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| 2. |
- Nordling Nilson, Linda, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Dose-related cognitive deficits among floor layers with previous heavy exposure to solvents.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Archives of environmental health. - 0003-9896. ; 58:4, s. 208-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The authors used tests of attention and memory, which are sensitive to the influence of aging, to explore possible adverse effects on cognitive functioning following past heavy exposure to solvent-based glues, with special reference to dose-effect relationships and interactions with the aging process. The study included 41 floor layers and 40 carpenters (referents) who participated in a longitudinal follow-up assessment. The authors assessed cognitive functioning with the following tests: trail-making, color words, and word recall. Higher cumulative exposure was associated with poorer test performance that was related to concept shifting, episodic memory, and speed of congruent and incongruent color naming. The magnitude of the decrements in memory tasks was equivalent to about 20 yr of age-related decline. Dose-effect relationships were seen mainly for contact adhesives, and there was partial evidence for an interaction between exposure and aging.
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| 3. |
- Stockfelt, Leo, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Long term effects of residential NOx exposure on total and cause-specific mortality and incidence of myocardial infarction in a Swedish cohort.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Environmental research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1096-0953 .- 0013-9351. ; 142, s. 197-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Exposure to air pollution has been linked to total and cardiopulmonary mortality. However, few studies have examined the effects of exposure over decades, or which time windows of long term exposure are most relevant. We investigated the long term effects of residential air pollution on total and cause-specific mortality and incidence of myocardial infarction in a well-characterized cohort of men in Sweden. METHODS: A cohort of 7494 men in Gothenburg was examined in 1970-1973 and followed subsequently to determine predictors of cardiovascular disease. We collected data on residential address and cause-specific mortality for the years 1973-2007. Each individual was assigned yearly nitrogen oxides (NOx) exposure based on dispersion models. Using multivariable Cox regression and generalized additive models with time-dependent exposure, we studied the association between three different time windows of residential NOx exposure, and selected outcomes. RESULTS: In the years 1973-2007, a total of 5669 deaths, almost half of which were due to cardiovascular diseases, occurred in the cohort. Levels of NOx exposure decreased during the study period, from a median of 38µg/m3 in 1973 to 17µg/m3 in 2007. Total non-accidental mortality was associated with participants' NOx exposure in the last year (the year of outcome) (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.05, per 10µg/m3), with the mean NOx exposure during the last 5 years, and with the mean NOx exposure since enrolment (HR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.04 for both). The associations were similar (HR 1.01-1.03), but generally not statistically significant, for cardiovascular, ischemic heart disease, and acute myocardial infarction mortality, and weaker for cerebrovascular and respiratory mortality. There was no association between NOx exposure and incident myocardial infarction. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Long term residential exposure to NOx at these relatively low exposure levels in Gothenburg was associated with total non-accidental mortality. The association was as strong for NOx exposure in the last year as for longer exposure windows. The effect was near linear, and only marginally affected by confounders and effect modifiers. The improved air quality in Gothenburg has by these estimates led to a 6% decrease in excess non-accidental mortality during the study period.
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| 4. |
- Stockfelt, Leo, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Long-Term Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution, Black Carbon, and Their Source Components in Relation to Ischemic Heart Disease and Stroke
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - Durham : National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 127:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) in ambient air has been associated with cardiovascular mortality, but few studies have considered incident disease in relation to PM from different sources.OBJECTIVES: We aimed to study associations between long-term exposure to different types of PM and sources, and incident ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke in three Swedish cities.METHODS: ), and black carbon (BC) from road wear, traffic exhaust, residential heating, and other sources in Gothenburg, Stockholm, and Umeå. Registry data for participants from four cohorts were used to obtain incidence of IHD and stroke for first hospitalization or death. We constructed time windows of exposure for same-year, 1- to 5-y, and 6- to 10-y averages preceding incidence from annual averages at residential addresses. Risk estimates were based on random effects meta-analyses of cohort-specific Cox proportional hazard models.RESULTS: exposure from residential heating.DISCUSSION: Few consistent associations were observed between different particulate components and IHD or stroke. However, long-term residential exposure to locally emitted BC from traffic exhaust was associated with stroke incidence. The comparatively low exposure levels may have contributed to the paucity of associations.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Eva M., 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Is Cadmium a Risk Factor for Breast Cancer - Results from a Nested Case-Control Study Using Data from the Malmo Diet and Cancer Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention. - 1055-9965. ; 30:9, s. 1744-1752
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Some studies have shown that cadmium (Cd) is associated with breast cancer risk. One hypothesis is that Cd has estrogen-like properties. This case-control study investigated the association between breast cancer risk and blood Cd (BCd) levels. Methods: All breast cancers in the Malmo Diet and Cancer cohort were identified through linkage to the Swedish Cancer Registry, baseline (1991-1996) through 2014. Two controls per case were selected from the same cohort. BCd was analyzed at baseline. Associations were analyzed using logistic regression. Results: Mean BCd was 0.51 mg/L among 1,274 cases and 0.46 among 2,572 controls. There was an overall increased risk of breast cancer [OR, 1.18; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05-1.36] per mg/L of BCd. An increased risk was, however, only found at high BCd [OR, 1.34 (95% CI, 1.05-1.73)] for BCd more than 1.20 mg/L. The group with the highest BCd was mainly smokers. A spline indicated that at BCd less than 1.0 mg/L, the OR was not increased. The association with BCd was stronger in current smokers and at body mass index (BMI) above 25, while no modification due to receptor status was found. Conclusions: The results indicated increased risk of breast cancer only for high Cd exposure, which occurred mainly among smokers. This made it difficult to disentangle the effects of smoking and Cd, despite inclusion of smoking habits in the models. Impact: This study provides support for reducing Cd exposure through smoking cessation and dietary choice. On the population level, preventive measures against Cd pollution are warranted.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Eva M., 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Partial Mediation by Cadmium Exposure of the Association Between Tobacco Smoking and Atherosclerotic Plaques in the Carotid Artery
- 2018
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Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 187:4, s. 806-816
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exposure to cadmium confers increased cardiovascular risk. Tobacco smoke contains cadmium, which, hypothetically, may mediate parts of the tobacco-associated risk of developing atherosclerotic plaques. Baseline data from the Swedish Malmo Diet and Cancer cohort (1991-1996) were used to test this hypothesis. Mediation analysis was used to examine associations between smoking and blood cadmium levels and the prevalence of ultrasound-assessed carotid atherosclerotic plaques. The total association with smoking status (never smokers, 2 categories of former smokers, and current smokers) was split into direct and indirect association, and the proportion mediated was estimated. The adjusted estimated plaque prevalence was approximately 27% among never smokers. We identified both a direct and an indirect pathway between smoking and carotid plaques; the indirect association, through cadmium, was observed among current smokers and former smokers who had quit smoking less than 15 years before. For current smokers, the prevalence ratio for plaque was 1.5, with 60%-65% of the association with smoking being mediated through cadmium. Recent former smokers had a prevalence ratio of 1.3, and 40%-45% was mediated through cadmium. Long-time former smokers had a prevalence ratio of 1.2, but none of the association was mediated through cadmium. In conclusion, about two-thirds of the proatherosclerotic association with smoking was mediated by cadmium.
