| 1. |
- Andersson, Gerhard
(author)
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Atheism and how it is perceived: Manipulation of, bias against and ways to reduce the bias
- 2016
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In: Nordic Psychology. - : ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 1901-2276 .- 1904-0016. ; 68:3, s. 194-203
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the cognitive foundations of religion and experimental methods have been used to explain religious behaviours. However, in the world, there are a substantial number of non-believers (atheists), and this has been a largely unknown field for experimental and more basic research informed by cognitive science. This has now changed and in this review, I cover three domains of study. First, studies in which belief in God has been manipulated in the direction of showing less belief are reviewed. For example, it is shown that analytical thinking reduces religious belief. Second, recent studies on cognitive bias against atheists are covered showing that atheists are distrusted, elicit disgust and are viewed as immoral both explicitly and implicitly. Third, I review studies in which prejudice against atheists has been experimentally manipulated showing that it is possible to reduce bias against atheists. I conclude the paper arguing that the bias against atheists need to be investigated in the Scan-dinavian countries.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Gun
(author)
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Vad händer nu?
- 2002
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Reports (other academic/artistic)
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Berg, Martin
(author)
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Fitness APIs as Health Data Superstructures
- 2016
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Wearable health technologies and fitness apps are increasingly interconnected through APIs (application programming interface) through which data from sensors are transferred, translated and interpreted. This paper builds on a close critical reading of the technical documentation of some of the most popular fitness APIs (Apple HealthKit, Fitbit, HealthGraph and Withings among others) and aims at establishing an understanding of how human bodies and their activities are conceptualised and measured as data through APIs. Departing from these empirical readings, the paper conceptualises fitness APIs as “health data superstructures” that to various extents render certain self-tracking and body-monitoring practices more feasible than others. Such a conceptualisation is important since it allows for further explorations of the limits and possibilities of how wearable technologies are designed, developed and used in conjunction with other apps and technologies.
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| 5. |
- Bliss, Andrew, et al.
(author)
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Global response of glacier runoff to twenty-first century climate change
- 2014
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In: J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH. - 2169-9003. ; 119:4, s. 717-730
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The hydrology of many important river systems in the world is influenced by the presence of glaciers in their upper reaches. We assess the global-scale response of glacier runoff to climate change, where glacier runoff is defined as all melt and rain water that runs off the glacierized area without refreezing. With an elevation-dependent glacier mass balance model, we project monthly glacier runoff for all mountain glaciers and ice caps outside Antarctica until 2100 using temperature and precipitation scenarios from 14 global climate models. We aggregate results for 18 glacierized regions. Despite continuous glacier net mass loss in all regions, trends in annual glacier runoff differ significantly among regions depending on the balance between increased glacier melt and reduction in glacier storage as glaciers shrink. While most regions show significant negative runoff trends, some regions exhibit steady increases in runoff (Canadian and Russian Arctic), or increases followed by decreases (Svalbard and Iceland). Annual glacier runoff is dominated by melt in most regions, but rain is a major contributor in the monsoon-affected regions of Asia and maritime regions such as New Zealand and Iceland. Annual net glacier mass loss dominates total glacier melt especially in some high-latitude regions, while seasonal melt is dominant in wetter climate regimes. Our results highlight the variety of glacier runoff responses to climate change and the need to include glacier net mass loss in assessments of future hydrological change.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Eklund, Mona, et al.
(author)
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Empowerment and occupational engagement among people with psychiatric disabilities.
