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- Becker, Matthias, 1986-, et al.
(author)
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A Many-Core based Execution Framework for IEC 61131-3
- 2015
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In: IECON 2015 - 41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. ; , s. 4525-4530
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Programmable logic controllers are widely used for the control of automationsystems. The standard IEC 61131-3 defines the execution model as well as theprogramming languages for such systems. Nowadays, actuators and sensorsconnect to the programmable logic controller via automation buses. While suchbuses, as well as the sensors and actuators, become more and more powerful, ashift away from the current distributed operation of automation systems, closeto the field level, becomes possible. Instead, execution of complex controlfunctions can be relocated to more powerful hardware, and technologies. Thispaper presents an execution framework for IEC 61131-3, based on a many-coreprocessors. The presented execution model exploits the characteristics of theIEC 61131-3 applications as well as the characteristics of the many-core processor,yielding a predictable execution. We present the platform architectureand an algorithm to allocate a number of IEC 61131-3 conform applications.Experimental as well as simulation based evaluation is provided.
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| 2. |
- Becker, Matthias, et al.
(author)
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Increased Reliability of Many-Core Platforms through Thermal Feedback Control
- 2014
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In: Performance, Power and Predictability of Many-Core Embedded Systems 3PMCES'14. - Dresden, Germany.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper we present a low overhead thermal management approach to increase reliability of many-core embedded real-time systems. Each core is controlled by a feedback controller. We adapt the utilization of the core in order to decrease the dynamic power consumption and thus the corresponding heat development. Sophisticated control mechanisms allow us to migrate the load in advance, before reaching critical temperature values and thus we can migrate in a safe way with a guarantee to meet all deadlines.
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| 3. |
- Becker, Matthias, et al.
(author)
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Limiting temperature gradients on many-cores by adaptive reallocation of real-time workloads
- 2014
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In: 19th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA 2014. - 9781479948468 ; , s. Article number 7005241-
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The advent of many-core processors came with the increase in computational power needed for future applications. However new challenges arrived at the same time, especially for the real-time community. Each core on such a processor is a heat source and uneven usage can lead to hot spots on the processor, affecting its lifetime and reliability. For real-time systems, it is therefore of paramount importance to keep the temperature differences between the individual cores below critical values, in order to prevent premature failure of the system. We argue that this problem can not be solved by traditional approaches, since the growing number of cores makes them intractable. We rather argue to split the problem in the spacial domain and control the temperature on core level. The cores control their temperature by rearranging the load in a predictable manner during runtime. To achieve this, a feedback controller is implemented on each core. We conclude our work with a simulation based evaluation of the proposed approach comparing its performance against a previously presented algorithm.
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| 4. |
- Becker, Matthias, et al.
(author)
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Mapping Real-Time Tasks onto Many-Core Systems considering Message Flows
- 2014
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In: Proceedings of the Work-in-Progress Session of the 20th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium. - Berlin, Germany. ; , s. 17-18
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this work we focus on the task mapping problem for many-core real-time systems. The growing number of cores connected by a Network-on-Chip (NoC) calls for sophisticated mapping techniques to meet the growing demands of real-time applications. Hardware should be used in an efficient way such that unnecessary resource usage is avoided. Because of the NP-hardness of the problem, heuristic and meta-heuristic techniques are used to find good solutions. We further consider periodic communication between tasks and we focus on a static mapping solution.
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| 9. |
- Eriksson, Linda, et al.
(author)
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Symptom av måttlig träning i minusgrader : En experimentell exponeringsstudie
- 2018
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Bakgrund: Exponering för kyla leder till ökad sjuklighet och dödlighet i befolkningen. Tidigare studier av symptom i samband med köldexponering har mestadels varit befolkningsbaserade enkätstudier fokuserade på ett smalt symptomspektrum. Syftet meddenna studie var att undersöka effekten av kyla och fysisk aktivitet på ett brett spektrumav symptom hos friska individer.Material och metod: Trettioen friska försökspersoner exponerades i en köldkammare för +10 °C och -10 °C under en timme, vid två separata tillfällen. Under varje exponeringsprang försökspersonerna intermittent på 62-78% av maximal syreupptagningsförmåga. Vid fem tillfällen, före, under och efter exponeringarna, frågades försökspersonerna om 18 symptom och dessas intensitet. Borgs CR10 skala användes för att skatta intensitetenfrån 0 till 11, där 0 betydde ”inget alls” och 11 betydde ”maximalt”. Maximalt Borg-värdeför varje symptom under exponeringarna jämfördes med värdena innan exponeringarna. Summan av alla fem Borg CR10-värdena jämfördes mellan de två exponeringarna. PairedWilcoxon signed-rank test användes för analyser. Data presenteras som medianvärden.Resultat: En signifikant stegring av symptomen hosta, ögonirritation, fysiskt obehag ochkalla extremiteter förekom endast vid -10 °C. I jämförelse med fysisk aktivitet i +10 °C, gav fysisk aktivitet i -10 °C upphov till signifikant högre summerade värden för ögonirritation 2,0 jfr 0,5 (p=0,011), rinit 12,0 jfr 8,0 (p=0,000), irritation i näsan 3,5 jfr 0,5 (p=0,001), kyla i ansiktet 7,0 jfr 1,0 (p=0,000), fysiskt obehag 6,5 jfr 0,0 (p=0,000), och kalla extremiteter 10,0 jfr 0,5 (p=0,000).Slutsats: Hos friska individer kan fysisk aktivitet på måttlig intensitet i -10 °C ge upphovtill och öka intensiteten av ett brett spektrum av symptom. Symptom från de nedre luftvägarna var milda och inte frekventa vid de aktuella exponeringarna.
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| 10. |
- Faragardi, Hamid Reza, et al.
(author)
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A communication-aware solution framework for mapping AUTOSAR runnables on multi-core systems
- 2014
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In: 19th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA 2014. - 9781479948468 ; , s. Article number 7005244-
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An AUTOSAR-based software application contains a set of software components, each of which encapsulates a set of runnable entities. In fact, the mission of the system is fulfilled as result of the collaboration between the runnables. Several trends have recently emerged to utilize multi-core technology to run AUTOSAR-based software. Not only the overhead of communication between the runnables is one of the major performance bottlenecks in multi-core processors but it is also the main source of unpredictability in the system. Appropriate mapping of the runnables onto a set of tasks (called mapping process) along with proper allocation of the tasks to processing cores (called task allocation process) can significantly reduce the communication overhead. In this paper, three solutions are suggested, each of which comprises both the mapping and the allocation processes. The goal is to maximize key performance aspects by reducing the overall inter-runnable communication time besides satisfying given timing and precedence constraints. A large number of randomly generated experiments are carried out to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed solutions.
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