| 1. |
- Petersson, Gunnel H, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing caries risk factors and risk profiles between children and elderly.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Swedish dental journal. - 0347-9994. ; 28:3, s. 119-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of this study were to compare the caries risk profiles of children and elderly, the actual annual caries increment and the impact of some selected caries related factors. Another aim was to find out if there were gender differences among the participants. The risk profiles were created by a computerised risk assessment program, the Cariogram, which evaluates data and presents the weighted and summarized result as one figure, illustrating the ‘percent chance of avoiding caries’ in the future. Methods: The Cariogram was earlier evaluated in two longitudinal studies for its capacity to assess caries risk. One study comprised about 400 children, 10-11 years of age and the other study included about 150 elderly (age 55, 65 and 75). At baseline, information on past caries experience, diet, oral hygiene and use of fluoride was obtained. Saliva analyses included mutans streptococci and lactobacilli, buffering capacity and secretion rate. The caries risk was assessed and the participants were divided into five groups according to the calculated Cariogram risk profiles. After two and five years, respectively, caries was re-evaluated and the incidence was compared with the predictions. Results: The Cariogram risk predictions were statistically in agreement with the actual caries increment. Fifty percent of the children, but only two percent of the elderly appeared in the lowest caries risk group. Of the elderly, 26.4% belonged to the highest caries risk group versus 3.1% of the children. The median value ‘chance of avoiding caries’ was 44% for the elderly and 80% for the children. The main Cariogram sectors contributing to the observed higher caries risk among elderly was the bacterial components in combination with higher susceptibility. Individual factors contributing significantly to the higher risk profiles for the adults compared to the children were higher plaque scores, higher counts of mutans streptococci and lower buffering capacity. Conclusion: comparing the risk profiles of the children and the elderly showed that the elderly were at a higher risk developing caries lesions. Overall one may say that the risk for caries, as assessed by the Cariogram, was twice as high for the elderly.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Bodil T, et al.
(författare)
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Radiographers' areas of professional competence related to good nursing care
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - 0283-9318. ; 22:3, s. 401-409
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Radiographers' ability and competence is a matter of vital importance for patients. Nursing care is an integral part of the radiographer's work. The demand for high competence in clinical activities has increased in diagnostic radiology and has had an impact on the development of the profession.AIM: The aim was to describe the radiographer's areas of professional competence in relation to good nursing care based on critical incidents that occur in the course of radiological examinations and interventions.METHOD: A descriptive design with a qualitative approach, using the Critical Incident Technique was employed. Interviews were conducted with a strategic sample of registered radiographers (n = 14), based at different hospitals in Sweden.ETHICAL ISSUES: The appropriate ethical principles were followed. All the participants provided informed consent, and formal approval for conducting the research was obtained according to national and local directives.RESULTS: The data analysis resulted in two main areas; direct and indirect patient-related areas of competence, which describe the radiographers' skills that either facilitate or hinder good nursing care. In the direct patient-related area of competence, four categories emerged, which illustrate good nursing care in the patient's immediate surroundings. In the indirect patient-related area of competence, four categories illuminated good nursing care that is provided without direct contact with the patient.CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights the different areas of the radiographer's unique professional competence. The findings provide insight into the radiographer's profession, on one hand as a carer and on the other as a medical technologist as well as highlighting the importance of each role. The radiographer's work encompasses a variety of components--from caring for the patient to handling and checking the technical equipment.
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| 3. |
- Lindgren, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Changing attitudes - Women's experiences of negative reactions to their decision for home birth: A population-based study.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Sexual & reproductive healthcare. - Elsevier. - 1877-5764. ; 3:1, s. 55-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being confronted with negative attitudes influences the self-concept of pregnant women. Few women in Sweden give birth at home, and Sweden does not have national home birth guidelines. This study describes women's experiences concerning reactions to their decision to give birth at home. One in five women experienced negative attitudes to a high extent from health care staff during the study period (1992-2005). Fewer women reported this during the latter part of the period compared to the earlier part. The change in attitudes may be related to the introduction in 2002 of guidelines for planned home births in Stockholm County Council.
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| 4. |
- Sjöblom, Ingela, et al.
