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| 2. |
- Nestorson, A., et al.
(författare)
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Multivariate analysis of retention and distribution of aroma compounds in barrier dispersion coatings
- 2007
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Ingår i: Packaging Technology and Science. - : Wiley InterScience. - 0894-3214 .- 1099-1522. ; 20:5, s. 345-358
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of drying conditions, latex type, talc content and amount of added aroma compounds on the retention and distribution of aroma compounds in barrier dispersion coatings was explored using static headspace gas chromatography combined with multivariate data analysis. The model aroma system consisted of an alcohol, an ester, an aldehyde, a ketone and two terpenes. Four latex grades based on styrene-acrylate and styrene-butadiene were studied. It was found that non-polar aroma compounds were retained best in styrene-butadiene latex, while polar ones were retained more in the styrene-acrylate latex. Talc increased the retention of all the aroma compounds. The retention of polar compounds was higher with shorter drying times, which is probably due to greater losses during the later steps of the film formation process when internal water was evaporated. Polarity and talc also affected the partition of the aroma compounds between air and film.
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| 4. |
- Hyvonen, R., et al.
(författare)
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The likely impact of elevated [CO2], nitrogen deposition, increased temperature and management on carbon sequestration in temperate and boreal forest ecosystems: a literature review
- 2007
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Ingår i: New Phytologist. - Cambridge : Wiley. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 173:3, s. 463-480
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Temperate and boreal forest ecosystems contain a large part of the carbon stored on land, in the form of both biomass and soil organic matter. Increasing atmospheric [CO2], increasing temperature, elevated nitrogen deposition and intensified management will change this C store. Well documented single-factor responses of net primary production are: higher photosynthetic rate (the main [CO2] response); increasing length of growing season (the main temperature response); and higher leaf-area index (the main N deposition and partly [CO2] response). Soil organic matter will increase with increasing litter input, although priming may decrease the soil C stock initially, but litter quality effects should be minimal (response to [CO2], N deposition, and temperature); will decrease because of increasing temperature; and will increase because of retardation of decomposition with N deposition, although the rate of decomposition of high-quality litter can be increased and that of low-quality litter decreased. Single-factor responses can be misleading because of interactions between factors, in particular those between N and other factors, and indirect effects such as increased N availability from temperature-induced decomposition. In the long term the strength of feedbacks, for example the increasing demand for N from increased growth, will dominate over short-term responses to single factors. However, management has considerable potential for controlling the C store.
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| 5. |
- Johansson, C. A., et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of experiences of training emergency care in military exercises and competences among conscript nurses with different levels of education
- 2007
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Ingår i: Military Medicine. - : Association of Military Surgeons. - 0026-4075 .- 1930-613X. ; 172:10, s. 1046-1052
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The military emergency care education of nurses is primarily concerned with the treatment of soldiers with combat-related injuries. Even though great progress has been made in military medicine, there is still the pedagogical question of what emergency care education for military nurses should contain and how it should be taught. The aim of this study was to describe and compare experiences of training emergency care in military exercises among conscript nurses with different levels of education. A descriptive study was performed to describe and compare experiences of training emergency care in military exercises among conscript nurses with different levels of education in nursing. There were statistical differences between nurses with general nursing education and nurses with a general nursing education and supplementary education. A reasonable implication of the differences is that the curriculum must be designed differently depending on the educational background of the students. Hence, there is an interaction between background characteristics, e.g., the level of previous education and differences pertaining to clinical experience of the participants, and the impact of the exercise itself.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Nestorson, A., et al.
(författare)
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Control of aroma permeability in latex coatings by altering the vinyl acid content and the temperature around Tg
- 2007
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Ingår i: Polymer testing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0142-9418 .- 1873-2348. ; 26:7, s. 916-926
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mass transport of four different aroma compounds (ethyl butyrate, 1-hexanol, heptanal and limonene) through styrene-acrylate latex dispersion coatings with different amounts of vinyl acid groups has been studied using a permeation cell. The permeation test was studied above and below the glass transition temperature of the styrene-acrylate latex films in order to study the influence of changes in free volume and polymer rigidity on the aroma permeation induced by glassy-rubbery transition. An increase in the carboxylic acid content of the latices reduced the diffusivity. The solubility of all the aroma compounds tended to increase with increasing carboxylic acid groups content in the latex films, including the non-polar limonene. Other factors than polarity and chemical attraction forces including volatility and molar volume of the aroma compounds thus affected the mass transfer. Since solubility and diffusion oppose each other, the differences in permeability towards aroma compounds between the latex films were small. Below the glass transition temperature, the free volume is less, resulting in a lower mobility of the permeants and, therefore, a lower diffusivity than above the glass transition. A small increase in solubility was seen at the lower temperature, probably due to the lower volatility of the aroma compounds. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Sandberg, Dick, 1967-
(författare)
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Simuleringsverktyg för skiktlimning – nulägesanalys av processen och prioriterade arbetsområden. : Simulation Tools for laminated bending of veneer - state of the art for the process and priority work.
