| 1. |
- Nystedt, Astrid, et al.
(författare)
-
Epidural analgesia for pain relief in labour and childbirth - a review with a systematic approach.
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - 0962-1067. ; 13:4, s. 455-66
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Clinical ambiguity concerning effects of epidural analgesia for pain relief in labour seems to reflect a need for evidence-based knowledge for midwives. AIMS: This study aimed to review, with a systematic approach, the literature about effects and risks associated with the use of epidural analgesia for pain relief in labour and childbirth. DESIGN: A structured question was formulated and used for deriving search terms, establishing the inclusion of certain criteria and retrieving articles, i.e. what are the effects of epidural analgesia for pain relief in labour and childbirth? References were obtained through searches using MeSH-terms in Medline and Subheadings (SH) in CINAHL (e.g. Obstetrical Analgesia combined either with psychology or adverse effects and together with, Dystocia, Caesarean Section, Infant Newborn and Breastfeeding). The articles were divided into prospective randomized trials (C), non-randomized prospective studies (P) and retrospective studies (R). Scientific quality of the studies was assessed on a three-grade scale: high scientific quality (I), moderate scientific quality (II) or low scientific quality (III). RESULTS: Twenty-four articles were retrieved and systematically assessed. Seven studies were judged as high quality, 15 as moderate quality and two as low quality. The majority of studies appraised in this review failed to obtain or establish a cause and effect relationship. According to the data, it seems clear that the use of epidural analgesia is considered to be an effective method of pain relief during labour and childbirth from the perspective of women giving birth. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Midwives and doctors can recommend this form of pain relief. However, information about possible associations with adverse effects in mothers and infants must be provided to expectant couples.
|
|
| 2. |
- Berg, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
-
Postoperative recovery after different orthopedic day surgical procedures
- 2011
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 1878-1241. ; 15:4, s. 165-175
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Orthopedic day surgery is common. Postoperative recovery may differ according to surgical procedures and personal factors. We studied postoperative recovery up to 2 weeks after different orthopedic day surgical procedures and tried to identify possible predictors associated with recovery. Three-hundred and fifty eight patients who had undergone knee arthroscopy or surgery to the hand/arm, foot/leg or shoulder were included. Data were collected on postoperative days 1, 7 and 14 using the Swedish Post-discharge Surgery Recovery scale, the emotional state, physical comfort and physical independence dimensions in the Quality of Recovery-23 and a general health question. Multiple linear regression was used to explore predictors of recovery. The shoulder patients experienced significantly lower postoperative recovery and general health 1 and 2 weeks after surgery compared to the other patient groups (p < 0.001). Significant predictors of recovery were age, perceived health and emotional status on the first postoperative day and type of surgery. Postoperative recovery after common orthopedic day surgical procedures varies and factors influencing it need to be further explored. The impact of a patient’s emotional state on recovery after day surgery can be of particular interest in this work. Post-discharge planning needs to be tailored to the surgical procedure.
|
|
| 3. |
- Berg, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
-
Psychometric evaluation of the post-discharge surgical recovery scale
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of Evaluation In Clinical Practice. - Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 1356-1294. ; 16:4, s. 794-801
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale, aim and objectives Day surgery patients are discharged after a short period of postoperative surveillance, and reliable and valid instruments for assessment at home are needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a Swedish version of the post-discharge surgical recovery (PSR) scale, an instrument to monitor the patients recovery after day surgery, in terms of data quality, internal consistency, dimensionality and responsiveness. Methods Data were collected on postoperative days 1 and 14 and included 525 patients. Data quality and internal consistency were evaluated using descriptive statistics, correlation analyses and Cronbachs alpha. The dimensionality of the scale was determined through an exploratory factor analysis. Responsiveness was evaluated using the standardized response mean and the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC). The correlation between change score in PSR and change score in self-rated health was assessed using Pearsons correlation coefficient. Patients ability to work and their self-rated health on postoperative day 14 were used as external indicators of change. Results Six items showed floor or ceiling effects. Cronbachs coefficient alpha was 0.90 and the average inter-item correlation coefficient was 0.44 after the deletion of two items. The items were closely related to each other, and a one-factor solution was decided on. A robust ability to detect changes in recovery (standardized response mean = 1.14) was shown. The AUC for the entire scale was 0.60. When initial PSR scores were categorized into three intervals, the ability to detect improved and non-improved patients varied (AUC 0.58-0.81). There was a strong correlation between change scores in PSR and health (0.63). Conclusions The Swedish version of the PSR scale demonstrates acceptable psychometric properties of data quality, internal consistency, dimensionality and responsiveness. In addition to previous findings, these results strengthen the PSR scale as a potential instrument of recovery at home.
