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Sökning: WFRF:(Förlin Lars 1950 ) > Tidskriftsartikel > Förlin Lars 1950 > Engelska

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  • Magnusson, Kerstin, 1957, et al. (författare)
  • Contamination and correlation with toxicity of sediment samples from the Skiagerrak and Kattegat
  • 1996
  • Ingår i: Journal of Sea Research. - 1385-1101. ; 35:1-3, s. 223-234
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The pollution state in the Skagerrak and Kattegat was investigated by determination of pollutant concentrations and toxicity of sediment samples from 11 stations in the area. A comparison was made with the sediment from a reference site near the Faroe Islands. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and organochlorines were determined in whole sediment and heavy metals and ammonia were analysed in filtered pore water. Toxicity was bioassayed in whole sediment with Nitocra spinipes and Daphnia magna, in pore water with Mytilus edulis larvae and in solvent extracts from sediment with tests measuring etoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity in Oncorhyncus mykiss and rate of denitrification. Sites close to Goteborg and in an area from the Oslo fjord to the Norwegian Trench were most polluted. Sediment from the Faroe Islands was least polluted and also least toxic. Multivariate statistical analysis indicates that the different tests were sensitive to different kinds of pollutants. Effects on mussel larvae correlated strongest with the occurrence of ammonia, manganese, cadmium and PAHs, Nitocra with alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and p,p'-DDD, Daphnia with arsenic and gamma-HCH, fish EROD activity with benzo[ghi]perylene and unknown compounds associated with organic carbon, and denitrification with chlordanes, dieldrin and a few PAHs. The results indicate that sampling sites close to Goteborg are so polluted that harmful effects on the ecosystem probably occur.
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  • Albertsson, Eva, 1979, et al. (författare)
  • Carbonyl reductase mRNA abundance and enzymatic activity as potential biomarkers of oxidative stress in marine fish
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Marine Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-1136. ; 80, s. 56-61
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Carbonyl reductase (CBR) is an enzyme involved in protection from oxidative stress. In rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), the hepatic mRNA abundance of the two isoforms (A and B) is increased after exposure to treated sewage effluents, as well as after exposure with beta-naphthoflavone (beta-NF) and the pro-oxidant paraquat In this study, we show that the same chemicals similarly increase the single known hepatic CBR mRNA level and CBR catalytic activity in the coastal living eelpout (Zoarces viviparus). Hepatic CBR mRNA abundance and catalytic activity were also compared between eelpout collected at contaminated and reference sites on the Swedish west coast, but no differences were observed. In conclusion, CBR is a potential biomarker candidate for monitoring the exposure and effects of AhR agonists and/or pro-oxidants in the marine environment, but more research is needed to investigate temporal regulation as well as dose dependency for different chemicals. The mRNA and enzymatic assays presented in this study provide two additional tools for researchers interested in expanding their biomarker battery. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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  • Albertsson, Eva, 1979, et al. (författare)
  • Induction of hepatic carbonyl reductase/20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase mRNA in rainbow trout downstream from sewage treatment works--possible roles of aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists and oxidative stress.
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands). - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1514 .- 0166-445X. ; 97:3, s. 243-9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Carbonyl reductase/20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (CR/20beta-HSD) serves both as a key enzyme in the gonadal synthesis of maturing-inducing hormone in salmonids, and as an enzyme protecting against certain reactive oxygen species. We have previously shown that mRNA of the hepatic CR/20beta-HSD B isoform is increased in rainbow trout caged downstream from a Swedish sewage treatment plant. Here, we report an increase of both the A as well as B form in fish kept downstream from a second sewage treatment plant. The two mRNAs were also induced in fish hepatoma cells in vitro after exposure to effluent extract. This indicates that the effects observed in vivo could be a direct effect on the liver, i.e. the mRNA induction does not require a signal from any other organ. When fish were exposed in vivo to several effluents treated with more advanced methods (ozone, moving bed biofilm reactor or membrane bioreactor) the expression of hepatic mRNA CR/20beta-HSD A and B was significantly reduced. Their abundance did not parallel the reduction of estrogen-responsive transcripts, in agreement with our previous observations that ethinylestradiol is not a potent inducer. Treatment with norethisterone, methyltestosterone or hydrocortisone in vivo did not induce the hepatic CR/20beta-HSD A and B mRNA expression. In contrast, both isoforms were markedly induced by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist beta-naphthoflavone as well as by the pro-oxidant herbicide paraquat. We hypothesize that the induction of CR/20beta-HSD A and B by sewage effluents could be due to anthropogenic contaminants stimulating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and/or causing oxidative stress.