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport är en dokumentation av villkor och förutsättningar som gäller vid skiktlimning av faner för inredning och möbler inom delprojektet ”Skiktlimning av björk och bok” vid AB Åberg & Söner i Lönsboda.En analys av skiktlimningsprocessens status ger vid handen:Stora kunskapsluckor finns om de grundläggande fenomenen vid skiktlimning.Tydlig förändring av processerna sker mot:- mer avancerade produkter- korta serier- korta leveranstider- fokusering på pris och kvalitetSkiktlimning är ett av de få områden där svensk trämanufakturindustri har möjlighet att konkurrera mot låglöneländer.Ett framtidsscenario är att om 5 till 10 år kommer i stort sett alla beställningar via arkitekter och designers till företaget på elektronisk väg. Ritningarna är gjorda med hjälp av något CAD program. På grund av kravet på korta ledtider och utvecklingen mot allt mer avancerade produkter måste man kunna öppna och läsa olika CAD-program och utifrån dessa ritningar kunna avgöra om det är möjligt att i sin tillverkning tillverka den önskade produkten. Till sin hjälp i denna situation är företaget i behov av ett simuleringsverktyg i form av en matematisk modell som man har tillgång till. Med hjälp av detta verktyg skall risken kunna beräknas för att lokala brott i faneren inträffar, sprickor och limsläpp uppstår, samt att andra orsaker vid produktionen förorsakar kassaktioner av den färdiga eller nära färdiga produkten. Ytterligare ett önskemål är att det ritningsunderlag som man i digital form får från arkitekter i dess ursprungsform kan ligga till grund för tillverkningen. En analys av dagens tillverkning i relation till de framtida behoven som företaget kommer har genomförts och redovisas med förslag.
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| 9. |
- Westin, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Encounters in Swedish nursing homes : a hermeneutic study of residents' experiences
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 60:2, s. 172-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim. This paper is a report of a study to illuminate and interpret the meaning of residents' experiences of encounters with nurses in nursing homes.Background. A large number of older people suffer from illness and become dependent on other people in their daily living. These people are often in need of care in nursing homes. It is assumed that encounters between nurses and residents are of importance in how residents experience care in nursing homes.Method. Twelve residents from three nursing homes in Sweden were interviewed in 2004–2005 about their experiences in encounters with nurses. The interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. A hermeneutic method was used to describe and interpret the meaning of residents' experiences.Findings. Three themes emerged: 'being somebody', 'being nobody' and 'being in a community'. The encounters had both positive and negative influences on residents, expressed as being somebody and belonging somewhere or being nobody and not being seen as a person or simply being left out of things. Encounters between residents and nurses have a mutual dependency where residents certainly have some influence on the relationship. The nurses have both an influence on the relationship and a professional responsibility for the outcome of encounters with residents.Conclusion. The insights gained from the study can guide nurses in their encounters with residents in nursing homes so that they feel respected as unique human beings and part of a community.
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| 10. |
- Svensson, Bo, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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Anaerobic digestion of alfalfa silage with recirculation of process liquid
- 2007
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 98:1, s. 104-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Process liquid recirculation initially stimulated one-phase anaerobic digestion of alfalfa silage in two semi-continuously fed and stirred tank reactors. Thus, with increased pH, alkalinity and stability it was possible to increase the organic loading rate to 3 g VS L-1 d-1, as compared to 2.25 g VS L-1 d-1 in a control reactor without recirculation. However, the recirculation of liquid eventually caused an accumulation of organic and inorganic substances, leading to an inhibition of hydrolysis and methanogenesis. This inhibition of microbial activity was prevented in one of the processes by replacing 50% of the recirculated process liquid with water during the second half of the operation period. A multiple linear regression model of principal components using seven input variables explained the variance in output variables nearly as well as the original model using all 23 measured input variables. The results show that it is necessary to adjust the degree of liquid recirculation to reach an optimal process. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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