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| 7. |
- Axelsson, Gösta, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Annoyance and worry in a petrochemical industrial area - prevalence, time trends and risk indicators
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601. ; 10:4, s. 1418-1438
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract: In 1992, 1998, and 2006, questionnaires were sent to stratified samples of residents aged 18–75 years living near petrochemical industries (n = 600–800 people on each occasion) and in a control area (n = 200–1,000). The aims were to estimate the long-term prevalence and change over time of annoyance caused by industrial odour, industrial noise, and worries about possible health effects, and to identify risk indicators. In 2006, 20% were annoyed by industrial odour, 27% by industrial noise (1–4% in the control area), and 40–50% were worried about health effects or industrial accidents (10–20% in the control area). Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed significantly lower prevalence of odour annoyance in 1998 and 2006 than in 1992, while industrial noise annoyance increased significantly over time. The prevalence of worry remained constant. Risk of odour annoyance increased with female sex, worry of health effects, annoyance by motor vehicle exhausts and industrial noise. Industrial noise annoyance was associated with traffic noise annoyance and worry of health effects of traffic. Health-risk worry due to industrial air pollution was associated with female sex, having children, annoyance due to dust/soot in the air, and worry of traffic air pollution.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Axelsson, Gösta, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Cancer incidence in a petrochemical industry area in Sweden
- 2010
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697. ; 408:20, s. 4482-4487
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emissions from petrochemical industries may contain suspected or established carcinogens. As increased incidence of cancer in residential areas close to petrochemical industries has been reported in the literature, we conducted a study of cancer incidence in Stenungsund, Sweden, where petrochemical industries were established in the mid 1960s. A number of cancer cases in the central parts of Stenungsund were collected from the regional cancer registry for each year between 1974 and 2005. In addition to the total number of cases, the numbers of leukemia, lymphoma, liver cancer, lung cancer, and brain cancer were also collected. Expected numbers for each year were calculated based on age- and sex-specific incidence rates in reference areas. Levels of carcinogenic volatile hydrocarbons (VOC) were estimated from measurements and emission data. A dispersion model was used to classify Stenungsund into a "low" and "high" ethylene level area. Standardized Incidence Ratio (SIR) for all cancer for the entire period was 1.02 (95% CI 0.97-1.08). The occurrence of leukemia, lymphoma, and cancer in the central nervous system was slightly lower than expected for the entire period. SIR for lung cancer was 1.37 (95% CI 1.10-1.69), and SIR for liver cancer was 1.50 (0.82-2.53). VOC levels were low. Taking estimated exposure and demographic factors into account, our assessment is that occurrence of cancer was not affected by industrial emissions in any of the studied sites.
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| 10. |
- Bar, Yael, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative and semi-quantitative histopathological examination of renal biopsies in healthy individuals, and associations with kidney function
- 2016
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Ingår i: Apmis. - : Wiley. - 0903-4641. ; 124:5, s. 393-400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study assesed the prevalence of histopathological changes in renal biopsies from healthy individuals, and the association with age, sex and smoking. Donor biopsies from 109 subjects were obtained from living kidney donors, and blood and urine samples were collected together with medical history. All biopsies were scored according to the Banff 97 classification with some modifications. The parameters included in this study were tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, arteriolohyalinosis and a sclerosis score. An alternative scoring system for tubular atrophy was examined (using 5% rather than <1% as a cut-off for grade 0). Glomerular filtration rate was measured in most cases as chromium ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (Cr-EDTA) clearance. Age was a significant predictor for tubular atrophy, fibrosis and sclerosis. Pack-years of smoking increased the risk of tubular atrophy, fibrosis and arteriolohyalinosis. The alternative scoring of tubular atrophy showed a stronger association with smoking, but a weaker association with age, compared with the original one. Limited histopathological changes are common in healthy kidney donors around 50 years of age with normal kidney function. We propose that a cut-off of 5% yields a better definition of grade 0 tubular atrophy compared with the established cut-off of >0%.
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