| 1. |
- Wagner, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Knowing Me, Knowing You - How Personality Traits Shape Invention Output
- 2023
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Ingår i: Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings. - New York : Academy of Management. - 2151-6561 .- 0065-0668.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Literature on knowledge recombination has largely focused on inventors’ access to knowledge components to be recombined as a key determinant of their inventive performance. Research from psychology has shown that openness and extraversion, two personality traits, increase performance in tasks akin to knowledge recombination. We investigate how personality traits shape invention outcomes conditional on organizational knowledge context. We derive personality measures from a survey of 1,327 inventors and combine them with patent-based indicators of inventive performance. Our findings reveal how the relationship between personality and inventive output is moderated by knowledge context: the positive relationship between openness and invention output is stronger if organizational knowledge diversity is low. In contrast, extraversion negatively relates to invention output, but its effect is positively moderated by knowledge diversity.
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| 2. |
- Ottemo, Andreas, 1979
(författare)
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From domination to emancipation and freedom: Reading Ernesto Laclau’s post-Marxism in conjunction with Philip Pettit’s neo-republicanism: A reply to Gulshan Khan
- 2022
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Ingår i: Reflections on post-Marxism: Laclau and Mouffe's project of radical democracy in the 21st century. - Bristol : Bristol University Press. - 9781529221855 ; , s. 151-155
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In her article, Gulshan Khan highlights some particularities in Laclau's theorising of domination, emancipation and freedom, through contrasting Laclau's work with the neo-republican political theorist Philip Pettit. Pettit is largely positioned as a theorist of 'what is', while Laclau is acknowledged for theorising the conditions for more revolutionary change. In the reply, it is argued that this difference can be understood in terms of the distinction between 'politics' and 'the political'. While Khan suggests that Pettit's work can complement Laclau's in having more to say about concrete 'politics', this reply suggests that this lack has also been fruitfully addressed by scholars closer to Laclau within the Essex School. A discussion of theoretical and methodological implications of engaging with this work in relation to the themes discussed by Khan concludes the response.
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| 3. |
- Otten, Julia, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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A heterogeneous response of liver and skeletal muscle fat to the combination of a Paleolithic diet and exercise in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes : a randomised controlled trial
- 2018
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 61:7, s. 1548-1559
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/hypothesis: The aim of the study was to investigate ectopic fat deposition and insulin sensitivity, in a parallel single-blinded randomised controlled trial, comparing Paleolithic diet alone with the combination of Paleolithic diet and exercise in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Thirty-two individuals with type 2 diabetes with BMI 25-40 kg/m(2) and 30-70 years of age followed a Paleolithic diet ad libitum for 12 weeks. In addition, study participants were randomised by computer program to either supervised combined exercise training (PD-EX group) or standard care exercise recommendations (PD group). Staff performing examinations and assessing outcomes were blinded to group assignment. Thirteen participants were analysed in each group: hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity were measured using the hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp technique combined with [6,6-H-2(2)]glucose infusion, and liver fat was assessed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy; both analyses were secondary endpoints. Intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content was measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a secondary analysis. All examinations were performed at Umca University Hospital, Umca, Sweden. Results: Both study groups showed a median body weight loss of 7 kg. Fat mass decreased by 5.7 kg in the PD group and by 6.5 kg in the PD-EX group. Maximum oxygen uptake increased in the PD-EX group only. Liver fat showed a consistent reduction (74% decrease) in the PD group, while the response in the PD-EX group was heterogeneous (p < 0.05 for the difference between groups). IMCL content of the soleus muscle decreased by 40% in the PD group and by 22% in the PD-EX group (p < 0.05 for the difference between groups). Both groups improved their peripheral and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity, but not their hepatic insulin sensitivity. Plasma fetuin-A decreased by 11% in the PD group (p < 0.05) and remained unchanged in the PD-EX group. Liver fat changes during the intervention were correlated with changes in fetuin-A (r(S) = 0.63, p < 0.01). Participants did not report any important adverse events caused by the intervention. Conclusions/interpretation: A Paleolithic diet reduced liver fat and IMCL content, while there was a tissue-specific heterogeneous response to added exercise training.
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| 4. |
- Vestman, Roine
(författare)
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Limited Stock Market Participation Among Renters and Homeowners
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Review of financial studies. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0893-9454 .- 1465-7368. ; 32:4, s. 1494-1535
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The stock market participation rate among homeowners is twice as high as among renters. This paper builds a life-cycle portfolio choice model with endogenous housing tenure choice. A stylized form of preference heterogeneity generates a substantial difference in participation rates. A majority of households have a large savings motive and choose to be homeowners and participate. A minority of households have a small savings motive and find it less worthwhile to participate. Fewer of these households become homeowners. Difference-in-difference regressions on panel data do not find evidence of a crowding-out effect of homeownership on participation, supporting the message that preference heterogeneity matters.
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| 5. |
- Vestøl, Olav, et al.
