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| 2. |
- Tammaru, Tiit, et al.
(författare)
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Learning through contact? : The effects on earnings of immigrant exposure to native population
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Factors influencing immigrant labour market outcomes have received increased scholarly atten- tion lately. A recent research focus has been the effects of residential setting on labour market outcomes. This study brings a new dimension to this emerging body of research, introducing the role played by workplace composition, in addition to place of residence, in immigrant earnings. Based on Swedish longitudinal register data, OLS regression is used to examine effects of previous exposure to natives on earnings in three immigrant cohorts (1990, 1995 and 2000) five years after arrival. Besides controlling for individual characteristics and various labour market attributes, a two-step Heckman correction procedure is applied to take into account the selectivity of entering the Swedish labour market. The main finding of the study is that exposure to the native population at the workplace is more important than residential exposure for predicting immigrant earnings.
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| 3. |
- Borrie, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of stressful events during childhood on adult labour market outcome
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper examines if stressful events during childhood impact the labour market position in adulthood within the Swedish 1973 birth cohort. Empirical analyses are based on individual, longitudinal register data from the ASTRID database covering the total Swedish population between 1960-2008. We will analyze the different ways in which three specific events; parental separation, death of parent(s) and/or frequent migration, affect labour market outcome in an OLS-regression, controlling for family background characteristics. These events can occur in isola- tion or they can be interrelated. It is of importance to examine the effect of one single event as well as the accumulated effect of several events. The 1973 cohort makes an interesting case, since they both have experienced change in the nuclear family system during their childhood, and a period of recession and youth unemployment as well as cutbacks in social policy programmes during their age of labour market entrance. Our study thus focuses on how stressful events in childhood affect children’s life courses in turbulent times.
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| 6. |
- Eriksson, Rikard, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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What about people in evolutionary economic geography?
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent years an increasing interest has been directed towards evolutionary processes of economic change following the notion that history matters for future development. These studies put special emphasis on how the spatial structures of the economy emerge from the micro-behaviours of economic agents (often firms). It this paper we argue that while such an approach indeed may provide new and novel insights on the uneven process of economic change, one important aspect of the economy tend to be neglected, namely the spatial behavior and restrictions of people. In this paper, we therefore outline the ideas to a theoretical framework which more thorough integrates evolutionary economic geography with the time-geographical contribution provided by Torsten Hägerstrand and his adherents in order to provide a synthesis between the interdependent dynamic processes occurring in and between place-specific institutions, firms and people. The paper is structured as followed: First, a critical appraisal of recent evolutionary contributions is presented. This is followed by a discussion on the developments made in time-geography the last couple of decades. The paper ends with a concluding section and an empirical example showing that modern micro-simulation techniques may provide useful insights to the evolutionary processes shaping economic change. The empirical example is framed in recent studies analyzing knowledge flows via the job mobility of skilled individuals within and between local labour markets in Sweden.
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- Lindgren, Urban, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Cluster mobility : Impacts of inter-firm labour mobility on firm performance
- 2007
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The ability for firms and regions to use and generate knowledge is a crucial factor for competitiveness. In an increasing number of studies on cluster dynamics it is assumed that firms in localised clusters are particularly competitive because the concentration of similar and related firms both facilitates knowledge exchange and the generation of new knowledge. One of the fundamental traits of clusters is their systemic characteristics, where firms are related to each other in different ways. In this paper we suggest a cluster definition based on individuals’ job moves between workplaces within local labour markets. The mapping of mobility clusters is made possible by the access to comprehensive longitudinal micro data on socioeconomic characteristics of individuals and their affiliation to firms and workplaces. When controlling for various factors attributed to the workplace and the region it is found that workplaces associated to mobility clusters have significantly better firm performance measured as summed value added and wage sums for workplaces. These estimates seem to be robust for different model specifications. The results of the analyses suggest that knowledge diffusion via job mobility could be an important factor for improved local labour market dynamism and regional development.
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| 8. |
- Marcinczak, Szymon, et al.
(författare)
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Change or continuity? : Evolution of residential and workplace segregation in the Stockholm metropolitan region
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The origins of immigrants coming to Sweden as well as their lifestyles and labour market skills have changed substantially since the early 1990s. The last decades have also resulted in a gradual transition of the Swedish economy from industrial to more service oriented (activities relatedto ‘the new economy’). These two processes inevitably contributed to the pace of segregation in major urban regions of Sweden, regions that have been at the forefront of economic change and that have remained the main destination of many immigrants. So far, the majority of studies on segregation in Sweden have been limited to research the residential dimension only. Yet, it should be emphasised that cities contain clusters of jobs and people and that these clusters together form the socio-economic fabric of urban regions. This paper thus adopts a dynamic approach to exa- mine the evolution of residential and workplace segregation in the ethnically diverse Stockholm Metropolitan Region. Referring to the recent advancements in segregation studies we define the phenomenon of segregation as both process and pattern, and scrutinize them respectively.
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