|
|
| 4. |
- Petersson, Gunnel H, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparing caries risk factors and risk profiles between children and elderly.
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Swedish dental journal. - 0347-9994. ; 28:3, s. 119-28
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of this study were to compare the caries risk profiles of children and elderly, the actual annual caries increment and the impact of some selected caries related factors. Another aim was to find out if there were gender differences among the participants. The risk profiles were created by a computerised risk assessment program, the Cariogram, which evaluates data and presents the weighted and summarized result as one figure, illustrating the ‘percent chance of avoiding caries’ in the future. Methods: The Cariogram was earlier evaluated in two longitudinal studies for its capacity to assess caries risk. One study comprised about 400 children, 10-11 years of age and the other study included about 150 elderly (age 55, 65 and 75). At baseline, information on past caries experience, diet, oral hygiene and use of fluoride was obtained. Saliva analyses included mutans streptococci and lactobacilli, buffering capacity and secretion rate. The caries risk was assessed and the participants were divided into five groups according to the calculated Cariogram risk profiles. After two and five years, respectively, caries was re-evaluated and the incidence was compared with the predictions. Results: The Cariogram risk predictions were statistically in agreement with the actual caries increment. Fifty percent of the children, but only two percent of the elderly appeared in the lowest caries risk group. Of the elderly, 26.4% belonged to the highest caries risk group versus 3.1% of the children. The median value ‘chance of avoiding caries’ was 44% for the elderly and 80% for the children. The main Cariogram sectors contributing to the observed higher caries risk among elderly was the bacterial components in combination with higher susceptibility. Individual factors contributing significantly to the higher risk profiles for the adults compared to the children were higher plaque scores, higher counts of mutans streptococci and lower buffering capacity. Conclusion: comparing the risk profiles of the children and the elderly showed that the elderly were at a higher risk developing caries lesions. Overall one may say that the risk for caries, as assessed by the Cariogram, was twice as high for the elderly.
|
|
| 5. |
- Svedberg, Petra, et al.
(författare)
-
Psychometric evaluation of a Swedish version of Krantz Health Opinion Survey
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Open Journal of Nursing ( OJN). - 2162-5336, 2162-5344. ; 2:3, s. 181-187
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psy- chometric properties of a Swedish version of The Krantz Health Opinion Survey (KHOS). A conven- ience sample of 79 persons (47 men and 32 women) was recruited from The Heart and Lung Patients’ National Association at ten local meeting places in different areas in Sweden. The questionnaire was examined for face and content validity, internal con-sistency and test-retest reliability. The findings showed that the Swedish version of KHOS is accept- able in terms of face and content validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability over time among 79 individuals >65 years of age and with a cardiac disease. In conclusion, wider evaluations of the psy- chometric use of KHOS for other populations and settings are recommended.
|
|
| 6. |
- Markström, Urban, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
-
Attitudes towards mental illness among health care students at Swedish universities : a follow-up study after completed clinical placement
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Nurse Education Today. - Elsevier Sciencedirect. - 0260-6917. ; 29:6, s. 660-665
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to examine the changes in attitudes towards mental illness after theorethical education and clinical placement among students from university programmes preparing for different kinds of health professions. Three different questionnaries were used, measuring the level of familaritiy with mental illness and attitudes towards mental illness in general and toward specific mental illnesses. The data were collected on two occasions, before the theorethical course and after the completed clinical placement. The result showed that the attitudes toward mental illnes in general had changed in a less stigmatising direction after the clinical placement. On the other hand, attitudes toward specific illnesses did not show any major changes.
|
|
| 7. |
- Nystedt, Astrid, et al.