- 2015
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2014 .- 1103-8128. ; 22:1, s. 54-61
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract Background: Empowerment is essential in the rehabilitation process for people with psychiatric disabilities and knowledge about factors that may play a key role within this process would be valuable for further development of the day centre services. Objective: The present study investigates day centre attendees' perceptions of empowerment. The aim was to investigate which factors show the strongest relationships to empowerment when considering occupational engagement, client satisfaction with day centres, and health-related and socio-demographic factors as correlates. Methods: 123 Swedish day centre attendees participated in a cross-sectional study by completing questionnaires regarding empowerment and the targeted correlates. Data were analysed with non-parametric statistics. Results: Empowerment was shown to be significantly correlated with occupational engagement and client satisfaction and also with self-rated health and symptoms rated by a research assistant. The strongest indicator for belonging to the group with the highest ratings on empowerment was self-rated health, followed by occupational engagement and symptom severity. Implications: Occupational engagement added to the beneficial influence of self-rated health on empowerment. Enabling occupational engagement in meaningful activities and providing occupations that can generate client satisfaction is an important focus for day centres in order to assist the attendees' rehabilitation process so that it promotes empowerment.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Holroyd, Alexander E., et al.
(author)
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Minimal matchings of point processes
- 2022
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In: Probability Theory and Related Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0178-8051 .- 1432-2064. ; 184:1-2, s. 571-611
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Suppose that red and blue points form independent homogeneous Poisson processes of equal intensity in R-d. For a positive (respectively, negative) parameter gamma we consider red-blue matchings that locally minimize (respectively, maximize) the sum of gamma th powers of the edge lengths, subject to locally minimizing the number of unmatched points. The parameter can be viewed as a measure of fairness. The limit gamma -> -infinity is equivalent to Gale-Shapley stable matching. We also consider limits as gamma approaches 0, 1-, 1+ and infinity. We focus on dimension d = 1. We prove that almost surely no such matching has unmatched points. (This question is open for higher d). For each gamma < 1 we establish that there is almost surely a unique such matching, and that it can be expressed as a finitary factor of the points. Moreover, its typical edge length has finite rth moment if and only if r < 1 /2. In contrast, for gamma = 1 there are uncountably many matchings, while for gamma > 1 there are countably many, but it is impossible to choose one in a translation-invariant way. We obtain existence results in higher dimensions (covering many but not all cases). We address analogous questions for one-colour matchings also.
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| 10. |
- Hough, Moira, et al.
(author)
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Biotic and Environmental Drivers of Plant Microbiomes Across a Permafrost Thaw Gradient
- 2020
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In: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-302X. ; 11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Plant-associated microbiomes are structured by environmental conditions and plant associates, both of which are being altered by climate change. The future structure of plant microbiomes will depend on the, largely unknown, relative importance of each. This uncertainty is particularly relevant for arctic peatlands, which are undergoing large shifts in plant communities and soil microbiomes as permafrost thaws, and are potentially appreciable sources of climate change feedbacks due to their soil carbon (C) storage. We characterized phyllosphere and rhizosphere microbiomes of six plant species, and bulk peat, across a permafrost thaw progression (from intact permafrost, to partially- and fully-thawed stages) via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. We tested the hypothesis that the relative influence of biotic versus environmental filtering (the role of plant species versus thaw-defined habitat) in structuring microbial communities would differ among phyllosphere, rhizosphere, and bulk peat. Using both abundance- and phylogenetic-based approaches, we found that phyllosphere microbial composition was more strongly explained by plant associate, with little influence of habitat, whereas in the rhizosphere, plant and habitat had similar influence. Network-based community analyses showed that keystone taxa exhibited similar patterns with stronger responses to drivers. However, plant associates appeared to have a larger influence on organisms belonging to families associated with methane-cycling than the bulk community. Putative methanogens were more strongly influenced by plant than habitat in the rhizosphere, and in the phyllosphere putative methanotrophs were more strongly influenced by plant than was the community at large. We conclude that biotic effects can be stronger than environmental filtering, but their relative importance varies among microbial groups. For most microbes in this system, biotic filtering was stronger aboveground than belowground. However, for putative methane-cyclers, plant associations have a stronger influence on community composition than environment despite major hydrological changes with thaw. This suggests that plant successional dynamics may be as important as hydrological changes in determining microbial relevance to C-cycling climate feedbacks. By partitioning the degree that plant versus environmental filtering drives microbiome composition and function we can improve our ability to predict the consequences of warming for C-cycling in other arctic areas undergoing similar permafrost thaw transitions.
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