(författare)
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NKG2016LU: a new land uplift model for Fennoscandia and the Baltic Region
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Geodesy. - : Springer. - 0949-7714 .- 1432-1394. ; 93:9, s. 1759-1779
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the official land uplift model NKG2016LU of the Nordic Commission of Geodesy (NKG) for northern Europe. The model was released in 2016 and covers an area from 49° to 75° latitude and 0° to 50° longitude. It shows a maximum absolute uplift of 10.3 mm/a near the city of Umeå in northern Sweden and a zero-line that follows the shores of Germany and Poland. The model replaces the NKG2005LU model from 2005. Since then, we have collected more data in the core areas of NKG2005LU, specifically in Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Finland, and included observations from the Baltic countries as well. Additionally, we have derived an underlying geophysical glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) model within NKG as an integrated part of the NKG2016LU project. A major challenge is to estimate a realistic uncertainty grid for the model. We show how the errors in the observations and the underlying GIA model propagate through the calculations to the final uplift model. We find a standard error better than 0.25 mm/a for most of the area covered by precise levelling or uplift rates from Continuously Operating Reference Stations and up to 0.7 mm/a outside this area. As a check, we show that two different methods give approximately the same uncertainty estimates. We also estimate changes in the geoid and derive an alternative uplift model referring to this rising geoid. Using this latter model, the maximum uplift in Umeå reduces from 10.3 to 9.6 mm/a and with a similar reduction ratio elsewhere. When we compare this new NKG2016LU with the former NKG2005LU, we find the largest differences where the GIA model has the strongest influence, i.e. outside the area of geodetic observation. Here, the new model gives from − 3 to 4 mm/a larger values. Within the observation area, similar differences reach − 1.5 mm/a at the northernmost part of Norway and − 1.0 mm/a at the north-western coast of Denmark, but generally within the range of − 0.5 to 0.5 mm/a.
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| 8. |
- Astaras, Christos, et al.
(författare)
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Acoustic Monitoring Confirms Significant Poaching Pressure of European Turtle Doves (Streptopelia turtur) during Spring Migration across the Ionian Islands, Greece
- 2023
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Ingår i: Animals. - : MDPI. - 2076-2615. ; 13:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simple Summary The European turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur) is a migratory species that overwinters in sub-Saharan Africa, migrating to Europe each spring to breed. Over the past four decades, turtle dove populations have declined by as much as 79%, making the species vulnerable to extinction. A major threat to the species is illegal killing (poaching) during its spring migration through the Mediterranean coasts of Europe. According to the international action plan for the conservation of the species, eradicating this threat is key for reversing the European turtle dove population declines by 2028. In this study, we used a network of acoustic sensors to record the gun hunting pressure at known hunting sites in the Ionian Islands, Greece-a known poaching hot-spot-over four spring migrations (2019-2022). Based on the number of gunshots recorded, we estimate that up to 57,095 turtle doves were killed or injured across the region in 2021. We anticipate that these findings will generate the resolve needed among responsible authorities to eradicate the spring migration in the Ionian Islands, and propose the roll out acoustic monitoring grids in additional poaching hot-spots along the migration routes of the turtle dove. The European turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur) is an Afro-Palearctic migrant whose populations have declined by 79% from 1980 to 2014. In 2018, the International Single Species Action Plan for the Turtle Dove (ISSAP) was developed with the goal of enabling, by 2028, an increase in turtle dove numbers along each of the three migration flyways (western, central, eastern). To achieve this, the illegal killing of turtle doves, a critical threat to the species, has to be eradicated. The Ionian Islands off the west coast of Greece lie on the eastern flyway and are considered a major turtle dove poaching hot-spot during spring migration. Quantifying wildlife crime, however, is challenging. In the absence of a reliable protocol for monitoring spring poaching levels, the agencies tasked with tackling the problem have no means of assessing the effectiveness of the anti-poaching measures and adapting them if required. Using passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) methods, we recorded gun hunting intensity at known turtle dove poaching sites during the 2019-2022 spring migrations (2-10 sites/season) with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. Based on published gunshot to killed/injured bird ratio for similar species (corroborated with discussions with local hunters) and an estimate of the proportion of hunting sites monitored by our PAM grid (using gunshot detection range estimates from control gunshots), we estimated that in 2021, up to 57,095 turtle doves were killed or injured across five Ionian Islands (Zakynthos, Paxi, Antipaxi, Othoni, and Mathraki). The 2022 estimate was almost half, but it is unclear as to whether the change is due to a decline in poachers or turtle doves. We propose ways of improving confidence in future estimates, and call for a temporary moratorium of autumn turtle dove hunting in Greece-as per ISSAP recommendation-until spring poaching is eradicated and the eastern flyway population shows signs of a full recovery. Finally, we hope our findings will pave the way for the development of PAM grids at turtle dove poaching hot-spots across all migration flyways, contributing to the global conservation of the species.
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| 9. |
- Bengtsson, Mats, 1967-
(författare)
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Multi-User Spatial Multiplexing - A Pragmatic Approach
- 2002
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Ingår i: RadioVetenskap och Kommunikation (RVK). ; , s. 724-728
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We suggest a new approach for spatial multiplexing in a narrowband system with several access points serving a number of mobile terminals. In contrast to previously suggested algorithms, this approach is formulated based on a systems perspective, generalizing earlier algorithms for jointly optimal beamforming and power control. Since global channel knowledge is required, the algorithm is mainly intended for system simulations where it provides a benchmark for the performance of any spatial multiplexing scheme with equal rate on the spatial channels.
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| 10. |
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