now and in the future. Data presented in this report should be considered by all stakeholder groups, including policy makers, industry and patient advocacy groups, to reconsider the current science, research and public health agenda and define a coordinated plan of action of various levels to address the associated challenges.RECOMMENDATIONS: Political action is required in light of the present high cost of disorders of the brain. Funding of brain research must be increased; care for patients with brain disorders as well as teaching at medical schools and other health related educations must be quantitatively and qualitatively improved, including psychological treatments. The current move of the pharmaceutical industry away from brain related indications must be halted and reversed. Continued research into the cost of the many disorders not included in the present study is warranted. It is essential that not only the EU but also the national governments forcefully support these initiatives.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Lundmark, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Vilka är ute i naturen? Delresultat från en nationell enkät om friluftsliv och naturturism i Sverige
- 2008
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta är en av fyra rapporter som ger en översiktlig bild av resultaten från en nationell enkätundersökning om friluftsliv och naturturism i Sverige. Studien är genomförd av forskningsprogrammet Friluftsliv i förändring. Resultaten som presenteras här fokuserar bl a på vilka som är ute i naturen och vilka aktiviteter man ägnar sig åt. Nästan alla uppfattar skogar, fjäll, sjöar och hav som ”natur” men det är inte alls lika självklart med t.ex. badstränder, trädgårdar och elljusspår. Mer än hälften av de svarande är ute i naturen ganska ofta, eller mycket ofta, under vardagar. Under längre ledigheter ökar denna andel till 89 %. Naturen är också en central miljö för barns uppväxt och t.ex. har hela 94 % av de svarande ofta, eller mycket ofta, tillbringat lov och semestrar i naturen. Nöjes- och motionspromenader är vanligast att ha ägnat sig åt åtminstone en gång under en 12- månadersperiod (nästan 95 % av de svarande), följt av strövat i skog och mark (90 %), arbetat i trädgården (84 %), solbadat (81 %), och haft picknick eller grillat i naturen (80 %). Även om vi ser till de aktiviteter som är vanligast att ägna sig åt ofta (mer än 60 gånger per år) så toppas listan av nöjes- och motionspromenader (ca 32 %), följt av cykla på vägar, arbeta i trädgården, ströva i skog och mark och promenera med hund. Vi har också gjort en fördjupad analys när det gäller de tio vanligaste aktiviteterna som de svarande angett att de utövat mer än 20 gånger under en 12-månadersperiod (ca 1-2 gånger per månad). Det visar sig då att kvinnorna generellt är mer aktiva. Jogging/terränglöpning, jakt och fiske är mer vanligt bland män medan solbad, picknick och stavgång är mer representerat hos kvinnor. Gruppen under 30 år skiljer ut sig något genom att promenera med hund är vanligare och arbete i trädgården mindre vanligt, jämfört med övriga grupper. Joggning/terränglöpning tycks också vara en aktivitet främst hos yngre och medelålders, medan det omvända gäller för stavgång. Föräldrarnas uppväxtland tycks inte ha så stor betydelse för vilka aktiviteter man väljer, men svarande med svenska föräldrar utövar aktiviteterna i större utsträckning jämfört med personer vars föräldrar vuxit upp utomlands. Ett undantag finns emellertid för picknick eller att grilla i naturen vilket är vanligare hos svarande med utländska föräldrar.
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| 5. |
- Paulsson, Gun, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of oral health assessments between nursing staff and patients on medical wards
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Care. - Oxford : Blackwell Publishing. - 0961-5423 .- 1365-2354. ; 17:1, s. 49-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The maintenance of good oral health is essential for nutrition, recovery and well-being. This requires the involvement of the nursing staff, especially in cases where oral care and any necessary dental treatment are vital to ensure medical treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of oral assessments performed by nursing staff using the revised oral assessment guide (ROAG), using comparisons with patients' self-assessment of oral problems. When a comparison was made of how the staff and patients assessed their oral status, a high level of agreement was found. In these assessments, with the exception of oral mucosa and teeth, the percentage agreement was >80. The kappa coefficient revealed slight to moderate agreement. When there was a disagreement, the staff assessed the oral health as being significantly poorer than the patients did. In the present study, it was shown that few oral assessments performed by the nursing staff and patient disagreed. The ROAG may therefore be useful for the nursing staff to make the patients' oral health problems visible. © 2007 The Authors; Journal compilation © 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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| 6. |
- Hederos, Carl-Axel, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of clinically diagnosed asthma with parental assessment of children's asthma in a questionnaire
- 2007
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Ingår i: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0905-6157 .- 1399-3038. ; 18:2, s. 135-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epidemiological evaluations of the prevalence of asthma are usually based on written questionnaires (WQs) in combination with validation by clinical investigation. In the present investigation, we compared parental assessment of asthma among their preschool children in response to a WQ with the corresponding medical records in the same region. An International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)-based WQ was answered by 75% of the parents of 6295 children aged 1–6 yr. Clinically diagnosed asthma, recorded in connection with admissions to the hospital or a visit to any of the outpatient clinics in the same region, were analysed in parallel. Finally, a complementary WQ was sent to the parents of children identified as asthmatic by either or both of this approaches. In response to the WQ 5.9% were claimed to suffer from asthma diagnosed by a doctor. According to the medical records, the prevalence of clinically diagnosed asthma was 4.9%. The estimated prevalence among children requiring treatment for their asthma was 4.4%. The sensitivity of the WQ was 77%, the specificity 97.5%. In the 1–2 yr age group the sensitivity was only 22%. This WQ was able to identify 54% of the children with a medical record of asthma. Forty percent of the children claimed by their parents to be asthmatic had no medical record of asthma. An ISAAC-based parentally completed WQ provided an acceptable estimation of the prevalence of asthma in children 2–6 yr of age, although only half of the individual patients identified in this manner are the same as those identified clinically.
