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- Gerkin, Richard C., et al.
(författare)
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Recent Smell Loss Is the Best Predictor of COVID-19 Among Individuals With Recent Respiratory Symptoms
- 2021
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Ingår i: Chemical Senses. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0379-864X .- 1464-3553. ; 46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a preregistered, cross-sectional study, we investigated whether olfactory loss is a reliable predictor of COVID-19 using a crowdsourced questionnaire in 23 languages to assess symptoms in individuals self-reporting recent respiratory illness. We quantified changes in chemosensory abilities during the course of the respiratory illness using 0–100 visual analog scales (VAS) for participants reporting a positive (C19+; n = 4148) or negative (C19−; n = 546) COVID-19 laboratory test outcome. Logistic regression models identified univariate and multivariate predictors of COVID-19 status and post-COVID-19 olfactory recovery. Both C19+ and C19− groups exhibited smell loss, but it was significantly larger in C19+ participants (mean ± SD, C19+: −82.5 ± 27.2 points; C19−: −59.8 ± 37.7). Smell loss during illness was the best predictor of COVID-19 in both univariate and multivariate models (ROC AUC = 0.72). Additional variables provide negligible model improvement. VAS ratings of smell loss were more predictive than binary chemosensory yes/no-questions or other cardinal symptoms (e.g., fever). Olfactory recovery within 40 days of respiratory symptom onset was reported for ~50% of participants and was best predicted by time since respiratory symptom onset. We find that quantified smell loss is the best predictor of COVID-19 amongst those with symptoms of respiratory illness. To aid clinicians and contact tracers in identifying individuals with a high likelihood of having COVID-19, we propose a novel 0–10 scale to screen for recent olfactory loss, the ODoR-19. We find that numeric ratings ≤2 indicate high odds of symptomatic COVID-19 (4 < OR < 10). Once independently validated, this tool could be deployed when viral lab tests are impractical or unavailable.
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| 2. |
- Parma, Valentina, et al.
(författare)
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More Than Smell—COVID-19 Is Associated With Severe Impairment of Smell, Taste, and Chemesthesis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Chemical Senses. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0379-864X .- 1464-3553. ; 45:7, s. 609-622
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent anecdotal and scientific reports have provided evidence of a link between COVID-19 and chemosensory impairments, such as anosmia. However, these reports have downplayed or failed to distinguish potential effects on taste, ignored chemesthesis, and generally lacked quantitative measurements. Here, we report the development, implementation, and initial results of a multilingual, international questionnaire to assess self-reported quantity and quality of perception in 3 distinct chemosensory modalities (smell, taste, and chemesthesis) before and during COVID-19. In the first 11 days after questionnaire launch, 4039 participants (2913 women, 1118 men, and 8 others, aged 19–79) reported a COVID-19 diagnosis either via laboratory tests or clinical assessment. Importantly, smell, taste, and chemesthetic function were each significantly reduced compared to their status before the disease. Difference scores (maximum possible change ±100) revealed a mean reduction of smell (−79.7 ± 28.7, mean ± standard deviation), taste (−69.0 ± 32.6), and chemesthetic (−37.3 ± 36.2) function during COVID-19. Qualitative changes in olfactory ability (parosmia and phantosmia) were relatively rare and correlated with smell loss. Importantly, perceived nasal obstruction did not account for smell loss. Furthermore, chemosensory impairments were similar between participants in the laboratory test and clinical assessment groups. These results show that COVID-19-associated chemosensory impairment is not limited to smell but also affects taste and chemesthesis. The multimodal impact of COVID-19 and the lack of perceived nasal obstruction suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus strain 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may disrupt sensory-neural mechanisms.
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| 3. |
- Berglund, Anna, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Våldsutsatta kvinnor- samhällets ansvar
- 2014. - 3
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Ingår i: Lärobok, tredje upplagan, framtagen av Nationellt centrum för kvinnofrid, Uppsala universitet. - Uppsala : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144094441
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Jönsson, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Change or Paradigm Shift in the Swedish Preschool?
