| 1. |
- Arbyn, Marc, et al.
(författare)
-
Triage of women with equivocal or low-grade cervical cytology results: a meta-analysis of the HPV test positivity rate
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1582-1838 .- 1582-4934. ; 13:4, s. 648-659
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Methods Results Discussion Conclusion Consistent evidence underlines the utility of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing in the management of women with equivocal cervical cytological abnormalities, but not in case of low-grade lesions. We performed a meta-analysis including studies where the high-risk probe of the Hybrid Capture-II is used to triage these two cytological categories. The triage test-positivity rate reflects the colposcopy referral workload.Data were pooled on the HPV test positivity rate in women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS/ASC-US) or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), derived from different cytological classification systems. The meta-analysis was restricted to studies, published between 1991 and 2007. A random-effect model was applied for meta-analytical pooling and the influence of covariates on the HPV positivity rate was analyzed by meta-regression. The variation by age was assessed within individual studies since age strata were not defined uniformly. On an average, 43% (95% CI: 40-46%) of women with ASCUS/ASC-US were high-risk HPV positive (range 23-74%). In women with LSIL, the pooled positivity rate was 76% (95% CI: 71-81%; range 55-89%). In spite of considerable inter-study heterogeneity, the difference in HPV positivity between the two triage groups was large and highly significant: 32% (95% CI: 27-38%). HPV rates dropped tremendously as age and cutoffs of test positivity increased. Other factors (cytological classification system, country, continent, collection method and year of publication) had no statistically significant impact, except in LSIL triage where HPV positivity was significantly lower in European compared to American studies. Women with LSIL, especially younger women, have high HPV positivity rates suggesting limited utility of reflex HPV triaging these cases. Research is needed to identify more specific methods to triage women with low-grade squamous cervical lesions.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bleeker, M. C. G., et al.
(författare)
-
Penile cancer: epidemiology, pathogenesis and prevention
- 2009
-
Ingår i: World Journal of Urology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-8726 .- 0724-4983. ; 27:2, s. 141-150
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Penile cancer is a disease with a high morbidity and mortality. Its prevalence is relatively rare, but the highest in some developing countries. Insight into its precursor lesions, pathogenesis and risk factors offers options to prevent this potentially mutilating disease. This review presents an overview of the different histologically and clinically identified precursor lesions of penile cancer and discusses the molecular pathogenesis, including the role of HPV in penile cancer development. A systematic review of the literature evaluating penile carcinogenesis, risk factors and molecular mechanisms involved. Careful monitoring of men with lichen sclerosis, genital Bowen's disease, erythroplasia of Queyrat and bowenoid papulosis seems useful, thereby offering early recognition of penile cancer and, subsequently, conservative therapeutic options. Special attention is given to flat penile lesions, which contain high numbers of HPV. Their role in HPV transmission to sexual partners is highlighted, but their potential to transform as a precursor lesion into penile cancer has been unsatisfactorily explored. Further research should not only focus on HPV mediated pathogenic pathways but also on the non-HPV related molecular and genetic factors that play a role in penile cancer development. Options for prevention of penile cancer include (neonatal) circumcision, limitation of penile HPV infections (either by prophylactic vaccination or condom use), prevention of phimosis, treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions, limiting PUVA treatment, smoking cessation and hygienic measures.
|
|
| 3. |
- Brown, Darron R., et al.
(författare)
-
The Impact of Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus (HPV; Types 6, 11, 16, and 18) L1 Virus-Like Particle Vaccine on Infection and Disease Due to Oncogenic Nonvaccine HPV Types in Generally HPV-Naive Women Aged 16-26 Years
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal Of Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-1899 .- 1537-6613. ; 199:7, s. 926-935
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Human papillomavirus (HPV)-6/11/16/18 vaccine reduces the risk of HPV-6/11/16/18-related cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1-3 or adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS). Here, its impact on CIN1-3/AIS associated with nonvaccine oncogenic HPV types was evaluated. Methods. We enrolled 17,622 women aged 16-26 years. All underwent cervicovaginal sampling and Pap testing at regular intervals for up to 4 years. HPV genotying was performed for biopsy samples, and histological diagnoses were determined by a pathology panel. Analyses were conducted among subjects who were negative for 14 HPV types on day 1. Prespecified analyses included infection of >= 6 months' duration and CIN1-3/AIS due to the 2 and 5 most common HPV types in cervical cancer after HPV types 16 and 18, as well as all tested nonvaccine types. Results. Vaccination reduced the incidence of HPV-31/45 infection by 40.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.9% to 59.0%) and of CIN1-3/AIS by 43.6% (95% CI, 12.9% to 64.1%), respectively. The reduction in HPV-31/33/45/52/58 infection and CIN1-3/AIS was 25.0% (95% CI, 5.0% to 40.9%) and 29.2% (95% CI, 8.3% to 45.5%), respectively. Efficacy for CIN2-3/AIS associated with the 10 nonvaccine HPV types was 32.5% (95% CI, 6.0% to 51.9%). Reductions were most notable for HPV-31. Conclusions. HPV-6/11/16/18 vaccine reduced the risk of CIN2-3/AIS associated with nonvaccine types responsible for similar to 20% of cervical cancers. The clinical benefit of cross-protection is not expected to be fully additive to the efficacy already observed against HPV-6/11/16/18-related disease, because women may have >1 CIN lesion, each associated with a different HPV type.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Dickson, Nigel P., et al.