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| 7. |
- Larsen, Joacim, et al.
(författare)
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Symptom occurrence, symptom intensity, and symptom distress in patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy with stem-cell transplantation
- 2004
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Ingår i: Cancer Nursing. - Baltimore Maryland : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0162-220X .- 1538-9804. ; 27:1, s. 55-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main aim of this study was to investigate the patients' self-reported symptom occurrence, symptom intensity (SI), and symptom distress (SD) from admission for stem-cell transplantation (SCT) until discharge from the ward. Forty-three patients participated and data were collected at 7 different time-points by using the self-administered Symptom Frequency, Intensity, and Distress questionnaire for SCT (SFID-SCT). The results showed that symptom occurrence followed a curve on which the highest frequencies of symptoms were reported from the day of the SCT (T2) until the end of the protective care period (T5). The mean SI and SD scores became higher when the number of reported symptoms increased. Between T2 and T5, 33% to 54% of the patients reported >10 simultaneous symptoms. Symptoms reported by more than 50% of the patients during T2-T5 were tiredness, loss of appetite, mouth dryness, nausea, sleeping disturbances, diarrhea, and changes of taste. Loss of appetite, tiredness, and mouth dryness were, in descending order, the 3 symptoms reported as most intense and distressing. A statistically significantly higher SD-score was found for the patients undergoing allogeneic SCT on the day before start of the conditioning regimen, as compared to the patients undergoing autologous SCT. Patients reporting no anxiety on admission were found to have higher, mean SD-scores at the end of the hospital stay than anxious patients. The SFID-SCT questionnaire was found to give useful information not only about symptom occurrence but also about SI and SD. To use an instrument that distinguishes between these aspects of the symptom experience may help health care professionals to support the patients through the SCT-process.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Janicke, et al.
(författare)
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Att leva med tiden : Samhälls- och kulturanalytiska perspektiv på ålder och åldrande
- 2011
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Att leva med tiden handlar om vad ålder och åldrande kan betyda i olika sammanhang och hur betydelsen förändras över tid och rum. I boken diskuteras olika samhälls- och kulturvetenskapliga perspektiv på ålder och åldrande. Boken belyser vilka konsekvenser vetenskapliga sätt att se på åldrande kan få i analys av, och relation till, vardagsliv, vetenskaplig verksamhet och i det offentliga livet. Förutom historiska tillbakablickar presenteras också teorier om ålder, normalitet och identitet samt ålder ur ett intersektionellt perspektiv.
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| 9. |
- Anclair, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Parental fears following their child's brain tumor diagnosis and treatment.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of pediatric oncology nursing : official journal of the Association of Pediatric Oncology Nurses. - : SAGE Publications. - 1043-4542 .- 1532-8457. ; 26:2, s. 68-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study is to portray the illness-related threats experienced by parents of children after the diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) tumor. Parents were asked to rate the extent to which they experienced a set of specific fears related to their child's brain tumor and its treatment. Outcomes for parents of CNS tumor patients (n = 82) were compared with those of reference parents of patients treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 208). The fears about an illness recurrence and the late effects of treatment were most prominent among parents of CNS tumor patients. For 7 out of 11 kinds of fear, parents of CNS tumor patients expressed a stronger fear than the reference group. More than a quarter of the parents of children treated for CNS tumors feared a complete decline of the child. Parents of CNS tumor patients experience relatively heightened cancer related fears in several domains. The fear of devastating consequences felt by one fourth of parents signals the need of individualized psychological support and information at diagnosis and follow-up to facilitate parental coping with the posttreatment situation.
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| 10. |
- Wittchen, H U, et al.
(författare)
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The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010.
- 2011
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Ingår i: European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7862 .- 0924-977X. ; 21:9, s. 655-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To provide 12-month prevalence and disability burden estimates of a broad range of mental and neurological disorders in the European Union (EU) and to compare these findings to previous estimates. Referring to our previous 2005 review, improved up-to-date data for the enlarged EU on a broader range of disorders than previously covered are needed for basic, clinical and public health research and policy decisions and to inform about the estimated number of persons affected in the EU.
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