| 1. |
- Hacker, R Scott, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal lag-length choice in stable and unstable VAR models under situations of homoscedasticity and ARCH
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Statistics. - : Routledge. - 0266-4763 .- 1360-0532. ; 35:6, s. 601-615
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The performance of different information criteria - namely Akaike, corrected Akaike (AICC), Schwarz-Bayesian (SBC), and Hannan-Quinn - is investigated so as to choose the optimal lag length in stable and unstable vector autoregressive (VAR) models both when autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (ARCH) is present and when it is not. The investigation covers both large and small sample sizes. The Monte Carlo simulation results show that SBC has relatively better performance in lag-choice accuracy in many situations. It is also generally the least sensitive to ARCH regardless of stability or instability of the VAR model, especially in large sample sizes. These appealing properties of SBC make it the optimal criterion for choosing lag length in many situations, especially in the case of financial data, which are usually characterized by occasional periods of high volatility. SBC also has the best forecasting abilities in the majority of situations in which we vary sample size, stability, variance structure (ARCH or not), and forecast horizon (one period or five). frequently, AICC also has good lag-choosing and forecasting properties. However, when ARCH is present, the five-period forecast performance of all criteria in all situations worsens.
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| 2. |
- Schuller, Bernd-Joachim
(författare)
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Globalization and competitiveness of nations : The Baltic States
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings from the International Scientific Conference. - : Kaunas University of Technology, Faculty of Economics & Management. ; , s. 673-678
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to the Lisbon Agenda of the year 2000, the goal of the European Union is to become in 2010 the most competitive economy in the world, able to achieve high employment, rising economic growth and rising living standards. Furthermore, social and regional cohesion and a positive environmental development shall be attained, though according to the Barroso Commission the focus is now on employment and growth, while social and environmental aspects are seen as longer-term goals. The Lisbon Agenda aims to prepare the European Union for the challenges of globalization. Since the Lisbon Summit in 2000, the EU has been enlarged with 12 new members, among them the Baltic States Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The purpose of this paper is firstly to investigate how - economic - globalization can be defined and measured and secondly, how competitiveness can be expressed. While globalization is measured mostly in absolute figures, regarding competitiveness, a - relative - comparison of countries is shown. The focus is on the Baltic States, with Sweden as a comparison. Though competitiveness of nations is according to Krugman a discussable phenomenon, Porter and the World Economic Forum (WEF) are presenting indicators for this concept in the yearly published Gobal Competitiveness Report. According to the WEF, international competitiveness of nations can be expressed by high growth and living standard in the medium and long run and by high and rising employment. [From the publication]
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| 3. |
- Kazemi, Ali
(författare)
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There is more to fairness in taxation than fair taxes : Introducing a multi-faceted fairness framework of taxation
- 2008
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Ingår i: Dynamics Within and Outside the Lab. - Lund : POST network, Lund University. - 9789173936316 ; , s. 147-158
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Taxation has attracted considerable research attention. In this article some preliminary steps are taken towards advancing a multi-faceted fairness framework of taxation according to which taxation fairness is not only related to the tax expenditure programme (distributive justice), but also to how tax decisions are made (procedural justice), how citizens are treated by the tax authorities/employees (interpersonal justice), and how tax decisions and the legislation are explained and justified to the citizens (informational justice). This framework further posits that taxpayers experience uncertainty in the context of taxation, and that fairness reduces uncertainty. It is also posited that fairness is a prerequisite for legitimacy of the tax system. The framework draws upon the literature on the social psychology of justice and applies it to the taxation context. Altogether, this theoretical framework provides an alternative account of tax attitudes and behavior in that it downplays the role of surveillance and sanctions and instead emphasizes the role of perceived fairness for citizens' willingness to pay taxes and for tax system legitimacy.
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| 4. |
- Hyder, Akmal S., et al.
(författare)
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Institutional factors and strategic alliances in eastern and central Europe
- 2008
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Ingår i: Baltic Journal of Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1746-5265 .- 1746-5273. ; 3:3, s. 289-308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - The study deals with institutional factors that have impact on the operation of east-west alliances. Applying Kostova and Roth's terminology of institutional and relational contexts, this paper aims to address how alliance relationship based on resources, learning and performance organizes and functions, and how institutional factors influence the alliance relationship. Design/methodology/approach - To properly highlight the role of institutional factors, eastern and central Europe (ECE) is divided into four categories, namely fast adapters, high and low medium adapters and slow adapters. A total of 20 alliances operating in different country categories have been selected for the study. In all alliances, foreign partners are Swedish firms and engaged in the manufacturing industry, Semi-structured interviews containing both a fixed set of questions and a set of open-ended questions have been used for data collection. Findings - The impact of institutional factors on firms in slow-adapting countries was uniformly high, the initiatives taken were usually fruitless and ineffective. In the case of medium-adapters, the impact was largely mitigated over time as alliances passed through the different stages. The least impact was, as expected, observed among the alliances in fast-adapting countries. However, the result needs to be taken with some caution as the data include alliances where partners come from a single western country. Practical implications - For direct investment, managers need to take the institutional factors seriously as ECE countries undergo a transition period and the economical situations of these countries shows a wide variation. For example, if need of return is quick, the managers should invest in a fast-adapting country or in a medium-adapting country but not at all in a slow-adapting country. Originality/value - This paper makes a unique contribution by focusing institutional factors which affect strategic alliances in ECE. One future study can concern cultural impact on business environment and new business development in ECE. Another interesting area of research could deal with medium-adapting countries because the members of this group show different level of adaptation and performance.