(författare)
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A provoking choice-Swedish women's experiences of reactions to their plans to give birth at home
- 2012
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Ingår i: Women and Birth. - Elsevier Science BV. - 1871-5192. ; 25:3, s. E11-E18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The home birth rate in Sweden is less than 1 in 1000, and home birth is not included within the health care system. This study describes women's experiences concerning reactions to their decision to give birth at home. Design and setting: A nationwide survey (SHE - Swedish Homebirth Experience) in Sweden was conducted between 1992 and 2005 whereas 735 women had given birth to 1038 children. Of 1038 questionnaires 1025 were returned. Measurements: In the questionnaires an open-ended question asked women to report their experience of reactions to their decision to give birth at home The question was answered by 594 women, and data were analysed using content analysis. Findings: The analysis yielded one overarching theme; "To be faced with fear for life and death'' including being exposed to reactions about risks. This describes attitudes of professionals and family towards life and death and suggests perceptions of risk and fear of unexpected events. Four main categories were identified; Seen as an irresponsible person, Met with emotional arguments, Exposed to persuasion and Alienation. Conclusion: Women who plan for a home birth were confronted with negative attitudes and persuasion to make them change their mind. This made them feel alienated, and they searched for support among like-minded. Negative attitudes from health care professionals may erode their confidence in conventional health services and turn them towards other options. Implication for practice: Women who want to give birth at home should be given evidence-based information about risks and benefits. Enhanced knowledge among public and professionals about home births would improve the options for respectful encounters. (C) 2011 Australian College of Midwives. Published by Elsevier Australia (a division of Reed International Books Australia Pty Ltd). All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Ström, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Involvement of the CD1d-Natural killer T cell pathway in neointima formation after vascular injury
- 2007
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Ingår i: CIRCULATION RESEARCH. - 0009-7330. ; 101:8, s. 83-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies have established that the immune system plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. However, its role in regulating the arterial response to mechanical injury is less well studied. Arterial injury is associated with local accumulation of antibodies, and mice lacking functional T and B cells exhibit increased neointima formation, indicating that adaptive immune responses to neoantigens in the damaged tissue modulate the vascular repair process. To study the role of lipid antigen presentation in the arterial response to injury, we analyzed neointima formation in mice deficient in the lipid antigen-presenting molecule CD1d using a carotid collar model. As compared with control mice, neointima formation was reduced by >60% (P<0.01) in CD1d(-/-) mice. Moreover, carotid injury of wild-type C57BL/6 mice was associated with expansion of CD1d-restricted natural killer T cells in the spleen and accumulation of natural killer T cells in the periadventitial space of injured arteries. The results suggest that presentation of lipid antigens through the CD1d-natural killer T cell pathway modulates vascular repair responses.
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Maria Eiman, et al.
(författare)
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Nurses' clinical reasoning concerning management of peripheral venous cannulae
- 2009
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING. - 0962-1067. ; 18:23, s. 3366-3375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: The aim was to describe nurses' clinical reasoning regarding peripheral venous cannulae management by focusing on the clinical information and circumstances considered during the decision-making process. BACKGROUND: On every shift nurses make several decisions, among others concerning the management of peripheral venous cannulae. Thrombophlebitis is a common complication associated with its use, although more severe complications can arise. There are clinical practice guidelines within the area, but they are not always adhered to. Previous studies have examined decisions related to the management of peripheral venous cannulae, but did not include observations in a naturalistic setting. DESIGN: A qualitative study combining observations and interviews. METHODS: Participant observation facilitated open interviews about the clinical reasoning behind decision-making in observed situations, as well as semi-structured interviews regarding clinical reasoning about the general management of peripheral venous cannulae. Transcribed interview texts were analysed with content analysis. RESULTS: Three main categories describe clinical information and circumstances: the individual patient situation, the nurse's work situation and experience of peripheral venous cannulae management. The overall theme of the interview texts was that the clinical reasoning was a balancing act between minimising patient discomfort and preventing complications from the peripheral venous cannulae. CONCLUSIONS: At all times the patients' well-being was considered, but the ways the nurses approached this differed depending on how they considered clinical information in the individual patient situation, circumstances in their own work situation and their experience of peripheral venous cannulae management. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Knowledge of the clinical information and circumstances considered in naturalistic settings, is valuable when implementing and adjusting clinical practice guidelines to local settings. This knowledge is also useful in nursing education as student nurses' and nurses' ability to balance between preventing complications and avoiding discomfort is important for enhancing patient care.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Woxenius, Johan, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Utilising more of the loading space in intermodal line trains – measures and decision support
- 2013
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Ingår i: Computers in industry. - 0166-3615. ; 64:2, s. 146-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The focus of this article is to identify, characterise and qualitatively evaluate the existing measures for increasing the utilisation of loading space in intermodal road–rail freight line trains. Normally, these trains operate like intercity passenger trains, because they make short unit load transhipment stops along rail corridors in order to travel comparatively small and short flows. The measures for loading space utilisation include adapting the train’s capacity, changing the departure times, altering the train routes and sending trucks to different terminals as well as replacing rail transport with trucks. Some of the measures require improved information sharing, and executives can strengthen the effect of the measures by adding decision support systems and price incentives to transport buyers.
