| 1. |
- Ehrenberg, Anna, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Older patients with chronic heart failure within Swedish community health care : a record review of nursing assessments and interventions
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - Oxon, United Kingdom : Blackwell Publishing. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 13:1, s. 90-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Older patients with chronic heart failure constitute a large group within community home care that is at high risk for re-hospitalization. However, hospital readmission can be prevented if early signs of deterioration are recognized and proper interventions applied.Aims and objectives: The aim of the study was to audit nursing care for older chronic heart failure patients within the Swedish community health care system.Design: The study adopted a retrospective descriptive design.Methods: In a Swedish urban municipality nursing documentation from 161 records on patients diagnosed with chronic heart failure was collected retrospectively from community nursing home care units. Patient records were reviewed for characteristics of nursing care and assessed for comprehensiveness in recording.Results: The main results showed that medical care of patients with chronic heart failure was poorly recorded, making it possible only to follow fragments of the care process. The nursing notes showed poor adherence to current clinical guidelines. Only 12% of the records contained notes on patients' body weight and only 4% noted patients' knowledge about chronic heart failure. When interventions did occur, they largely consisted of drug administration.Conclusions: The findings revealed flaws in the recording of specific assessment and interventions as well as poor adherence to current international clinical guidelines.Relevance to clinical practice: Supportive guidelines available at the point of care are needed to enhance proper community-based home health care for older patients with chronic heart failure.
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| 2. |
- Eldh, Ann Catrine, et al.
(författare)
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The phenomena of participation and non-participation in health care : experiences of patients attending a nurse-led clinic for chronic heart failure
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 3:3, s. 239-246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patient participation is stressed in the health care acts of many western countries yet a common definition of the concept is lacking. The understanding of experiences of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) who attend nurse-led specialist clinics, a form of care suggested as beneficiary to this group, may promote a better understanding of participation. Aim: To investigate the meanings of participation and non-participation as experienced by patients living with CHF. Methods: Narrative interviews analysed in the phenomenological hermeneutic tradition inspired by Ricoeur where the interpretation is made in the hermeneutic circle, explaining and understanding the experienced phenomena. Findings: Participation was experienced as to “be confident”, “comprehend” and “seek and maintain a sense of control”. Non-participation was experienced as to “not understand”, “not be in control”, “lack a relationship” and “not be accountable”. The findings indicate that the experiences of participation and non-participation can change over time and phases of the disease and treatment. Conclusion: The study suggests an extended view on the concept of participation. Patients' experiences of participation in health care can vary and should therefore be an issue for dialogue between nurses and patients with CHF in nurse-led specialist clinics.
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| 3. |
- Grönlund, Marita Andersson, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Visual and ocular findings in children adopted from eastern Europe
- 2004
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Ingår i: Br J Ophthalmol. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. ; 88:11, s. 1362-1267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: To evaluate ophthalmological findings in children adopted from eastern Europe. METHODS: A prospective study on 72/99 children, born 1990-5 and adopted from eastern Europe to western Sweden during 1993-7 was performed. The children (41 boys; mean age 7.5 years) were compared with an age and sex matched reference group ("ref") of Swedish children. RESULTS: 78% of the adopted children had abnormal ocular findings. 26% (ref 4%) had visual acuity (VA) of the better eye < or = 0.5 (> or = 0.3 logMAR) (p = 0.0001) and 8% (ref 0%) were visually impaired (p = 0.01). Amblyopia was found in 15% (ref 2%) (p = 0.005). 22% (ref 10%) were hyperopic (> or = 2.0 D SE) (NS) and 10% (ref 1%) were myopic (> or = 0.5 D SE) (p = 0.03). Astigmatism (> or = 0.75 D) was found in 51% (ref 23%) (p = 0.004). 32% (ref 2%) had strabismus (p<0.0001), mostly esotropia. Four cases had bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia, in three of whom a history of suspected prenatal alcohol exposure was documented. One child had congenital glaucoma. Signs of visuoperceptual problems were recorded in 37% (ref 1%) (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: In this study, children adopted from eastern Europe had a high frequency of ophthalmological findings. Consequently, it is strongly recommended that an ophthalmological examination be performed in these children after arrival in their new home country.
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| 4. |
- Jonsell, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Saproxylic beetles in natural and man-made deciduous high stumps retained for conservation
- 2004
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Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier. - 0006-3207 .- 1873-2917. ; 118:2, s. 163-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intensive forest management in Scandinavia has decreased the amount of dead wood required by saproxylic (wood-living) organisms. To reduce this problem, some dead wood is now retained during forest operations, often in the form of man-made high stumps (ca. 4 m high). Most often these stumps are cut with a harvester, although the stumps in this study were made with explosives. The aims of this study were to determine whether such stumps of aspen (Populus tremula) and birch (Betula spp.) could be used by red-listed saproxylic beetles (Coleoptera), and to examine how the fauna of man-made high stumps differs from that of natural stumps. We also studied how tree species, sun-exposure, stage of decay and trunk diameter influenced the fauna. In 169 samples of bark from high stumps 116 saproxylic species were found, of which 21 were red-listed. Many species, including red-listed ones, were more associated with man-made stumps than with natural stumps. However, in total, more species were found in the natural than in the man-made stumps. This is probably because man-made stumps provide a more homogeneous type of wood substrate than natural ones. Among the other variables the difference between aspen and birch was the most important. We conclude that man-made high stumps are valuable habitats for many saproxylic beetle species.