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| 5. |
- Söderström, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Standardisation as a Means to Improve Information Security in Process-Oriented Distributed Healthcare
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings (ed) Kai Jacobs and Eva Söderström. Presented at the 13 th European Academy for Standardization (EURAS), 2008-06-16-17, Skövde Sweden.. - Aachen : Mainz. - 1437-8396. - 3861308096 ; 2008:ABI Band 40, s. 233-243
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regardless of who we are, where we are, and when we get sick, we expect the healthcare sectors to take care of us. And we expect it to treat us with respect. Not the least, this concerns treating our personal information with care. However, the reality is that most healthcare institutions work separately, and that the flow of patient information therefore is less than optimal. This paper aims to investigate how current standards map against the concept of information security, and how process-orientation can be used in conjunction with standards to create secure information flows in healthcare. It does so by describing information security and process-orientation, and investigates how standards for information security apply in a process-oriented, distributed healthcare sector. The result shows that a dual focus is needed, on document and process standardisation, and that healthcare is facing great challenges in order to make this work.
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| 6. |
- Hatemi-J, Abdulnasser
(författare)
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Forecasting properties of a new method to determine optimal lag order in stable and unstable VAR models
- 2008
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Ingår i: Applied Economics Letters. - : Routledge. - 1350-4851 .- 1466-4291. ; 15:4, s. 239-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This simulation study investigates the forecasting performance of a new information criterion suggested by Hatemi-J (2003) to pick the optimal lag length in the stable and unstable vector autregression (VAR) models. The conducted Monte Carlo experiments reveal that this information criterion is successful in selecting the optimal lag order in the VAR model when the main aim is to draw ex-ante (forecasting) inference regardless if the VAR model is stable or not. In addition, the simulations indicate that this information criterion is robust to autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity effects.
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| 7. |
- Olsson, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling International Trade : A study of the EU Common Market and Transport Economies
- 2008
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Ingår i: Mölle 2008, The Tenth Annual SNEE European Integration Conference. - : SNEE. ; , s. 11 sidor-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, Swedish export is investigated, and data for export value and the number of firms that export is analysed. The main purpose is to compare constrained gravity models to gravity models without constraints. It is shown that constrained gravity models represent the export data in a relatively better way. The EU common market and transport economies are introduced into versions of the constrained gravity model, and the results show that the model fits the data even better.
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| 8. |
- Hilletofth, Per
(författare)
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Differentiated Supply Chain Strategy - Building Knowledge through Case Studies
- 2008
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Ingår i: Fourth International Railway Logistics Seminar. - Kouvola, Finland : Lappeenranta University of Technology. - 9789522146014 ; , s. 5-28, s. 5-28, s. 5-28
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nowadays companies usually offer a wide range of products and services in various types of non-coherent business environments. It is becoming apparent that traditional ‘one-size-fits-all’ supply chain strategies does not support a wide range of products sold in a diversity of markets. Consequently, it becomes increasingly necessary to employ different manufacturing and delivery strategies concurrently in order to develop a differentiated supply chain strategy. This paper employs a descriptive multiple case study approach to illustrate how two companies has develop a differentiated supply chain strategy. Case study findings reveal that one efficient method to develop a differentiated supply chain strategy is to combine different manufacturing and delivery strategies into various supply chain solutions. By combining relatively few strategies it is possible to develop several differentiated supply chain solutions.
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| 9. |
- Hilletofth, Per
(författare)
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Enterprise resource planning systems in higher education
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 4th Railway logistics Seminar. - Kouvola, Finland : Lappeenranta University of Technology. ; , s. 167-180, s. 167-180, s. 167-180
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Information systems and technology are becoming more and more important in the industry. Consequently, it is important to include these in any modern logistics education. This paper describes how ERP-systems are utilized in logistics education programs and courses at University of Skövde (Sweden). The objective of this paper is to highlight the importance of information systems and technology in a modern logistics education.
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| 10. |
- Awuah, Gabriel Baffour, et al.
(författare)
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Networked (interactive) position : a new view of developing and sustaining competitive advantage
- 2008
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Ingår i: Competitiveness Review. - Bingley : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1059-5422 .- 2051-3143. ; 18:4, s. 333-350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – In the extant literature a firm's development of its competitive advantage is seen to be the task of the firm alone. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new and a broader approach of how competitive advantage can be developed and maintained in today's highly competitive and dynamic markets. To this end, how a firm handles its relationships with significant actors in its network becomes very decisive for the development of its competitive advantage.Design/methodology/approach – Drawing on a network approach, case studies have been used to shed lights on the extent to which the development of competitive advantage of firms affect and are affected by their interaction with some actors in a network of exchange relationships.Findings – An important conclusion of this study is that a firm's highly valued performance, an indication of its strong position or competitive strength, has its roots in its regular and intensive interaction with some significant actors in its network.Research limitations/implications – All firms in this study have demonstrated that competitive advantage can be achieved by building up a strong position through interaction, learning and adaptation with some significant actors in the marketplace. Since the study is based on one setting, extending a similar study to several settings will be very useful.Originality/value – The paper provides insights into how a firm, in the effort to build its competitive advantage, draws on its own capabilities and complementary capabilities of its partners in a network.
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