(författare)
-
Male Circumcision and Serologically Determined Human Papillomavirus Infection in a Birth Cohort
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention. - 1538-7755. ; 18:1, s. 177-183
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Circumcision has been reported to protect against infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) in men, but results have been inconsistent. We followed males in a birth cohort born in Dunedin, New Zealand, in 1972 and 1973 from age 3 to 32 years. Seropositivity at age 32 years for the oncogenic types HPV-16 and 18, and the nononcogenic types 6 and 11, was studied in relation to maternal reports of circumcision status at age 3 for 450 men. Seropositivity to any of these types was associated with lifetime number of sexual partners (P = 0.03), and lower moral-religious emphasis of the family of origin (P < 0.001). Circumcision was not found to be protective, with the adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for HPV6/11/16/18 seropositivity among the circumcised compared with the uncircumcised being 1.4 (0.89-2.2).
|
|
| 6. |
- Ekström, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Staphylococcus aureus and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention. - 1538-7755. ; 18:2, s. 472-478
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin is a tumor with greatly increased incidence among immunosuppressed patients; therefore, an infectious cause of SCC has long been sought. We performed a hospital-based case-control study of Staphylococcus aureus and biopsies of SCC (n = 82), basal cell carcinoma (n = 142), actinic keratosis (n = 57), and seborrhoeic keratosis (n = 72) in comparison with biopsies from healthy skin of these 353 immunocompetent patients. In a S. aureus-specific PCR, targeting the nuc gene, presence of S. aureus DNA was strongly associated with SCC (29.3% positive specimens; adjusted odds ratio, 6.23; 95% confidence interval, 3.10-12.53) compared with healthy skin (5.7% positive specimens). There was also a tendency for association of S. aureus with actinic keratosis, but no association was found for basal cell carcinoma or seborrhoeic keratosis. Analysis using cotton swab samples taken on top of the lesions and from healthy skin gave similar results (adjusted odds ratio for SCC compared with healthy skin, 2.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.47-4.83). In conclusion, there is a strong association between SCC and presence of S. aureus. The study design used cannot determine whether the association implies that presence of S. aureus might influence carcinogenesis or whether it may imply that SCC has an increased susceptibility to S. aureus colonization. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(2):OF1-7).
|
|
| 7. |
- Franceschi, Silvia, et al.
(författare)
-
EUROGIN 2008 roadmap on cervical cancer prevention
- 2009
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 125:10, s. 2246-2255
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The EUROGIN 2008 Roadmap represents a continuing effort to provide updated information on primary and secondary prevention of cervical cancer. The report addresses several areas including the progress made toward global implementation of currently licensed human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, the possibilities and value of future-generation HPV vaccines. endpoints under consideration for evaluation of candidate HPV vaccines, and monitoring impact of HPV vaccination programmes that can be implemented within developed and less-developed countries. For the sake of completeness, a short update on the evolution of HPV testing in primary screening programmes at present and after HPV vaccine introduction has also been included. The report is available on the EUROGIN website (www.eurogin.com). (C) 2009 UICC
|
|
| 8. |
- Holl, Katsiaryna, et al.
(författare)
-
Endogenous steroid hormone levels in early pregnancy and risk of testicular cancer in the offspring: A nested case-referent study
- 2009
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 124:12, s. 2923-2928
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to the leading hypothesis on testicular cancer (TC) etiology exposure to a specific pattern of steroid hormones in utero, in particular, to high levels of estrogens and low levels of androgens is the major determinant of TC risk in the offspring. We performed a case-referent study nested within Finnish, Swedish and Icelandic maternity cohorts exploiting early pregnancy serum samples to evaluate the role of maternal endogenous steroid hormones with regard to the risk of TC. TC cases and referents were aged between 0 and 25 years. For each case-index mother pair, three or four matched referent-referent mother pairs Were identified using national population registries. First trimester or early second trimester sera were retrieved from the index mothers of 73 TC cases and 286 matched referent mothers, and were tested for dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), androstenedione, testosterone, estradiol, estrone, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG,). Offspring of mothers with high DHEAS levels had a significantly decreased risk of TC (OR for highest vs. lowest DHEAS quartile, 0.18 (95% CI 0.06-0.58). In contrast, offspring of mothers With high androstenedione levels had ail increased risk of TC (OR 4.1; 95% CI 1.2-12.0). High maternal total estradiol level also tended to be associated with an increased risk of TC in the offspring (OR 32; 95% CI 0.98-1,090). We report the first direct evidence that interplay or maternal steroid hormones in the early pregnancy is important in the etiology of TC in the offspring. (C) 2009 UICC
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Kapeu, Aline Simen, et al.
(författare)
-
Is Smoking an Independent Risk Factor for Invasive Cervical Cancer? A Nested Case-Control Study Within Nordic Biobanks
- 2009
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - Baltimore, Md. : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 169:4, s. 480-488
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The strong correlation between smoking and exposure to oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs) has made it difficult to verify the independent role of smoking in cervical carcinogenesis. Thus, the authors evaluated this role. Five large Nordic serum banks containing samples from more than 1,000,000 subjects were linked with nationwide cancer registries (1973-2003). Serum samples were retrieved from 588 women who developed invasive cervical cancer and 2,861 matched controls. The samples were analyzed for cotinine (a biomarker of tobacco exposure) and antibodies to HPV types 16 and 18, herpes simplex virus type 2, and Chlamydia trachomatis. Smoking was associated with the risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) among HPV16- and/or HPV18-seropositive heavy smokers (odds ratio = 2.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.7, 4.3). A similar risk of SCC (odds ratio = 3.2, 95% confidence interval: 2.6, 4.0) was found in heavy smokers after adjustment for HPV16/18 antibodies. The point estimates increased with increasing age at diagnosis and increasing cotinine level. This study confirms that smoking is an independent risk factor for cervical cancer/SCC in women infected with oncogenic HPVs. These findings emphasize the importance of cervical cancer prevention among women exposed to tobacco smoke.
|
|