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| 5. |
- Mucci, L. A., et al.
(författare)
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Dietary acrylamide and risk of renal cell cancer
- 2004
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Ingår i: Int J Cancer. - Hoboken, USA : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 109:5, s. 774-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The detection of acrylamide, classified as a probable human carcinogen, in commonly consumed foods created public health alarm. Thus far, only 2 epidemiologic studies have examined the effect of dietary acrylamide on cancer risk. Presently, we reanalyzed data from a large population-based Swedish case-control study of renal cell cancer. Food frequency data were linked with national food databases on acrylamide content, and daily acrylamide intake was estimated for participants. The risk of renal cell cancer was evaluated for intake of food items with elevated acrylamide levels and for total daily acrylamide dose. Adjusting for potential confounders, there was no evidence that food items with elevated acrylamide, including coffee (OR(highest vs. lowest quartile) = 0.7; 95% CI = 0.4-1.1), crisp breads (OR(highest vs. lowest quartile) = 1.0; 95% CI = 0.6-1.6) and fried potatoes (OR(highest vs. lowest quartile) = 1.1; 95% CI = 0.7-1.7), were associated with a higher risk of renal cell cancer risk. Furthermore, there was no association between estimated daily acrylamide intake through diet and cancer risk (OR(highest vs. lowest quartile) = 1.1; 95% CI = 0.7-1.8; p for trend = 0.8). The results of this study are in line with the 2 previous studies examining dietary acrylamide and suggest there is no association between dietary acrylamide and risk of renal cell cancer.
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| 6. |
- Reikeras, O., et al.
(författare)
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Hydroxyapatite and carbon coatings for fixation of unloaded titanium implants
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants. - 1050-6934 .- 1940-4379. ; 14:6, s. 443-454
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between bone and pure titanium, titanium coated with hydroxyapatite (HA), and titanium coated with carbon in a rat femur model. In 25 rats, the medullary cavity of both femurs was entered by an awl from the trochanteric area. With steel burrs it was successively reamed to a diameter of 2.0 mm. Nails with a diameter of 2.0 mm and with a length of 34 mm were inserted in a random manner; either a pure titanium nail, a titanium nail entirely plasma-sprayed with a 75-100-microm layer of HA or a titanium nail coated with 2-10-microm carbon. The surface roughness of the pure titanium was characterized by Ra 2.6 microm and Rt 22 microm. Ra of HA was 7.5 microm and Rt 52 microm, and of carbon Ra was 0.4 microm and Rt 4.0 microm. Twelve rats were randomized to a follow up of 8 weeks, and the remaining 13 rats were followed for 16 weeks. At sacrifice both femora were dissected free from soft tissues and then immersed in fixative. A specimen slice of about 5 mm thickness was prepared from the subtrochanteric region with a water-cooled band-saw. Sample preparation for un-decalcified tissue followed the internal guidelines at the laboratories of Biomaterials/Handicap Research. At 8 weeks the median bone bonding contact of the implants was 43% (range 0-74) in the titanium group, 39% (0-75) in the HA group, and 3% (0-59) in the carbon group. At 16 weeks the corresponding figures were 58% (0-78) in the titanium group, 51% (15-75) in the HA group, and 8% (0-79) in the carbon group. In conclusion, we found great variability in bone bonding contact. In general, carbon-coated nails had reduced bone bonding contact both at 8 and at 16 weeks as compared to pure titanium or titanium coated with hydroxyapatite.
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| 7. |
- Sadeghi, Mehdi, et al.
(författare)
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Audiological findings in Usher syndrome types IIa and II (non-IIa).
- 2004
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Ingår i: International journal of audiology. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 1499-2027 .- 1708-8186. ; 43:3, s. 136-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to define the natural history of hearing loss in Usher syndrome type IIa compared to non-IIa. People with Usher syndrome type II show moderate-to-severe hearing loss, normal balance and retinitis pigmentosa. Several genes cause Usher syndrome type II. Our subjects formed two genetic groups: (1) subjects with Usher syndrome type IIa with a mutation and/or linkage to the Usher IIa gene; (2) subjects with the Usher II phenotype with no mutation and/or linkage to the Usher IIa gene. Four hundred and two audiograms of 80 Usher IIa subjects were compared with 435 audiograms of 87 non-IIa subjects. Serial audiograms with intervals of > or = 5 years were examined for progression in 109 individuals Those with Usher syndrome type IIa had significantly worse hearing thresholds than those with non-IIa Usher syndrome after the second decade. The hearing loss in Usher syndrome type IIa was found to be more progressive, and the progression started earlier than in non-IIa Usher syndrome. This suggests an auditory phenotype for Usher syndrome type IIa that is different from that of other types of Usher syndrome II. Thus, this is to our knowledge one of the first studies showing a genotype-phenotype auditory correlation.
