| 1. |
- Dahlöf, Carl, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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The course of frequent episodic migraine in a large headache clinic population: a 12-year retrospective follow-up study.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Headache. - : Wiley. - 1526-4610. ; 49:8, s. 1144-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Despite its high prevalence, little is known about the clinical course of migraine. Presented here are the findings of a 12-year follow-up study involving patients diagnosed at baseline with frequent episodic migraine. OBJECTIVE: The main objectives were to determine the long-term outcome of patients with frequent episodic migraine and to identify factors predictive of a favorable vs less favorable prognosis. METHODS: A total of 374 subjects (200 women, 174 men) were selected randomly from a total population of 2812 patients initially diagnosed before December 31, 1996, with episodic migraine and at baseline experiencing 1 to 6 attacks per month. Their subsequent migraine course was evaluated via telephone interviews conducted between 2005 and 2006. RESULTS: Migraine attacks had ceased in 110 (29%) of the 374 patients (57 women and 53 men). The remaining 264 subjects continued to experience migraine attacks at follow-up, and a change in attack frequency was reported by 80% (of whom 80% reported fewer attacks). Sixty-six percent reported a change in pain intensity over time, and of these 83% reported milder pain. Only 6 subjects (6/374 = 1.6%) had developed chronic migraine. CONCLUSION: These data from a headache clinic population suggest that migraine has a favorable prognosis in most patients. Whether the findings reflect the natural history of the disorder or interval improvements in headache management remains conjectural.
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| 2. |
- Dahlöf, Carl, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of migraine prevention on daily activities: a longitudinal and responder analysis from three topiramate placebo-controlled clinical trials.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Health and quality of life outcomes. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1477-7525. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Topiramate is approved for the prophylaxis (prevention) of migraine headache in adults. The most common adverse events in the three pivotal, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials were paresthesia, fatigue, cognitive impairment, anorexia, nausea, and taste alteration. In these trials, topiramate 100 mg/d significantly improved Migraine-Specific Questionnaire (MSQ) scores versus placebo (p < 0.001). The MSQ measures how much migraine limits/interrupts daily performance. Pooled analyses of pivotal trial data were conducted to further assess how topiramate 100 mg/d affects daily activities and patient functioning. METHODS: Mean MSQ and Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) change scores (baseline to each double-blind assessment point) were calculated for pooled intent-to-treat (ITT) patients. Additionally, pooled ITT patients receiving topiramate 100 mg/d or placebo were combined and divided into two responder groups according to percent reduction in monthly migraine frequency: < 50% responders or >/= 50% responders. Between-group differences were assessed using analysis of covariance. RESULTS: Of 756 patients (mean age 39.8 years, 86% female), 384 received topiramate 100 mg/d and 372 placebo. Topiramate significantly improved all three MSQ domains throughout the double-blind phase versus placebo (p = 0.024 [week 8], p < 0.001 [weeks 16 and 26] for role prevention; p < 0.001 for role restriction and emotional function [all time points]). Topiramate 100 mg/d significantly improved SF-36 physical component scores (PCS) throughout the double-blind phase versus placebo (p < 0.001, all time points) and significantly improved mental component scores (MCS) at week 26 (p = 0.043). The greatest topiramate-associated improvements on SF-36 subscales were seen for bodily pain and general health perceptions (p < 0.05; weeks 8, 16, and 26), and physical functioning, vitality, role-physical, and social functioning (p < 0.05; weeks 16 and 26). Significantly greater improvements in all three MSQ domains, as well as the PCS and MCS of SF-36, were observed for >/= 50% responders versus < 50% responders (p < 0.001). Significantly greater percentages of topiramate-treated patients were >/= 50% responders versus placebo (46% versus 23%; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Topiramate 100 mg/d significantly improved daily activities and patient functioning at all time points throughout the double-blind phase. Daily function and health status significantly improved for those achieving a >/= 50% migraine frequency reduction.
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| 3. |
- Dahlöf, Lars-Gösta, 1943, et al.