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| 9. |
- Campbell, Ann-Mari, et al.
(författare)
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Night duty as an opportunity for learning
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - Blackwell Publishing. - 0309-2402. ; 62:3, s. 346-353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim. This paper is a report of a study to examine what opportunities night nurses have to learn in terms of being able to distinguish variations in the patients' conditions.Background. Night nurses often lack access to the formalized in-service training offered to day nurses. As every clinical experience can be seen as an opportunity for learning, learning takes place even at night. However, the learning of night nurses has not been studied previously.Method. This study is based on interviews with a convenience sample of 10 night nurses at a medium-sized Swedish hospital in 2001. These interviews were reanalysed in 2006 concerning learning situations. The interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed verbatim, coded and examined using latent content analysis.Findings. There are certain opportunities for learning during the night shift, and three learning situations come to the fore: (1) the report situation, (2) the personal assessment round, where the nurses form their own picture of the patient, (3) in assessment prior to contact with the doctor on duty. Nurses learn from variations in patients' conditions and when they have to report their experience verbally. Learning does take place at night and gestalt psychology is a helpful tool for understanding how former knowledge and experience affect night nurses' learning.Conclusion. Knowledge developed during the night shift is a neglected field. There is a need for further investigations of what night nurses learn, and this knowledge ought to be integrated in the body of nursing knowledge.
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| 10. |
- Dahlström, Mia, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of polymer surface affinity of novel antifouling agents
- 2004
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Ingår i: Biotechnology and Bioengineering. - 1097-0290. ; 86:1, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a previous study we found two agents, the 2-agonist medetomidine ((±)-4-[1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazole) and the 2-agonist clonidine (2-(2,6-dichloroanilino)-2-imidazoline), that specifically and efficiently impede settlement of the barnacle Balanus improvisus, one of the most serious biofouling organisms in Swedish waters. Medetomidine, but not clonidine, is known to adsorb to solid polystyrene (PS) surfaces in the presence of salt, a feature that is of particular interest in attempts to develop an efficient antifouling surface. We show that medetomidine, but not clonidine, has a significant ability to adsorb to untreated (hydrophobic) PS in two different incubation media: filtered seawater (FSW) and deionized water (mQ). At negatively charged (hydrophilic) PS, medetomidine displays a strong interaction with the surface in both incubation media. At the hydrophilic PS, clonidine also displays a significant interaction with the surface when incubated in mQ and a weaker, but not significant, interaction when incubated in FSW. By studying the effects of time, incubation media, and pH on the adsorption of medetomidine and clonidine, we suggest that medetomidine is associated to hydrophobic PS by means of hydrophobic interactions, while the adsorption of medetomidine and clonidine to hydrophilic PS contains elements of electrostatic interaction. Using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS) we detected only weak signals from medetomidine on the hydrophobic PS surfaces, while strong medetomidine signals were observed on hydrophilic PS. This suggests that the adsorbed medetomidine, to a greater extent, desorbed from the hydrophobic rather than from the hydrophilic PS surfaces during exposure to vacuum. The strong surface affinity of medetomidine on both types of surfaces and the preserved antifouling activity are valuable features in designing a marine coating.
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