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| 8. |
- Soop, M., et al.
(författare)
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Preoperative oral carbohydrate treatment attenuates endogenous glucose release 3 days after surgery
- 2004
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Ingår i: Clin Nutr. - Edinburgh, United Kingdom : Elsevier BV. - 0261-5614 .- 1532-1983. ; 23:4, s. 733-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND & AIMS: Postoperative metabolism is characterised by insulin resistance and a negative whole-body nitrogen balance. Preoperative carbohydrate treatment reduces insulin resistance in the first day after surgery. We hypothesised that preoperative oral carbohydrate treatment attenuates insulin resistance and improves whole-body nitrogen balance 3 days after surgery. METHODS: Fourteen patients undergoing total hip replacement were double-blindly randomised to preoperative oral carbohydrate treatment (12.5%, 800 + 400 ml, n = 8) or placebo (n = 6). Glucose kinetics (6,6-D2-glucose), substrate utilisation (indirect calorimetry) and insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp) were measured preoperatively and on the third day after surgery. Nitrogen losses were monitored for 3 days after surgery. Values are mean (SEM). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistics were used. RESULTS: Endogenous glucose release during insulin infusion increased after surgery in the placebo group. Preoperative carbohydrate treatment, as compared to placebo, significantly attenuated postoperative endogenous glucose release (0.69 (0.07) vs. 1.21 (0.13)mg kg(-1) x min(-1), P < 0.01), while whole-body glucose disposal and nitrogen balance were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS: While insulin resistance in the first day after surgery has previously been characterised by reduced glucose disposal, enhanced endogenous glucose release was the main component of postoperative insulin resistance on the third postoperative day. Preoperative carbohydrate treatment attenuated endogenous glucose release on the third postoperative day.
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| 9. |
- Stavropoulos, Franci, et al.
(författare)
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A comparative study of barrier membranes as graft protectors in the treatment of localized bone defects. An experimental study in a canine model.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Clinical oral implants research. - Oxford : Wiley. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 15:4, s. 435-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Guided bone regeneration is a predictable and well-documented surgical approach for the treatment of deficient alveolar ridges prior to endosseous implant placement. The purpose of this study was to compare a new resorbable membrane (GORE RESOLUT ADAPT Regenerative Membrane, i.e. 67% glycolide (PGA) : 33% trimethyline carbonate (TMC)) with Bio-Gide, a resorbable collagen membrane. Five canines were used in the study. Three saddle-type osseous defects were created bilaterally in edentulous areas of the mandible. The defects were filled with assayed, canine demineralized freeze-dried bone (DFDB) in a thermoplastic gelatin matrix. Using a randomized block design, four sites were covered with PGA : TMC membranes of four different porosities, one site was covered with a collagen membrane and one site consisted of DFDB alone (control). At 3 months, the animals were euthanized and the mandibles were removed en bloc for laboratory processing. A total of 30 sites were reviewed microradiographically and underwent histomorphometric analysis for bone regeneration, soft tissue presence and remaining graft material. All sites exhibited uneventful healing. A significantly higher percentage of bone regeneration was seen in the sites protected by the PGA : TMC membrane. A higher component of soft tissue was visible beneath the collagen membrane as compared with the PGA : TMC membrane. The control sites exhibited noticeable deformation of the regenerated bone secondary to collapse of the overlying periosteum. The authors conclude that the PGA : TMC membrane protected the DFDB-filled defect and allowed a greater amount of bone regeneration than the defect protected by the collagen membrane or the control.
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| 10. |
- Sävenstrand, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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A Pisum sativum glyoxysomal malate dehydrogenase induced by cadmium exposure
- 2004
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Ingår i: DNA Sequence. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1042-5179 .- 1029-2365. ; 15:3, s. 206-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The glyoxysomal malate dehydrogenase (gMDH) catalyses the formation of oxaloacetate from malate during beta-oxidation of fatty acids in the glyoxysome. A partial Pisum sativum L. (cv. Greenfeast) cDNA was first isolated from a suppression subtractive hybridisation cDNA library obtained from heavy metal stressed plants. The full length cDNA was then isolated by rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The translated sequence showed strong similarity to Cucumis sativus and Citrullus lanatus gMDH including a typical glyoxysome-targeting presequence comprising the PTS2 motif and a cleavage site for a cystein-directed protease. Exposure of pea plants to Cd2+ induced expression of the gMDH gene in mature pea leaves indicating that the enzyme is under environmental control in addition to the normal developmental regulation pattern.
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