(författare)
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Quality of the intimate ans sexual relationship in the first-time parents six months after delivery
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of sex research. - Syracuse, N.Y. : Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality. - 0022-4499 .- 1559-8519. ; 42:2, s. 167-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to describe the quality of the intimate relationship among par-ents six months after the birth of their first child. The Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) has been modified and used on 820 responding first-time parents, of which 768 were couples. The results reveal that most parents were happy in their rela-tionship, but both mothers and fathers were discontented with the dyadic sexual-ity. "Being too tired for sexual activity" was a problem, especially for the mothers, and the most common frequency of intercourse was once or twice per month. The result does not support the assumption that the couples compensate the lacking sexuality with sensuality. Good communication within the couple was associated with higher levels of several dimensions of the intimate relationship, especially dyadic consensus and satisfaction. Thus, one way to stabilize and strengthen a relationship when dyadic sexual activity is low would be to emphasize dyadic communication and sensual activity.
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| 4. |
- Dahlöf, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Patients' experience of being triaged directly to a psychologist in primary care: a qualitative study.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Primary health care research & development. - 1477-1128. ; 15:4, s. 441-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a primary health-care centre (PHCC) situated in a segregated area with low socio-economic status, 'primary care triage' has increased efficiency and accessibility. In the primary-care triage, the nurse sorts the patient to the appropriate PHCC profession according to described symptoms. Aim The aim of this study was to examine the patients' experience of being triaged directly to a psychologist for assessment.
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| 5. |
- Dahlöf, Pia, 1948
(författare)
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Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Treatment outcome, psychiatric aspects, neuropsychology and quality of life
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by snoring and apneas during sleep leading to oxygen desaturation, sleep fragmentation and excessive daytime sleepiness. Prior reports have indicated that psychiatric morbidity associated with sleep apnea might be reversed by intervention correcting the sleep related breathing disorder.Participants and methods: Fifty-three unselected consecutive patients with OSAS underwent a five year prospective study, before and after surgery with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP), of standardized sleep recordings, psychiatric morbidity, quality of life and neurocognitive function. Thirty-two couples (patients and their spouses) were investigated concerning changes in psychosocial and marital adjustment. Results: Preoperatively, eighteen patients (34%) fulfilled DSM criteria for a depressive disorder, 98% had hypersomnia and fourteen patients, 25%, were non-suppressors of the dexamethasone suppression test. The patients spouses were also affected regarding their mental health and quality of life (QoL). Six months postoperatively only 10% of the patients fulfilled criteria for a depressive disorder and 6% had hypersomnia. Four patients did not suppress plasma cortisol. Surgery also resulted in a significant reduction of the oxygen desaturation index (ODI) and an increase of minimum SaO2. Furthermore there were significant improvements in verbal learning and memory, recall and executive functioning. These improvements were in parallel with indications of better oxygenation. Spouses psychic health also improved significantly at six months follow-up, parallel with significant improvements in their QoL. Forty-eight patients completed the five years follow-up. Need for additional treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was seen in 31% of the patients leaving thirty-three patients for evaluation. Even if the number of depressed patients and the total score of psychopathological symptoms were back to the same level as baseline. A substantial proportion (41%), n=22, seemed to benefit from surgery after five years according to a composite outcome index based on subjective as well as objective measures. Conclusion: It is concluded that depressive disorder is common in OSAS patients. Sleep apnea may be considered as a possible alternative or a concomitant diagnosis in mood disorders. Surgical treatment seems to decrease psychiatric morbidity and to improve cognitive functions in parallel with better oxygenation. Even though relapse in disease severity improvement in mental health was still evident in 41% five years after surgery. Treatment of OSAS is also important preventing collateral damage in partners.
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| 6. |
- Dahm, Christina C., et al.