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  • Albertsson, Eva, 1979, et al. (författare)
  • Proteomic analyses indicate induction of hepatic carbonyl reductase/20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase B in rainbow trout exposed to sewage effluent.
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety. - : Elsevier BV. - 0147-6513. ; 68:1, s. 33-9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Proteomic analyses were performed to identify regulated liver proteins in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) caged upstream and downstream from a sewage treatment works (STW). Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, image analysis and FT-ICR mass-spectrometry revealed four regulated protein spots. The three down-regulated spots contained betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and an unidentified protein respectively. The only up-regulated spot consisted of both mitochondrial ATP synthase alpha-subunit and carbonyl reductase/20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (CR/20beta-HSD). Further studies using quantitative PCR revealed a 13.5-fold induction of CR/20beta-HSD B mRNA following STW effluent exposure. The CR/20beta-HSD B gene was not regulated by 17alpha-ethinylestradiol, suggesting that its induction downstream from the STW is due to other factors than exposure to estrogens. Image analysis was initially performed on four gels from each group. These analyses suggested 15 regulated spots. However, validation of the 15 spots by increasing the number of replicates confirmed only four regulated spots. Hence, the present study also demonstrates the need for sufficient biological/technical replication in the interpretation of proteomic data.
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  • Asker, Noomi, 1968, et al. (författare)
  • A gene to organism approach-assessing the impact of environmental pollution in eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) females and larvae
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 0730-7268 .- 1552-8618. ; 34:7, s. 1511-1523
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A broad biomarker approach was applied to study the effects of marine pollution along the Swedish west coast using the teleost eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) as the sentinel species. Measurements were performed on different biological levels, from the molecular to the organismal, including measurements of messenger RNA (mRNA), proteins, cellular and tissue changes, and reproductive success. Results revealed that eelpout captured in Stenungsund had significantly higher hepatic ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity, high levels of both cytochrome P4501A and diablo homolog mRNA, and high prevalence of dead larvae and nuclear damage in erythrocytes. Eelpout collected in Göteborg harbor displayed extensive macrovesicular steatosis, whereby the majority of hepatocytes were affected throughout the liver, which could indicate an effect on lipid metabolism. Results also indicate that eelpouts collected at polluted sites might have an affected immune system, with lower mRNA expression of genes involved in the innate immune system and a higher number of lymphocytes. Biomarker assessment also was performed on livers dissected from unborn eelpout larvae collected from the ovary of the females. No significant differences were noted, which might indicate that the larvae to some extent are protected from effects of environmental pollutants. In conclusion, usage of the selected set of biological markers, covering responses from gene to organism, has demonstrated site-specific biomarker patterns that provided a broad and comprehensive picture of the impact of environmental stressors.
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  • Asker, Noomi, 1968, et al. (författare)
  • Biomarker responses in eelpouts from four coastal areas in Sweden, Denmark and Germany
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Marine Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-1136 .- 1879-0291. ; 120, s. 32-43
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To increase our understanding of possible chemical impacts on coastal fish populations in the Baltic Sea, Kattegat and Skagerrak, the viviparous eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) was used as sentinel species in two major sampling campaigns (spring and autumn) in 16 different coastal sites. Condition factor (CF), liver somatic index (LSI), gonad somatic index (GSI) were measured and the activity of the hepatic enzymes ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), glutathione reductase GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) and muscular activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were assessed. PAH metabolites in bile were also analyzed. The most notable finding in the data set was the low EROD activity in eelpouts collected at the relatively polluted region in Germany compared to the other regions, which could be due to an inhibition of the CYP1A-system or to adaptation to chronic exposure of pollutants in this area. Additionally, low AChE activity was noted in the German region in the autumn campaign and low AChE activity detected in the Danish region in the spring campaign. These differences suggest possible season-specific differences in the use and release of AChE-inhibiting chemicals in the Danish and German regions. Clustering of biomarkers on site level indicated a relationship between CF and GSI and suggested that sites with a high CF contained eelpout that put a larger effort into their larvae development. Clustering of the oxidative stress markers GR, GST and CAT on the individual level reflected a possible coordinated regulation of these enzymes. Overall, the results support the importance of taking into account general regional differences and seasonal variation in biomarker activity when monitoring and assessing the effects of pollution. Despite the expected seasonal variation for most of the measured endpoint, several markers (GSI, EROD and CF) vary similarly between all selected sites in both spring and autumn. This suggests that the differences between sites for these endpoints are independent of season.
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