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- Abenoza, Roberto, et al.
(author)
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Investigating the nature of Public Transport service attributes
- 2018
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In: Transportation Science. - 0041-1655 .- 1526-5447.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Classifying public transport service attributes based on their influence on overall traveler satisfaction can assist stakeholders and practitioners in introducing cost-efficient measures. To date most studies employed methods that were based on the assumption that the impact of service attributes on traveler satisfaction is entirely linear and symmetric. This study examines whether service attributes have a non-linear and asymmetric influence on the overall travel experience by employing the Three-factor theory (basic, performance and exciting factors). The analysis is conducted for different traveler segments depending on their level of captivity, travel frequency by public transport and travel mode used, and is based on a relatively large sample size collected for Stockholm County. Moreover, the estimated models control for important socio-demographic and travel characteristics that have been insofar overlooked. Results are presented in the form of a series of multi-level cubes that represent different essentiality of traveler needs which provide a useful methodological framework to further design quality service improvements that can be applied to various geographical contexts. Our findings highlight that a “one size fits all” approach is not adequate for identifying the needs of distinct traveler segments and of travelers using different travel modes. Furthermore, two-thirds of the attributes are consistently classified into the same factor category which entails important policy implications. This research deepens and expands the very limited knowledge of the application of the three-factor theory in the transport field.
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- Abera, Asmamaw, et al.
(author)
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Air pollution measurements and land-use regression in urban sub-saharan Africa using low-cost sensors—possibilities and pitfalls
- 2020
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In: Atmosphere. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4433. ; 11:12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Air pollution is recognized as the most important environmental factor that adversely affects human and societal wellbeing. Due to rapid urbanization, air pollution levels are increasing in the Sub-Saharan region, but there is a shortage of air pollution monitoring. Hence, exposure data to use as a base for exposure modelling and health effect assessments is also lacking. In this study, low-cost sensors were used to assess PM2.5 (particulate matter) levels in the city of Adama, Ethiopia. The measurements were conducted during two separate 1-week periods. The measurements were used to develop a land-use regression (LUR) model. The developed LUR model explained 33.4% of the variance in the concentrations of PM2.5. Two predictor variables were included in the final model, of which both were related to emissions from traffic sources. Some concern regarding influential observations remained in the final model. Long-term PM2.5 and wind direction data were obtained from the city’s meteorological station, which should be used to validate the representativeness of our sensor measurements. The PM2.5 long-term data were however not reliable. Means of obtaining good reference data combined with longer sensor measurements would be a good way forward to develop a stronger LUR model which, together with improved knowledge, can be applied towards improving the quality of health. A health impact assessment, based on the mean level of PM2.5 (23 µg/m3), presented the attributable burden of disease and showed the importance of addressing causes of these high ambient levels in the area.
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- Abrahamsson, Caroline, et al.
(author)
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Att drabbas av sorg i samband med vuxen närståendes död : En allmän litteraturöversikt om anhörigas upplevelser av sorg och vad som förvärrar och lindrar sorgen
- 2021
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Bakgrund: Sorg är en normal reaktion i samband med närståendes död. Sorg är inteen sjukdom men kan ge besvär som liknar dem som uppkommer vid sjukdom. Om sorgeninte kan hanteras av personen som drabbas av sorg kan den leda till kompliceradsorg och sorgeprocessen förlängs. Sjuksköterskor som arbetar inom vård och omsorgmöter anhöriga som upplever sorg i samband med närstående döende och död ochbehöver ha kunskap och förståelse för hur deras situation kan vara för att kunna geadekvat stöd för anhöriga i sorg. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva anhörigas upplevelser av sorg i samband med vuxen närståendesdöd. Metod: En allmän litteraturöversikt baserad på vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativstudiedesign. Vetenskapliga artiklar söktes fram i databaserna Cinahl Complete, Pub-Med och PsycINFO. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades utifrån kvalitativa kvalitetskriterieroch analysen av studiernas resultat genomfördes utifrån Fribergs analysmetod för litteraturöversikter. Resultat: Upplevelsen av sorg delas in i två kategorier och tio underkategorier. En känslomässigbelastning och att känna sig vilsen och oviss med underkategorierna Chockoch oförmåga att minnas, Smärta, Ångest och ledsenhet, Skuld och lättnad, Ensamhetoch saknad, Ovisshet samt Vilsenhet. Omgivningens agerande förvärrar och lindrarsorgen med underkategorierna Att mötas av personer som inte förstår, Att få informationsom ger förståelse samt Att få känslomässigt stöd. Diskussion: Studiens kvalitet diskuteras utifrån trovärdighetsbegreppen tillförlitlighet,verifierbarhet, pålitlighet och överförbarhet. I resultatdiskussionen diskuteras de trecentrala fynden: upplevelser av skuld, ovisshet och betydelsen av känslomässigt stödvid sorg. Fynden diskuteras i relation till personcentrerad vård och sjuksköterskorsbehov av kunskap för att kunna möta personer i sorg.
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- Ahlberg, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Secondary organic aerosol from VOC mixtures in an oxidation flow reactor
- 2017
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In: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310. ; 161, s. 210-220
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The atmospheric organic aerosol is a tremendously complex system in terms of chemical content. Models generally treat the mixtures as ideal, something which has been questioned owing to model-measurement discrepancies. We used an oxidation flow reactor to produce secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mixtures containing oxidation products of biogenic (α-pinene, myrcene and isoprene) and anthropogenic (m-xylene) volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The resulting volume concentration and chemical composition was measured using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS), respectively. The SOA mass yield of the mixtures was compared to a partitioning model constructed from single VOC experiments. The single VOC SOA mass yields with no wall-loss correction applied are comparable to previous experiments. In the mixtures containing myrcene a higher yield than expected was produced. We attribute this to an increased condensation sink, arising from myrcene producing a significantly higher number of nucleation particles compared to the other precursors. Isoprene did not produce much mass in single VOC experiments but contributed to the mass of the mixtures. The effect of high concentrations of isoprene on the OH exposure was found to be small, even at OH reactivities that previously have been reported to significantly suppress OH exposures in oxidation flow reactors. Furthermore, isoprene shifted the particle size distribution of mixtures towards larger sizes, which could be due to a change in oxidant dynamics inside the reactor.
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- Alsved, Malin, et al.
(author)
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Aerosolization and recovery of viable murine norovirus in an experimental setup
- 2020
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Noroviruses are the major cause for viral acute gastroenteritis in the world. Despite the existing infection prevention strategies in hospitals, the disease continues to spread and causes extensive and numerous outbreaks. Hence, there is a need to investigate the possibility of airborne transmission of norovirus. In this study, we developed an experimental setup for studies on the infectivity of aerosolized murine norovirus (MNV), a model for the human norovirus. Two aerosol generation principles were evaluated: bubble bursting, a common natural aerosolization mechanism, and nebulization, a common aerosolization technique in laboratory studies. The aerosolization setup was characterized by physical and viral dilution factors, generated aerosol particle size distributions, and the viral infectivity after aerosolization. We found a lower physical dilution factor when using the nebulization generator than with the bubble bursting generator. The viral dilution factor of the system was higher than the physical dilution; however, when comparing the physical and viral dilution factors, bubble bursting generation was more efficient. The infectivity per virus was similar using either generation principle, suggesting that the generation itself had a minor impact on MNV infectivity and that instead, the effect of drying in air could be a major reason for infectivity losses.
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