(författare)
-
Low psychosocial resources during early pregnancy are not associated with prolonged labour.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. - 0301-2115. ; 125:1, s. 29-33
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To examine if a low level of psychosocial resources in early pregnancy is associated with the occurrence of prolonged labour. STUDY DESIGN: A cross sectional study of 644 women expecting their first child. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire at their first antenatal visit, measuring psychosocial resources defined as social network and support, work-related psychosocial factors, control of daily life and health characteristics. Outcome was prolonged labour at the end of the pregnancy. RESULTS: A low level of psychosocial resources was not associated with prolonged labour. The majority of women reported that the degree of support was high in early pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: A perceived low level of psychosocial resources in early pregnancy did not increase the risk of prolonged labour at the subsequent delivery.
|
|
| 8. |
- Öresland, Stina, et al.
(författare)
-
Patients as 'safeguard' and nurses as 'substitute' in home health care
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Nursing Ethics. - Sage Publications. - 0969-7330. ; 16:2, s. 219-230
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One aim of this study was to explore the role, or subject position, patients take in the care they receive from nurses in their own home. Another was to examine the subject position that patients say the nurses take when giving care to them in their own home. Ten interviews were analysed and interpreted according to a discourse analytical method. The findings show that patients constructed their subject position as 'safeguard', and the nurses' subject position as 'substitute' for themselves. These subject positions provided the opportunities, and the obstacles, for the patients' possibilities to receive care in their home. The subject positions described have ethical repercussions and illuminate that the patients put great demands on tailored care.
|
|
| 9. |
- Svensson, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
-
Test - retest reliability of two instruments for measuring public attitudes towards persons with mental illness.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: BMC psychiatry. - 1471-244X. ; 11, s. 11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Research has identified stigmatization as a major threat to successful treatment of individuals with mental illness. As a consequence several anti-stigma campaigns have been carried out. The results have been discouraging and the field suffers from lack of evidence about interventions that work. There are few reports on psychometric data for instruments used to assess stigma, which thus complicates research efforts. The aim of the present study was to investigate test-retest reliability of the Swedish versions of the questionnaires: FABI and "Changing Minds" and to examine the internal consistency of the two instruments.METHOD: Two instruments, fear and behavioural intentions (FABI) and "Changing Minds", used in earlier studies on public attitudes towards persons with mental illness were translated into Swedish and completed by 51 nursing students on two occasions, with an interval of three weeks. Test-retest reliability was calculated by using weighted kappa coefficient and internal consistency using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient.RESULTS: Both instruments attain at best moderate test-retest reliability. For the Changing Minds questionnaire almost one fifth (17.9%) of the items present poor test-retest reliability and the alpha coefficient for the subscales ranges between 0.19 - 0.46. All of the items in the FABI reach a fair or a moderate agreement between the test and retest, and the questionnaire displays a high internal consistency, alpha 0.80.CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for development of psychometrically tested instruments within this field of research.
|
|
| 10. |
- Gyllensten, A, et al.
(författare)
-
Attitudes in healthcare students towards mental illness
- 2011
-
Ingår i: The Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences & Practice. - Nova Southeastern University. - 1540-580X. ; 9:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of naturalistic educational interventions on attitudes towards persons with mental illness. Methods: In a pre-post test design, 456 students in vocational University programmes to become nurses, social workers, occupational therapists, physiotherapists, psychologists, and public health workers were studied after a course in mental illness, using questionnaires focusing on familiarity with mental illness and attitudes towards the mentally ill in general and towards schizophrenia in particular. Results: The results revealed a significant improvement for the total group in their being afraid of people with mental illness in general and being more positive towards having mentally ill people living in their neighbourhood. Differences between the student groups were found. Some educational features positively influencing stigmatizing attitudes were identified. Conclusion: Education has some effect on attitudes towards patients with mental illness, mostly on fear. To understand the effective educational ingredients for change, further research is needed.
|
|
