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- Makko, Aryo, 1979-
(författare)
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I Imperialismens kölvatten? Ett maritimt perspektiv på stormaktsspelet, kolonialism utan kolonier och den svensk-norska konsulsstaten, 1875–1905 : [A maritime perspective on great power politics, imperialism without colonies and Swedish-Norwegian consulship, 1875-1905]
- 2014
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Ingår i: Historisk Tidskrift. - 0345-469X .- 2002-4827. ; 134:3, s. 499-523
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A maritime perspective on great power politics, imperialism without colonies and Swedish-Norwegian consulship, 1875–1905This article investigates the Swedish-Norwegian consular establishment during the age of empires in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. It presents preliminary results from an on-going research project, which explores consular archives previously overlooked. The article’s main purpose is to offer a fresh perspective on the relevance of shipping and the role of consuls in the foreign policy of the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway. It departs chronologically and thematically from the so-called Concert of Europe in 1815 and the subsequent expansion of European imperialism in the mid-19th century, and theoretically from theories of informal empire and free trade imperialism. Sweden-Norway could not keep up with the military build-up of the great powers, such as Great Britain, France, Germany and Russia. At the same time, the Nordic union had one of the world’s largest merchant fleets at its command. A growing number of consulates all over the world allowed Swedish and Norwegian manufacturers and merchants a presence that enabled them to participate in and profit from the globalizing economy. At its peak, the small Nordic state commanded over 100 consulates with more than 800 increasingly professional and legally trained consular staff. With growing significance came greater prestige and an increasingly intimate relationship between the diplomatic corps and the consular service. This article suggests that the military superiority of the great powers forced small states such as Sweden-Norway to respond by developing and employing global trade strategies and making them an integral part of their foreign policy.
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| 2. |
- Makko, Aryo, 1979-
(författare)
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Advocates of Realpolitik : Sweden, Europe and the Helsinki Final Act
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sweden is traditionally portrayed as an active critic and mediator or bridge builder in international politics during the 1960s and 1970s. The activation of Swedish foreign policy, often ascribed to Prime Minister Olof Palme, has been lauded as a transformation from armed isolationism to internationalist solidarity. In this regard, the traditional literature has focused almost exclusively on global affairs whereas the role of European security has been widely ignored. This thesis analyzes Sweden’s role in the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) and the country’s contribution to the political and diplomatic process leading to the Helsinki Final Act of 1975. It argues that Sweden’s foreign policy in the European realm must be integrated in the narrative about Cold War Sweden and its role in international politics during the era of détente. It demonstrates that in the European realm, at the heart of the Cold War division, realpolitik thinking prevented Sweden from solidarity with the citizens of Eastern Europe. Sweden reacted reluctantly on the idea of a conference, remained passive during the preparatory phase and never prioritized human rights in Eastern Europe at the conference proper. The reason for this attitude was a general Berührungsangst (fear of contact) towards Europe among Swedish decision-makers. In the thesis, the paradox between Sweden’s approach to European and global affairs is linked to a specific foreign policy identity and explained within an analytical framework based on role theory. With this, the thesis adds important nuances to the existing account of Sweden and Swedish neutrality policy during the Cold War.
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| 4. |
- Makko, Aryo, 1979-
(författare)
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Anden, själen, kroppen : Ett historiskt perspektiv på healing bland Sveriges assyrier
- 2014
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Ingår i: Helig hälsa. - Stockholm : Dialogos Förlag. - 9789175042671 ; , s. 39-50
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Södertälje, år 1992. En nyhet når hela Europa. Bland annat italienska, tyska och engelska massmedier rapporter om den 16 åriga tjejen Samira Hannoch som hade fått syn på ett maronitiskt helgon och även den högsta herre, Jesus Kristus. Tonåringen fick efter sin vision förmågan att hela svårt sjuka med hjälp av olja som rann ur hennes händer. Uppemot 45 000 människor ska ha begett sig på välfärd till en lägenhet i Blombacka samt Mor Afrem kyrkan.Texten inleds men en koncis historisk tillbakablick över den orientaliska kristendomens och den syrisk-ortodoxa kyrkans historia. Inledningen är både historik och en kartläggning av specifika traditioner och trosbekännelser som är specifika för denna religiösa grupp och som utgjorde grunden för den enorma effekten denna episod fick. Frågorna som besvaras i texten är hur och varför Samira lyckades vinna människornas förtroende och även åstadkomma en placebo effekt hos ett antal sjuka personer. Den vill också kontrastera mellan gamla traditioners relation till ett modernt och sekulärt samhälle som det svenska genom att avhandla olika teman som Samiras påstådda hälsofrämjande teknik, den offentliga diskussionen kring hennes frånvaro från skolan och den interna kritiken mot henne som speglade en pågående konflikt mellan traditionella och progressiva fraktioner inom den assyriska folkgruppen.
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| 5. |
- Makko, Aryo, 1979-
(författare)
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Arbitrator in a World of Wars : The League of Nations and the Mosul Dispute, 1924-1925
- 2010
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Ingår i: Diplomacy & Statecraft. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0959-2296 .- 1557-301X. ; 21:4, s. 631-649
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The League of Nations is primarily remembered for its failures in the 1930s. Indeed, the established perception of its history usually emphasizes weaknesses. Failing to settle the question of which Power should possess the former Ottoman province of Mosul after the First World War, Turkey saw the dispute addressed to the League in summer 1924. Within a short time, a multi-leveled negotiation process that involved a large number of politicians, diplomats, and lawyers was put in motion. Sixteen months and many crises later, the League Council awarded the entire Mosul province to Iraq. The arbitration had been based upon data collected by two enquiry commissions comprising representatives from eight different Powers, the work of both numerous mediators, and a Council sub-committee. Though certainly not perfect, the League's role averted war and renewed disaster.
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| 9. |
- Makko, Aryo, 1979-
(författare)
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Diplomati
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Makko, Aryo, 1979-
(författare)
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Discourse, Identity and Politics : A Transnational Approach to Assyrian Identity in the Twentieth Century
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Assyrian Heritage. - Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. - 9789155483036 ; , s. 297-317
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Since the late nineteenth century, secular thoughts have repeatedly resulted in the formation of an Assyrian national identity among oriental Christian groups referred to as "Chaldeans", "Jacobites" and "Nestorians" in the Ottoman and Persian Empires. Despite the fact that some groups or individuals referred to themselves as descendants of the ancient Assyrians prior to the aforementioned arrival of European-styled Nationalist thinking, the majority identified themselves with the emic term suryoye/suryaye (generally translated as "Syrians") only and held no memory of ancient descent.This article seeks to explore how Assyrian identity construction with its central discourse on ethnic continuity has interplayed with socio-cultural processes and political events and changed over time. It address key factors such as World War I and the Assyrian Genocide, the restructuring of the Middle East during the interwar period, migration and life in Diaspora, secularization and state-supported policies of majority identities. The early period (1895-1960) and first Diaspora in the United States is contrasted with latter developments and the second Diaspora including Sweden and the German-speaking countries in addition to the United States from the 1960s until the present day. Focus is laid on the formation and spread of alternative "national" identities under different historical labels. Ideas of ancient heritage and particularly the belief in ethnic continuity were imitated by internal and external agents of new identities which shared one common feature: denying Assyrian heritage of any kind.The study argues that agents of Assyrian identity have been force to uphold the discourse on cultural, lingual and ethnic continuity as a central feature of their identity doctrine until the present day mainly due to being contested by rivalling concepts and their use of the well-established myth about the complete destruction of the Assyrians in 612 BC.
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