- 2010
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Ingår i: XVII ISA World Congress of Sociology Sociology on the Move, Gothenburg, Sweden, 11 - 17 July, 2010. Conference Abstracts.. - : International sociology association.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Since the mid-1990s several reforms have challenged the idea of educare, which is often held up as the main characteristic of the Swedish preschool (OECD 2001, 2006, Moss 2006). Educare in the Swedish context means good-quality care and education in a balanced mix. Unlike many European countries, there is not a split in the organisation between care of children below and above the age of three (Knijn, Jönsson and Klammer 2005, Letablier and Jönsson 2005). Contemporary reforms point to increased expectations of preschool as a preparation for school. Such ideas are included in the social investment strategy which is supported on the European Union level and by international organisations such as the OECD and the World Bank. According to White (2009), the social investment strategy implies a positive relationship between early childhood development and early childhood education programmes and children’s success later in life, which is related to a country’s economic success. The aim of the paper The aim of the paper is to discuss whether or to what extent the social investment strategy has an impact on the Swedish preschool and the reform work being done at the moment. Since its establishment in the 1970s, the emphasis has been on the child’s needs at the same time as it fulfils goals related to family, social, gender equality and labour market policies. Has the balance changed in favour of future-oriented goals? Is there a paradigm shift taking place in the Swedish preschool? The paper will explore whether this is the case by discussing the development of the Swedish preschool since the 1970s, proceeding from Hall’s (1993) requirements of a paradigm shift; these include a simultaneous change of objectives, policy instruments and settings.
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| 8. |
- Jönsson, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Change or paradigm shift in the Swedish preschool?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Sociologia. - : Editora Mundos Sociais, Universitario de Lisboa. - 0873-6529 .- 2182-7907. ; 69, s. 47-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Artikeln diskuterar olika förskolereformer i Sverie och ställer fråpgan om den svenska modellen, EDUCARE, är hotad av ideer om skolförberedelse och senare anställningsbarhet.Förändringarna studeras på olika nivåer och från ett historiskt perpspektiv. Slutsatsen är att reformarbetena måste förstås dels i förhållande till nationella ideer, föreställninar och traditioner, dels i förhållande till internationella organisationer. Vidare forskrning som uppmärksammar vad som faktiskt sker i den lokala kontexten rekommenderas.
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| 9. |
- Jönsson, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Les réformes de l’éducation préscolaire
- 2013
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Ingår i: Politiques sociales et familiales. - : CNAF. - 2101-8081 .- 2107-0210. ; 112:112, s. 63-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I Sverige har, till skillnad från många länder, omsorg, vård, fostran, lärande och utbildningen för de yngre barnen hållts samman i en och samma organisation och under Educare begreppet. Aktuella reformer pekar på ökade förväntingar på förskolan som ett första steg i det livlånga lärandet. i artikeln diskuteras dessa ideeer som en del i social investerningsstrategi so stödjs på EU nivå och av internainella organisationer som OECD oh Världsbanken. Syftet med artikeln är att diskutera frågan om balansen mellan de kombinerade målsättningarna håller på att rubbas i svenska förskola. Ser vi ett paradigmatiskt skifte i förskolan?
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| 10. |
- Kloster Smerud, Hilde, et al.
(författare)
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New treatment for IgA nephropathy : enteric budesonide targeted to the ileocecal region ameliorates proteinuria
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation. - : Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy B. - 0931-0509 .- 1460-2385. ; 26:10, s. 3237-3241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Systemic corticosteroid treatment has been shown to exert some protection against renal deterioration in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) but is not commonly recommended for long-term use due to the well-known systemic side effects. In this study, we investigated the efficacy and safety of a new enteric formulation of the locally acting glucocorticoid budesonide (Nefecon (R)), designed to release the active compound in the ileocecal region. The primary objective was to evaluate the efficacy of targeted release budesonide on albuminuria. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods. Budesonide 8 mg/day was given to 16 patients with IgAN for 6 months, followed by a 3-month follow-up period. The efficacy was measured as change in 24-h urine albumin excretion, serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults. The median relative reduction in urinary albumin excretion was 23% during the treatment period (interquartile range: -0.36 to -0.04, P = 0.04) with pretreatment values ranging from 0.3 to 6 g/24 h (median: 1.5 g/24 h). The median reduction in urine albumin peaked at 40% (interquartile range: -0.58 to -0.15) 2 months after treatment discontinuation. Serum creatinine was reduced by 6% (interquartile range: -0.12 to -0.02; P = 0.003), and eGFR [Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD)] increased similar to 8% (interquartile range: 0.02-0.16, P = 0.003) during treatment. No major corticosteroid-related side effects were observed. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusions. In the present pilot study, enteric budesonide targeted to the ileocecal region had a significant effect on urine albumin excretion, accompanied by a minor reduction of serum creatinine and a modest increase of eGFR calculated by the MDRD equation, while eGFR calculated from Cockcroft-Gault equation and cystatin C was not changed. Enteric budesonide may represent a new treatment of IgAN warranting further investigation.
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