(författare)
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Fatty acid patterns and risk of prostate cancer in a case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
- 2012
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 96:6, s. 1354-1361
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Fatty acids in blood may be related to the risk of prostate cancer, but epidemiologic evidence is inconsistent. Blood fatty acids are correlated through shared food sources and common endogenous desaturation and elongation pathways. Studies of individual fatty acids cannot take this into account, but pattern analysis can. Treelet transform (TT) is a novel method that uses data correlation structures to derive sparse factors that explain variation. Objective: The objective was to gain further insight in the association between plasma fatty acids and risk of prostate cancer by applying TT to take data correlations into account. Design: We reanalyzed previously published data from a case-control study of prostate cancer nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. TT was used to derive factors explaining the variation in 26 plasma phospholipid fatty acids of 962 incident prostate cancer cases matched to 1061 controls. Multiple imputation was used to deal with missing data in covariates. ORs of prostate cancer according to factor scores were determined by using multivariable conditional logistic regression. Results: Four simple factors explained 38% of the variation in plasma fatty acids. A high score on a factor reflecting a long-chain n-3 PUFA pattern was associated with greater risk of prostate cancer (OR for highest compared with lowest quintile: 1.36; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.86; P-trend = 0.041). Conclusion: Pattern analyses using TT groupings of correlated fatty acids indicate that intake or metabolism of long-chain n-3 PUFAs may be relevant to prostate cancer etiology. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;96:1354-61.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Dahm, Jochen, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of storage configurations with internal heat exchangers
- 1998
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Ingår i: Solar Energy. - 0038-092X .- 1471-1257. ; 62:6, s. 407-417
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An international standard, ISO/DP 9459-4A, 1996 has been proposed to establish a uniform standard of quality for small solar heating systems. In this proposal, system components are tested separately and total system performance is calculated using system simulations based on validated component model parameter values. Another approach is to test the whole system in operation under representative conditions, where the results can be used as a measure of the general system performance. Component testing and system simulation is flexible, but requires an accurate and reliable simulation model. The advantage of system testing is that it is not dependent on simulations and that it shows the actual system performance. Its disadvantage is that it is restricted to the boundary conditions for the test. The heat store is a key component concerning system performance. Thus, this work focuses on the storage system consisting of store, electrical auxiliary heater, internal heat exchangers (solar and load loops) and tempering valve. Four different storage system configurations with a volume of 7501 were tested in an indoor system test using a statistically generated six-day test sequence and a solar collector simulator. A store component test and system simulation was carried out on one of the four configurations, applying the proposed standard for stores, ISO/DP 9459-4A, 1996 and the MULTIPORT store model. Three test sequences for internal load side heat exchangers, not in the proposed ISO standard, were also carried out. This paper discusses the results of the indoor system test, the store component test, the validation of the store model parameter values and the system simulations. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Dahm, J, et al.
(författare)
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Six-Day System Test and Component test and System Simulation for Combitanks with Internal heat Exchangers
- 1997
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An international standard, ISO/DP 9459-4 has been proposed to establish a uniform standard of quality for small, factory-made solar heating systerns. In this proposal, system components are tested separatelyand total system performance is calculated using system simulations based on component model parameter values validated using the results from the component tests. Another approach is to test the whole system in operation under representative conditions, where the results can be used as a measure of the general system performance. The advantage of system testing of this form is that it is not dependent on simulations and the possible inaccuracies of the models. Its disadvantage is that it is restricted to the boundary conditions for the test. Component testing and system simulation is flexible, but requires an accurate and reliable simulation model. The heat store is a key component conceming system performance. Thus, this work focuses on the storage system consisting store, electrical auxiliary heater, heat exchangers and tempering valve. Four different storage system configurations with a volume of 750 litre were tested in an indoor system test using a six -day test sequence. A store component test and system simulation was carried out on one of the four configurations, applying the proposed standard for stores, ISO/DP 9459-4A. Three newly developed test sequences for intemalload side heat exchangers, not in the proposed ISO standard, were also carried out. The MULTIPORT store model was used for this work. This paper discusses the results of the indoor system test, the store component test, the validation of the store model parameter values and the system simulations.
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| 10. |
- Dahm, Jochen, 1967
(författare)
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Small District Heating Systems
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective of this work is to identify, from an economical point of view, the optimal system design and operation strategy for the district heating of a small residential area. The applied methodology is an overall approach on the heat distribution system, the house connection and the space heating system in the building, i.e. all parts are regarded as one system. To comply with this task, dynamic simulation which takes into account the interaction between different components is applied. Existing simulation model components and new developed model components for all parts of the small district heating system in question are combined to a system as a whole to predict the thermal performance for the period of one year. To ensure that the valid component and system models are in accordance with the performance of real systems, measurements from two small district heating systems were compared with the calculated results. The outcome is a calibrated simulation model. The calibrated system simulation model was then generalised by using a typical space heating and domestic hot water load and weather data for the location of Göteborg. Using the generalised system simulation model a thermal analysis of common system alternatives was carried out. Three different temperature levels for two district heating network types, 2-pipe and 4-pipe, and house heating system were analysed to ascertain distribution heat loss and electricity consumption for pumps. The result of the thermal analysis was combined with typical costs for system parts, operation of the system and for covering the heat demand to calculate annual heat costs for each system. A sensitivity analysis regarding annual heat costs was carried out for the investigated system alternatives by varying major cost and design factors.
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